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The beginning of Majapahit was founded after the collapse of the Singasari Kingdom due to the Jayakatwang Rebellion in 1292 AD. The grandson of Kartanegara (the king of Singosari whom Jayakatwang defeated) who was under pressure, namely Raden Wijaya, fled. During his escape, he received help from Arya Wiraja. Then, Raden Wijaya created a small village in the Trowulan forest and named it Majapahit Village (Maja is a bitter fruit that they found in the forest). Then, Raden Wijaya attacked the Khubilai Khan Army because Raden Wijaya did not want the Mongol emperor to snatch his authority. Raden Wijaya officially became the King of Majapahit on 10 November 1293 with the title "Kertarajasa Jayawardhana." This kingdom is located in Mojokerto, East Java, which is a strategic place where the plant grows well.

Political Effect: Because of the rebellion, there was a tense relationship that happened between many Kings around Majapahit. They become aware that there going to be a big Kingdom in Java which might be risky for the small kingdom (this is the cause and effect).

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At the beginning, this kingdom faces a lot of difficult things such as, being attacked by different kingdoms, and many rebellions. The big rebellion that happened in 1309 was called the Ranggalawe Rebellion. Ranggalawe and his father came to help Raden Wijaya who was clearing a forest near the Brantas River in 1292. Raden Wijaya was the son-in-law of Kertanegara, the last King of Singasari who was killed due to the Jayakatwang rebellion. Raden Wijaya managed to save himself from the incident. Raden Wijaya became a good partner with Ranggalawe, however, due to the greatness of Raden Wijaya, he receives many pleasures from his title. Ranggalawe thought that Raden Wijaya did not deserve that title and pleasure, he often showed his jealousy toward Raden Wijaya. Knowing this, Raden Wijaya attacked the Ranggalawe army, a big war happened, and in the end, Majapahit won the war.

Cause-Effect: Due to the greatness of rebellions and wars, this kingdom lost a lot of things, which made the king abdicate. This happen because of the background of this kingdom.

Political Effect: This event did not make a negative perspective toward Ranggalawe descendants. Instead, Raden Wijaya realizes how important and meritorious is Ranggalawe. He trusts Ranggalawe descendants to become one of his trusted people to rule Tuban (branches region under Majapahit).

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Sri Jayanagara is the son of Raden Wijaya. Jayanagara's reign is known as a turbulent time in the early history of the Majapahit empire. According to the Pararaton book, he himself died as a result of being murdered by Ra Tanca, his palace physician. Prabu Jayanegara was enshrined at the Bajang Ratu Trowulan Temple, Mojokerto, East Java.

Cause-Effect: Sri Jayanegara is the youngest king of Majapahit. During his time, the kingdom is kind of weak, and it is easy to kill him because of the lack of a military strategy. This time give a reflection for this kingdom to build stronger than before.

Political and Geography Effect: At that time, mainland China was controlled by the Yuan Dynasty or the Mongols. In 1321, a missionary traveler named Odorico da Pordenone visited Java and witnessed Jayanagara's reign. He noted that the Mongol troops returned to colonize Java, but were repulsed by the Majapahit forces. This repeated their failure in 1293. But, their relationship became better, and Majapahit sent Adityawarman who is the nephew of Jayanegara to conduct a diplomat mission. Since then, the relationship with Mongols became strong.

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4. 1336 M “The Golden Days” Mahapatih Gajah Mada "Palapa Oath"

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4. 1336 M “The Golden Days” Mahapatih Gajah Mada "Palapa Oath"

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After Jayanegara, his daughter named Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi became a queen of Majapahit. Then, she chose Gajah Muda to be the governor of Majapahit. When he became a governor, he declared it by taking an oath called the "Palapa Oath" (Tan Amukti Palapa). In this oath, it says Gajah Mada will restrict himself on not having fun (he was fasting as his routine) before he succeeded his goals for the sake of the country. After she passed away, his son continued the kingdom. Hayam Wuruk became a King of Majapahit which had a big influence on this kingdom because of the help of his governor.

Cause-Effect: The Golden Days of Majapahit, and the hard work of Gajah Mada put a huge trust in the people of Majapahit so the kingdom is still glorious. Gajah Mada also succeed in uniting islands of Indonesia (Nusantara), so this big event has continued to have benefits until today.

Geography: Gajah Mada succeeded in adding Bali, Java, the and Sumatra to the Majapahit Kingdom. Also other islands, Peninsular Malaysia, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara Islands, Maluku, Papua, as well as Tumasik (Singapore) and parts of the Philippine Islands. Apart from that, this kingdom also had relations with Campa (Thailand), Cambodia, Siam, southern Burma, Vietnam, and China.

Political: Majapahit also had a strong naval fleet under the leadership of Mpu Nala. Thanks to its military strength and strategy, Majapahit was able to create stability in its region.

