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Liholiho and Ka'ahumanu's Rein, NO More Kapu - 1819

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Liholiho and Ka'ahumanu's Rein, NO More Kapu - 1819

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In 1819 Liholiho also aka Kamehameha 11, along side queen Ka'ahumanu took over a rulers of Hawaii. To insure the they would stay in power Ka'ahumanu and Liholiho devised a plan to break the sacred kapu system. To show their new way of life. They broke the ai kapu, or the eating kapu. Before broken woman and children ate together, and the men ate separately. Ka'ahumanu prevailed in the plan of breaking down the kapu system, after Ka'ahumanu and Liholiho sat and ate together in front of everyone.

This was the first step in the transition to the overthrow. Breaking the overthrow was huge, the Hawaiian whole way of life gone in that single incident. With the kapu system now gone he Hawaiian didn't know what to do, what this meant for them. I think that because their first way of living slowly got lost after the missionaries, the Hawaiians who were formidable in combat lost their physical power, and when it came to the overthrow they couldn't combat the foreigners advances.

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On March 30, 1820 American missionaries from New England came to Hawaii. They came with the sole purpose of converting Hawaiians to christianity, since they saw them as savage. To do this they had to convince the Hawaiians for land to build churches. In this conversion process They provided the Hawaiians with a written language so that communication would be easier. They got people to come to the church by making books aka the bible. As time went by Hawaii was becoming more and more westernized.

These missionary people began to convert and change the Hawaiians lifestyle, they the barbaric Hawaiians into more modern ways. Like clothing and arts. These missionaries banned things like hula and traditional art. Thus the Hawaiian culture slowly faded. This also opened Hawaii to allowing other foreigners to come to Hawaii now that it was more Western.

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In 1843 Captain Lord George Paulet, a British navel officer took Hawaii to be a territory/part of great Britain. He ordered for the Hawaiian flag to be lowered and for Britain's one to be raised. This lasted for about 5 moths, however at the time Britain and France had already acknowledged Hawaii as an independent nation. Therefor Britain announced that Paulet's actions were unauthorized. On July 31 1843 the kingdom of Hawaii was handed back over to the monarch (king Kamehameha 111) following this near thanksgiving time, Kamehameha 111 gave a speech that the motto of this nation would be "Ua mau ke ea o ka ‘āina i ka pono". Which translates to " the life and land is preserved in righteousness." and is the current state motto.

This is an event that leads up to the overthrow because it was the first time a foreigner had taken their land. Paulet happed to overthrow the Hawaiian government. Although it was unauthorized to me I feel that it was an event that could have lead other foreigners to want an overthrow. It showed the power that other nations had.

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The Great Mahele & Kuleana Act 1848 - 1850

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The Great Mahele & Kuleana Act 1848 - 1850

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In 1848 the Great Mahele or, the great divide. Was an event that split the land of Hawaii, and distributed it to Hawaii's chiefs/royalty, the government and the makainana. This made it so that the land could be owned. This however want understood by most so in 1850 the Kuleana act was passed to clear up the inconsistencies in the Great Mahele. Though it was to help the Hawaiian people (makainana) it had the exact opposite effect. They ended up gaining the least from this act. The idea of owner ship was foreign because till now the land had always been shared. To add to the confusion deadline for payment in a civilization who had a traditional (barter) economy system didn't under stand money. They also couldn't read the notice since it was in english when most of them mostly spoke Hawaiian.

This changed the course of Hawaii's future since it was the first time people could own land. This led to the unfair market in which the foreigners were able to buy up almost all the land. Leaving the Hawaiians with only a small portion left. This land ownership is what brought in and introduce plantations and farms and factories.

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In 1874, King Kalakaua ascended to the throne, through an election, in where Lunalilo ran against him. Kalakaua actually lost this election but when Lunalilo died the following year Kalakaua was put on the throne by a decision of the legislator. In his reign he faced many hard ships and the most increase of the threat of Hawaii being taken over. Forced to sign by force the bayonet constitution his power cut off and the power of the royal family decreased significantly. Throughout his reign Kalakaua unbanned traditional Hawaiian are that was banned after the missionaries came. Hula and Hawaiian music came back and continued to thrive, thus earning him the name: The Merrie Monarch.

This was a significant time in Hawaii because traditions and Hawaiian culture resurfaced and made a comeback, rejuvenating the spirits of the Hawaiian people. With the Kalakaua on the throne the foreigners took advantage of him, over powering him to limit his power, and being under the continuous treat of annexation. His rein also led to the reign of the last Hawaii monarch, Queen Liliuokalani.

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The Reciprocity Treaty was created in 1875, and allowed the U.S. To gain exclusive access to Pearl Harbor, in exchange for tax free imports between the U.S. and Hawaii. It allowed them both to get what they wanted, business's in Hawaii skyrocketed, and the United States got a unique harbor that they had been eying for a while.

The Reciprocity Treaty had an effect on the overthrow because it made Hawaii more dependent on the U.S. The U.S. was one of Hawaii's best buyers after the results of the civil war, and Hawaii businesses took advantage of that. The businessmen in Hawaii like the plantations especially sugar now relied on the U.S. for their income. The westerners's business took over Hawaii and the local shops and businesses couldn't keep up with the market. Thus causing westerners to gain power within Hawaii through the shipping industry.

