# data[].attributes.body
Educational Psychology Module

Trainer: Mrs. Everhart Evelyn

Trainees:

Kaoutar El Assri

Ilham Oulqadi

Khadijaa Jameri

Hiba Abillouch

Fatima Ezzahra Er-Rachedy

Asma Tizniti

GROUP 1

M.S

# data[].attributes.body
behavioriism is .....

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Ivan Pavlov, Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist. 

# data[].attributes.headline
Classical Conditioning:  Ivan Pavlov’s Contribution to Behaviorism.

# data[].attributes.subject
Classical Conditioning:  Ivan Pavlov’s Contribution to Behaviorism.

# data[].attributes.body
Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), a Russian physiologist who accidentally discovered classical conditioning while studying digestion in dogs.

The core idea is "Learning through association between stimuli."

Classical conditioning is a type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes linked to a natural response.

Pavlov was studying digestion when he observed that dogs would salivate not only when food was placed in their mouths but also when they saw the lab assistant bringing the food.

To study this, Pavlov paired a neutral stimulus with the presentation of food. After several repetitions, the dogs began to salivate in response to the bell alone, even when no food was present.

This demonstrated that the dogs had learned to associate the bell with food.

# data[].attributes.body
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS):
A stimulus that naturally triggers a response.
→ Example: Food

Unconditioned Response (UCR):
The natural reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.
→ Example: Salivation

Neutral Stimulus (NS):
A stimulus that initially does not cause a response.
→ Example: Bell (before conditioning)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS):
A previously neutral stimulus that, after association, triggers a response.
→ Example: Bell (after conditioning)

Conditioned Response (CR):
The learned reaction to the conditioned stimulus.
→ Example: Salivation at the sound of the bell

# data[].attributes.headline
Read the task and identify associations, then discuss.

# data[].attributes.subject
Read the task and identify associations, then discuss.

# data[].attributes.body
A teacher uses a specific scent of vanilla ( through a candle or air freshener) during reading time. Initially, students feel neutral when they smell the vanilla. Over time, they begin to associate the scent with a calm and focused reading atmosphere. As a result, whenever they smell vanilla, they feel relaxed and ready to read, even outside the classroom.

# data[].attributes.body
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS):
The calm and focused reading time (a naturally relaxing environment)

Unconditioned Response (UCR):
Feeling relaxed and focused (natural response to the reading atmosphere)

Neutral Stimulus (NS):
The vanilla scent (at first, it has no emotional effect)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS):
The vanilla scent (after it gets associated with reading time)

Conditioned Response (CR):
Feeling calm and ready to read just from the vanilla scent, even outside of reading time

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
(March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, inventor, and social philosopher.

# data[].attributes.headline
Operant Conditioning: Burrhus Frederic Skinner

# data[].attributes.subject
Operant Conditioning: Burrhus Frederic Skinner

# data[].attributes.body
What is Operant Conditioning?

Definition: A learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Based on the consequences of behavior.

Difference from classical conditioning (Pavlov).

Main Concepts

Reinforcement: increases behavior

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Punishment: decreases behavior

Positive punishment

Negative punishment

# data[].attributes.body
Scenario 1
A boy keeps finishing his classwork early and quietly. I gave him a sticker to encourage him to keep up the good behavior.

Scenario 2
A student was tapping his pencil and distracting others. I took away his break time to stop him from doing it again.

Scenario 3
A girl kept talking while I was teaching. I gave her extra homework so she would stop interrupting.

Scenario 4
One student was always late to class. I stopped giving him praise and participation points until he started arriving on time.

# data[].attributes.body
There are many ways that teachers can apply behaviorism in the classroom :

1-Positive reinforcement
2-Negative reinforcement
3-Punishment
4-Modeling
5-Cueing
6-Repetition and practice
7- Immediate feedback

# data[].attributes.body
1. Practical and easy to apply
It offers a clear, simple way to manage behavior based on actions, not thoughts.

2. Measurable learning outcomes
Learning is visible and trackable through students’ actions and responses.

3. Supports habit formation
Repetition and reinforcement help students form lasting habits and skills.

4. Encourages positive behavior
Rewards motivate students and build a positive, confident learning environment.

5. Builds self-regulation
Consistent feedback teaches students to manage and adjust their behavior.

# data[].attributes.body
Neglects cognition
It ignores how students think and learn internally.

Limits autonomy and creativity
It can make learning rigid and reduce students’ freedom to explore ideas.

Narrow assessment
It focuses only on observable outcomes, missing deeper skills like creativity or emotional growth.

Reduces motivation
Overuse of rewards can weaken students' interest in learning for its own sake.

Short-term impact
Behavior changes may not last once rewards or punishments stop.

# data[].attributes.body
Skinner, B.F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior.

McLeod, S. (2018). Operant Conditioning | Simply Psychology.