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During the intercensal period, the Wayúu population grew from 270,413 people counted in 2005 to 380,460 in 2018, representing a total growth during the intercensal period of 40.7% and an annual growth rate of 2.6%. This significant growth can be explained by three factors. First, phenomena associated with the components of population dynamics (fertility, mortality and migration).

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Wayúu culture and customs are transmitted from one generation to the next through oral expression. To ensure the survival of this ethnic group, they promote cultural integration in the learning of Wayuunaiki.
The word wayunaiki is a lexical compound of: wayuú, anüiki, in Spanish it translates as "people" "language" "the language of the Wayúu". This aboriginal language is one of the oldest on the American continent, existing before colonisation and the Spanish conquest of 12 October 1492. Based on its linguistic and ethnological characteristics and archaeological evidence, the Wayunaiki language has been classified within the great Arawak linguistic family.

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Wayúu food is mainly composed of the sea and the land, which represents for this indigenous culture a deep connection with nature. From the sea they take food such as fish and seafood, and from the land they take what they grow, such as maize, guajiro beans, ahuyama, yucca, among others. They also use goat, goat, beef and bush meat.
"Ancestrally for the Wayuu, cooking is like the link or union between the family, as plans, conversations and meetings are held around the cooker"

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In terms of dress, the men wear a "guayuco" or short loincloth tied with a narrow band from which tassels hang for decorative purposes, a short rucksack and a knife. They wear a white shirt over their torso, a felt hat and unadorned leather sandals.
The women wear brightly coloured scarves on their heads and wear a long, loose-fitting, floor-length garment called a "manta". On their feet they wear leather sandals adorned with large coloured tassels that represent or symbolise the socio-economic status of the woman wearing them. On their chests they wear necklaces of archaeological beads called 'tumas'.

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Weaving for the Wuayúu community is more than a cultural practice and an inheritance from their ancestors, it is a way of conceiving and expressing life as they feel and desire it. It is an art that is thought out and enjoyed. The observation of their innumerable weavings allows them to read the spirit that guides their actions and thoughts.

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They raise sheep and goats and plant maize; they also make instruments such as drums and espadrilles made from old tyres. Wayúu women weave chinchorros or hammocks to sleep in, which may be engraved with the name of a Wayúu clan or family to which they belong.

There are also susu or ladies' purses with drawings of different meanings and colourful blankets that highlight the Wayúu beauty.

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The Wayúu community is mainly located in the department of La Guajira, distributed in 21 indigenous reservations, as well as outside ethnic territories. The population resides mainly in the municipalities of Uribia, Manaure, Maicao and Riohacha, although there is also a population in capital cities such as Bogotá and Manizales.
The Wayúu community is the largest indigenous community in the country, mainly concentrated in the middle and upper Guajira in semi-desert lands, and is a bi-national community that also resides in Venezuelan territory.

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The goat is the traditional animal that represents the Wayuu culture, which is the origin of this typical Wayuu dish. It is spelled friche.