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The Bayonet Constitution, signed on July 6, 1887, was a Constitution that heavily advantageous to foreign residents. After King Kalakaua had was held at gunpoint to sign this constitution, it was put in place immediately. This constitution limited the monarchy being a ceremonial leader/ in name, requiring the monarch to sign all laws and bills regardless of their opinion, and requiring all voters to sign an oath saying they support this constitution. He also hade to make all decisions with his cabinet, and pass everything through them. It gave the foreigners a massive advantage and influence in Hawaii.

The Bayonet Constitution influenced the overthrow of Hawaii because it took almost all power from the Hawaiian monarchy, and placed it with the foreigners. The foreigners now had the ability to get whatever bill or decision they wanted or if they wanted more power. Too afraid to do anything the Hawaiians stayed quiet.

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In 1887 the committee of safety was formed. A group of 13 all white and descending from the missionary families who came to Hawaii. They were originally the annexation club, but changed their name to be the Committee of Safety. They supported and encouraged the annexation of Hawaii. Leading them was Lorrin A. Thurston, who was also affiliated with the Honolulu rifles. They also took part in the initial overthrow. Though they are named the Committee of Safety this was more for other foreigners/ other white people. Since there actions always end up benefitting the white foreigners the most, while everyone else left behind

them.

This was a major step in leading to the overthrow, with the formation of the Committee, they would later be the ones to overthrow the queen. they would later form the provisional government led by Sanford B. Dole. Their power, influence, and resources, was a formidable power and the kingdom of Hawaii could do little to prevent them from growing more powerful.

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On January 20, 1891, King Kalakaua sadly passed away. thus, began the era of the last monarch of Hawaii and Hawaii as a kingdom. Queen Liliuokalani, was Kalakaua's sister, She was an amazing poet and musician, writing famous Hawaii melodies like Aloha Oe. She wrote 150 songs in her lifetime. As the Queen She tried to put an end to the Bayonet Constitution, but failed. This is Because that same constitution gave her little to no power to do anything. On January 17 1893, the queen was threatened to give up he throne. In fear of the Hawaiian people getting hurt she did what they asked of her, she gave up the throne thinking that history would repeat itself in where the U.S would interfere like the British did with George Paulet, and give Hawaii, it's sovereignty back. However, this was not the case. In revolt of this in 1895 a group of Hawaiian royalist tried to put the queen back in power, to no avail, the queen was charged with treason/conspiracy, and was placed under house arrest in Iolani palace.

This event affected the overthrow because now Hawaii was in a new power. No longer with a monarch, but a shared power within the provisional government. With Hawaii split on the idea of annexation. The Bayonet Constitution gave all the power to the government, and the Hawaiians were left into with almost. This unfair treatment and greedy foreigners eventually lead to the fall of the kingdom.

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The United Staes Interferes  1893 - 1896

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The United Staes Interferes  1893 - 1896

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Within Liliuokalani's rein the U.S was off and on about annexation. While people like the Committee of Safety and many other foreigners they encouraged the annexation, while many locals wanted Hawaii stay independent. In 1893 Benjamin Harrison signed the document stating Hawaii's annexation, however, his term was up, when president grover Cleveland was elected into office he undid this action, for he did not support the overthrow nor annexation, and wished for Hawaii to be independent. Within Cleveland's time in office he sent James blunt to investigate the suspicious overthrow of the queen, James reported that the overthrow was both unethical and illegal. Advised to take punishment Sanford dole did not budge and refused to give the queen the throne back. There was little the U.S. could do in this time since they had now engaged in the Spanish-American war. Unfortunately Cleveland's term ended and William McKinley was elected president in 1896.

This effected the over throw because not only was what he Committee of Safety's action labeled as unlawful it was wrong. To add to that, with America engaging in war Cleveland could do no further intervention to help the queen. Eventually leading to annexation.

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Led by two Hawaiian groups, Hui Aloha 'Aina and Hui Kulai'aina, organized a mass petition in 1897. They hoped that if the U.S. government realized that most of native Hawaiian citizens didn't want an annexation, the annexation on Hawaii would be stopped. They were able to get 21,269 signatures but this wasn't enough to stop the annexation and with the growing pressure from the Spanish-American war the annexation document were still signed.

This took part in the all of the Hawaiian kingdom, because it was the last act of Hawaii as a nation, the native Hawaiians tried to fight back but was sadly unable to accomplish what they wanted. This goes to show how much more powerful the U.S was though they were able to get over 20,00 signatures it didn't help at all.

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Annexation took place on July 7, 1898. When William McKinley was elected president, he signed the bill that stated that Hawaii would be annexed to United States. This was the last event for Hawaii as an independent nation, Hawaii was stolen from the Hawaiians. Now that the U.S.had taken control, Hawaii quickly became populated with more ethnicities wanting to work for the various plantations.

This event affected the Overthrow of Hawaii because it when Hawaii was truly fallen and Hawaii was no longer a independent nation. After diseases from foreigners ravaged the islands, the Hawaiian population was a spec of what it once was. With more ethnic groups in Hawaii looking for work, Hawaiians were quickly out numbered by the work force and may had a hard time finding jobs/work.