Economy: From an economic perspective, Majapahit has become a trade center in Southeast Asia with exports of pepper, salt and longan.

Technology: Majapahit as the world's main shipping license holder, because it is able to carry out large-scale trade compared to other countries in the world, also has the same concept regarding shipping technology which is the biggest and best technology of its time. Shipping technology at that time became a very complex technology like aircraft technology today.

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The death of Gajah Mada is still a mysterious event in the history of the Majapahit Kingdom. There are a lot of sources telling different stories about the death of Gajah Mada. They believe that he cannot pass away since he has a very high level of spiritual knowledge. He can fast for a long period, and he does meditation a lot when he was governor. Then, another source which most people believe is he passed away because he was sick on his way to Karsyan (still near the kingdom). He went to the cave and meditated there until the end of his life. The place of cave is behind a waterfall called Madakaripura (Probolinggo).

Cause-Effect: Although Gaja Mada already passed away, this kingdom has conquered many places and already has the hearts of the people.

Social: The death of Gajah Mada had a significant effect to the people of Majapahit and Hayam Wuruk specifically. Gajah Mada's absence from Majapahit politics left a scar on the king. Hayam Wuruk was very sad. It is even said that the king was so desperate. He immediately met his mother, two younger siblings, and two brothers-in-law to discuss replacing Patih Amangkubhumi's position. However, no one, can replace him.

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6. 1377 M (Palembang) The Central City of Sri Vijaya to Hayam Wuruk’s Army

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6. 1377 M (Palembang) The Central City of Sri Vijaya to Hayam Wuruk’s Army

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At this time, another place called Palembang (Sri-Vijaya as the capital city) fell under Majapahit by the army of Hayam Wuruk. Then, Hayam Wuruk also conquered Singapura Kingdom which is the branch of Sri-Vijaya. However, this area has a strong army and politics. The descendants of this kingdom then revenge on Majapahit.

Cause-Effect: Due to the death of Gajah Mada, makes this kingdom a bit shaken. That is why even though Hayam Wuruk tries to maintain Majapahit, his kingdom is as strong as before. Hearing this news, other kingdoms see this as an opportunity for them to attack Majapahit.

Cultural (Religion): This kingdom lasts for a short time, but it is really strong and has a big influence, especially on the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism. Then, when this kingdom almost fall down, Muslim begin to spread and a kingdom with Muslim belief begin to enter Indonesia.

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7. 1527 M "The End of Majapahit Kingdom"

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7. 1527 M "The End of Majapahit Kingdom"

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Since then, none of his successors were competent in managing the extent of Majapahit's power. Apart from that, several factors encouraged

the collapse of Majapahit, including:

• Many conquered territories broke away

• There was a conflict over the throne

• The outbreak of the Paregreg War

• The growing influence of Islam in Java

Majapahit's power actually ended in 1527, after being conquered by Sultan Trenggana's troops from the Demak Sultanate. Since then, its remaining territory was taken over by the Demak Sultanate Muslim.

The cause is obviously because of the end of the Golden Days and the beginning of Muslim Kingdom entering Indonesia. This gave effect to a lot of different aspect in politic (change into Islamic central with its religious policy), and aspects of geography (Java becoming an island with a majority of Muslims).

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https://historia.id/kuno/articles/misteri-kematian-gajah-mada-DbNb2/page/2

https://www.pinterpandai.com/sejarah-kerajaan-majapahit/

https://www.sonora.id/read/423718203/sumpah-palapa-tan-amukti-palapa-sejarah-beserta-isi-dan-maknanya

https://tirto.id/sejarah-singkat-kerajaan-majapahit-awal-berdiri-dan-silsilah-raja-f9Ul

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayanagara

https://tirto.id/sejarah-pemberontakan-ranggalawe-di-kerajaan-majapahit-f95a#google_vignette

https://mediaindonesia.com/humaniora/451435/sejarah-berdirinya-kerajaan-majapahit#google_vignette

https://www.nusantarareview.com/teknologi-era-majapahit.html

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DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT INDONESIA - Search Images (bing.com)

https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/4543/Constitutional_Structure_of_Indonesia_Based_on_1945_Constitution_before_and_after_Amendments.pdf

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I. Structure & Function of Indonesia's Constitution

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I. Structure & Function of Indonesia's Constitution

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III. Three Visions (Example & Future Plan)

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III. Three Visions (Example & Future Plan)

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V. Civic Action & Future Plan of 6 Dimensions

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V. Civic Action & Future Plan of 6 Dimensions

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VI. Civic Action & Future Plan of 6 Proven Practices

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VI. Civic Action & Future Plan of 6 Proven Practices

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Civic Action & Future Plan of 6 Proven Practices

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Civic Action & Future Plan of 6 Proven Practices