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In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the education provided to African-American students was inferior to that of their white counterparts. This landmark decision declared that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It also paved the way for future legal cases focused on special education rights.

References:

Friend, M. (2023). Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals (6th ed.). Pearson.

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1965 - Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

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1965 - Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

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In 1965, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act provided federal funding for primary and secondary schools. It also provided equal access to education, which paved the way for future special education rights.

References:

Friend, M. (2023). Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals (6th ed.). Pearson.

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1965 - Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

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In 1967, Congress allocated funding to add Title VI to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). This was significant because it ensured that all races had equal access to special education services.

References:

Friend, M. (2023). Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals (6th ed.). Pearson.

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The case of Mill v. Board of Education was decided in 1972. The court stated that no child could be denied a public education because of mental, behavioral, physical, or emotional disabilities. This ruling highlighted the need for equal education and inclusivity for all students, regardless of their challenges.

References:

Friend, M. (2023). Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals (6th ed.). Pearson.

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The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was the first significant federal law in the U.S.ability rights and equity. The purpose of this act was to guarantee equal opportunities for all individuals. to focus on dis

References:

https://www.eeoc.gov/rehabilitation-act-1973

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1975 - The Education for All Handicapped Children Act 

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1975 - The Education for All Handicapped Children Act 

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In 1975, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act was enacted, allowing public schools to offer equal educational opportunities for all students. Over time, this act evolved into the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, commonly referred to as IDEA.

References:

Friend, M. (2023). Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals (6th ed.). Pearson.

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Rowley v. Board of Education occurred in 1982, establishing the concept of Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). This framework ensures educational instruction is tailored to the specific needs of students with disabilities.

References:

Friend, M. (2023). Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals (6th ed.). Pearson.

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In 1983, "A Nation at Risk" highlighted the failures of America's educational system in educating students. The report emphasized that the educational system was not effectively equipping students for their future.

Reference:

Friend, M. (2023). Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals (6th ed.). Pearson.

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In 1988, the case Honig v. Doe established that schools are prohibited from excluding disabled students, even if their behavior is deemed disruptive. This decision emphasized the importance of inclusivity in education for all students.

Reference:

Friend, M. (2023). Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals (6th ed.). Pearson.

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1990 - Individual with Disabilities Education Act

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1990 - Individual with Disabilities Education Act

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In 1990, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was enacted, establishing the foundation for Special Education. This law guarantees that all children with disabilities have access to a free and appropriate public education. Additionally, it ensures that students with disabilities receive the necessary services they require.

References:

Friend, M. (2023). Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals (6th ed.). Pearson.

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In 2002, the No Child Left Behind Act was introduced to promote equity within school systems. This legislation marked the first instance where states and districts were held accountable for disparities across all demographics in student achievement.

Reference:

Friend, M. (2023). Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals (6th ed.). Pearson.

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2015 - Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

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2015 - Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

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In 2015, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) provided states with greater flexibility regarding long-term accountability standards. Furthermore, ESSA protects our most at-risk students by guaranteeing access to essential resources and support. This act replaced the No Child Left Behind Act.

References:

Friend, M. (2023). Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals (6th ed.). Pearson.

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2015 - Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)