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The expansion of women's sports was one of the biggest changes of the 20th century. Gender stereotypes in athletics and other aspects of life were fought by women as part of the women's movement. Since then, there has been a significant growth in the number of female athletes. Many Canadian women have achieved great success in sports including track and field, swimming, diving, hockey, rowing, cycling, gymnastics, skiing, speed skating, soccer, and wrestling.

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The National Hockey Association and the Pacific Coast Hockey Association decided in 1915 that the league champions from each organization would face off for the Stanley Cup. The Vancouver Millionaires were the first team to win the cup following this change. Three games to none, they defeated the champion Ottawa Senators.

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The National Hockey League (NHL) was founded on November 26, 1917 after The National Hockey Association (NHA) was suspended due to intense conflicts among the league's owners.

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1920 – Canada Dominates First Decade of Olympic Ice Hockey

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1920 – Canada Dominates First Decade of Olympic Ice Hockey

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In the Olympic Winter Games, Canadian athletes competed in cross-country skiing, ski jumping, speed skating, and figure skating, but none of these events earned any medals. On the other hand, Canada won the hockey competition. The University of Toronto Grads represented the nation in ice hockey led by Conn Smythe. The Canadian team's strength enabled the tournament directors to advance them directly to the championship game, where the Canadians crushed Sweden 11-0, the British 14-0, and Switzerland 13-0. Following their gold medal achievement, the team toured Europe, showcasing their quick play to large crowds.

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In 1924, Canada's national soccer team overseed by Jimmy Adam travelled to Australia for a three-month tour.  The players left Victoria, British Columbia, on April 10, 1924, and arrived in Niagara on August 23, 1924. With 26 games played, the group had 11 wins, 7 draws, and 8 defeats.

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Percy Page led the Edmonton Grads, a women's basketball team that won the championship title. The Grads won an unbelievable 95% of their games throughout their 25 years as a squad. The Grads frequently outscored their opponents and won both national and international championships. The group was undefeated in 24 games played in connection with the Olympic Summer Games in 1924, 1928, and 1936. They won the Underwood International Trophy for 17 consecutive years. In 2017, the Grads were inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame.

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1926 – Canada’s First Female Speed Skating World Champion

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1926 – Canada’s First Female Speed Skating World Champion

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Lela Brooks, known as "Queen of the Blades'' during the 1920s, gathered more than 65 victories at all levels of competition, from provincial to international. In addition, she established 17 world records for distances using the imperial system, including a mile and a half.  Before the International Skating Union fully recognised a women's world championship, in 1926 she won the first of her two world allround championships. Brooks was the first female member of the Old Orchard Skating Club in Toronto and did not have a regular coach or training routine, which is an indication of how underdeveloped women's speed skating was at the time.

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1927- Toronto St. Patricks Renamed Maple Leafs

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1927- Toronto St. Patricks Renamed Maple Leafs

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Shortly after the club was bought by a company led by Conn Smythe, the hockey team known as the Toronto St. Patricks changed their name to the Maple Leafs. The Leafs' first jerseys had a green maple leaf on them, but the iconic blue leaf debuted the following year and has since become the team's logo.

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1928 – Canada’s First Double Gold Medallist in Athletics

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1928 – Canada’s First Double Gold Medallist in Athletics

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Percy Williams won the 100- and 200-meter Olympic titles in Amsterdam 1928, becoming the first athlete from Canada to win two gold medals in athletics and the second athlete in history to do it after swimmer George Hodgson. Only nine men in history have ever completed the Olympic sprint double, including him.

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1928 – Canada’s First Female Olympic Medallists

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1928 – Canada’s First Female Olympic Medallists

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It wasn't until 1928 that a Canadian summer Olympic team had women, despite the fact that women's sports were gradually gaining popularity at the Olympic Games. On a roster of 92 individuals, there were only seven women, yet they were responsible for over a third of Canada's 15 medals overall. In the women's 100-meter race, Bobbie Rosenfeld and Ethel Smith finished second and third.  Rosenfeld and Smith became the first female athletes from Canada to win two gold medals at the Olympics when they teamed up with Jane Bell and Myrtle Cook to win the women's 4x100m relay. With her success in the high jump, Ethel Catherwood became the first Canadian woman to take home an Olympic gold in a singles competition. As a result, Canada became the only nation to take home multiple gold medals from the five women's track and field competitions in Amsterdam.

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The creation of the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1917 demonstrates cause and consequence. The NHL was founded on November 26, 1917. Prior to the NHL, there was the National Hockey Association (NHA). In response to league business, an NHA board of directors meeting was conducted in October 1917. The NHA's owners agreed to suspend the league in November 1917 and create a new league, the NHL, without Toronto NHA owner Eddie Livingstone. This decision appears to have been made due to Livingstone's resistance to the league's continued existence. Since that time, one of the most well-known leagues in the world and one that will go down in history is the NHL.

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The expansion of women's sports in 1914 is one instance that highlights both continuity and change. From gaining the right to vote to achieving gender equality in sports, women have been pushing for change in every area of their lives. One of the largest known transformations of the 20th century was this expansion. Women were frequently told that men should participate in sports because females were too "sensitive" and that women belonged in the kitchen, working around the house and taking care of the children and elderly. Even if there are still those that stereotype women, there have been numerous improvements throughout the years that have increased the involvement of women. The number of female athletes has increased significantly since the transition, and many Canadian women have excelled in sports including track and field, swimming, diving, hockey, rowing, cycling, gymnastics, skiing, speed skating, soccer, and wrestling.

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“| Hall of Famers Search.” Www.sportshall.ca, www.sportshall.ca/hall-of-famers/hall-of-famers-search.html?proID=152&lang=EN.

“Canada at the 1928 Olympic Winter Games | the Canadian Encyclopedia.” Www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canada-at-the-1928-olympic-winter-games.

“Canadian Soccer History-Canada in Australia 1924.” Www.canadiansoccerhistory.com, www.canadiansoccerhistory.com/Canadiantoursabroad/Australia1924.html. Accessed 23 Sept. 2022.

“Chalk Another One up for the Rocket.” NHL.com, www.nhl.com/canadiens/news/maurice-richard-is-credited-with-a-new-assist-after-nhl-stats-digitization-project/c-291558212. Accessed 23 Sept. 2022.

“HHOF - Stanley Cup History.” Www.hhof.com, www.hhof.com/thecollection/stanleycup_history.html.

“St. Moritz 1928.” Team Canada - Official Olympic Team Website, olympic.ca/games/1928-st-moritz/.

“St. Pats History.” Toronto Maple Leafs, www.nhl.com/mapleleafs/info/stpatshistory.

Toth, Cory. “The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan | Details.” Uregina.ca, 2021, esask.uregina.ca/entry/women_in_sports.jsp.

“Vancouver Was Awesome: The Fastest Man in the World, 1928-1932.” Vancouver Is Awesome, www.vancouverisawesome.com/history/vancouver-was-awesome-the-fastest-man-in-the-world-1928-1932-1925328. Accessed 23 Sept. 2022.