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The cotton gin was made by Eli Whitney in 1793 to automate the cotton industry. The cotton gin made it so one person could clear 50 pounds of cotton a day. This made it one of the most profitable crops, especially in the South, where the climate was preferable. The cotton gin, however, did not have a good impact on the eslaved population. The domestic slave populations went from 700,000 to about 4 million in

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The Abolitionist Movement was when several black and white leaders came together to fight against soaves in the North and South. Leaders like Fredrick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison published newspapers with anti-slave messages, they held speeches and organizations trying to get the message out. A large factor was the Underground Railroad, which was a network of secret routes and homes that helped slaves escape to free states. The leaders were getting mixed reviews from the public, with the southern states making stricter laws about keeping slavery and punishing those who helped slaves. Anti-abolitionists often became violent and would attack the leaders. The movement helped pave the way for recognizing racial prejudice, showing how cruel slavery is, and fighting for freedom in the decades that followed.

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One of the best land deals that was ever made where President Thomas Jefferson bought land for the U.S. from France. They paid $15 million for 828,000 square miles of land (3 cents per acre). The Territory stretched from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, and the Gulf of Mexico to Canada, which opened up new ports and trading opportunities as well as farming and settlement.

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The Lewis and Clark Expedition, or more officially known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was a journey set up by Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly purchased land from France. They wanted to learn more about the geography and land, as well as find new species and plants. The crew was made up of 33 people, one of whom was Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman there as a guide to help communicate with NAtive tribes. The exploration lasted 2 years, and the discoveries made along the way greatly helped the U.S with the understanding of their new land.

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1814-Rise of Mass Production and Industry

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1814-Rise of Mass Production and Industry

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The first Industrial Revolution changed how Americans lived and worked. Factories became the new norm with most people working in large buildings, operating machines that run on water or steam. In the 1820s, the Lowell Mill Girls, who were women ages 15-25, got to work at a textile factory. This opened the workforce for women. The rise of Industry brought social classes like the middle and working, along with the large-scale production of an abundance of products/ goods (textiles and cotton). Although many good things came from this growth, the environment was getting negatively impacted by pollution and the use of natural resources, as well as child labor and harsh working conditions in the new factories.

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1814-Rise of Mass Production and Industry

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1830- Indian Removal Act and Trail of Tears

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1830- Indian Removal Act and Trail of Tears

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President Andrew Jackson signed and enforced the harsh removal of the Native population through force and violence. Lots of tribes, including the Cherokee Nation, fought against the removal and even won the Worcester v. Georgia (1832). The removals continued, with the most well-known one being the Trail of Tears. 15,000 Cherokee people were forced to walk 1,000 miles in harsh winter conditions. 4,000 died on the walk. The events of the Indian Removal Act caused the loss of cultural land and traditions that are still remembered today.

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1830- Indian removal act and trail of tears

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1836- Texas and the Mexican-American War

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1836- Texas and the Mexican-American War

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For 9 years, Texas was an independent state until the US Annexed Texas, and in 1845, it became the 28th state. There was still tension between Mexico and Texas, so American troops were sent out to the disputed area, the Rio Grande/ Nueces River. The Mexican-American War started in 1846 when Mexican troops attacked American troops. The war ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe in Hidalgo. The treaty said that Mexico gave up half of its territory (What is now California, New Mexico, Arizona, and more) and the U.S. paid $15 million for it. The territory helped America with the idea of Manifest Destiny, but it also started a debate on slavery and increasing tension between states, making it a key factor in the beginning of the Civil War.

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1836- Texas and the Mexican-American War

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Before the 1820s, only white men who owned land were allowed to vote in elections. Expanding voting rights was pushed for as many states removed the requirement that property ownership was necessary. By 1828, when Andrew Jackson became president, all white men could vote regardless of whether they owned property or belonged to a particular religion. This was known as universal male suffrage.

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A term that was first used by John O' Sullivan in 1845, Manifest Destiny was thought to be the expansion of the United States that was both inevitable and led by god. America's destiny, according to Sullivan, was to spread capitalism and democracy across the land. This belief was made easier by the Continental Railroad and the Louisiana Purchase. Manifest Destiny is still an idea that's felt today because it influenced America's identity, values, and transformed it into a continental power.