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Scoliosis (S or C shaped curve more than 10 degrees in spine)

Mid/low back pain

Back stiffness

Curved posture

Uneven shoulders or hips

Difficulty standing or sitting

Leaning toward one side

One side of rib cage jutting forward

Kyphosis (curvature of upper back, rounded shoulders)

Pain in the back or shoulder blades

Stiffness in the back or shoulder blades

Tight hamstring muscles

Uneven shoulder blade heights

Lordosis/swayback (extreme curvature of natural spine --> forward curve in neck or extreme curve in lower back)

Head and neck leaning forward

Hips pushed forward/more pronounced buttocks

Noticeable gap under lower back while laying down

Neck and/or low-back pain

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Scoliosis

Certain conditions including cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy

Birth defects/genetic conditions (Marfan syndrome and Down syndrome)

Family history

Aging

Kyphosis

Degenerative diseases of the spine (arthritis or disc degeneration)

Muscle weakness

Poor posture

Osteoporosis

Spine injuries

Slipping of one vertebra forward on another (spondylolisthesis)

Scheuermann’s disease (when a growth spirt causes uneven growth and spine bones are wedged together)

Lordosis

Many unknown causes

Achondroplasia

Spondylolisthesis

Osteoporosis

Kyphosis

Obesity

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Family history

Physical exam

Imaging to analyze and assess curvature of the spine:

X-rays

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan

Electromyography (EMG) and electrophysiological testing

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Non-Surgical and Lifestyle Changes

Practice correct posture

Strengthen spine muscles through yoga or Pilates

Quitting smoking

Weight loss to reduce pressure on the spine

Physical therapy

Wear a brace

Medications (anti-inflammatories)

Acupuncture

Spinal cord stimulation

Surgical

Reconstructive spine surgery

Decompression surgery

Spinal correction (inserts rods, plates, or screws to help alignment)

Spinal fusion (fusion of multiple vertebrae to stabilize the spine)

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https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/brain-spine-neuro/spine-diseases-conditions/spinal-curvatures

https://simplymovechiropractic.com/scoliosis-overview-charlotte-nc/