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The war in Ukraine and the resulting sanctions imposed on Russia have caused a global energy crisis, leading to higher oil prices. India is a major importer of oil, and the high prices put a strain on the Indian economy.

The EU has banned import of Russian oil, and the US is pressuring other countries to reduce their oil imports from Russia. However, India has resisted these calls, arguing that it needs to protect its own energy security.

India has close ties with Russia, and it is reluctant to take steps that could damage these ties. Russia is a major supplier of arms and ammunition to India, and it is also a key partner in India's efforts to counter China.

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With India's growing energy needs, the high cost of oil is putting a strain on the Indian economy and is leading to inflation. The Indian government is under pressure from the public to take steps to reduce the price of oil.

The opposition parties in India have criticized the government's decision to continue buying Russian oil. They argue that the government should be doing more to reduce India's dependence on Russian energy.

The Indian public is divided on the issue of buying Russian oil. Some people support the government's decision as it is seen as a way to reduce the country's dependence on the West. Others believe that India should not be doing business with a country that is waging war against another sovereign state.

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Prime Minister Narendra Modi has made energy security a top priority of his government.

He has built a close relationship with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Modi's decision to buy Russian oil has been criticized by some, who argue that it undermines India's support for Ukraine and that it could have negative consequences for India's relations with the West. However, PM Modi has defended his decision, arguing that it is necessary to protect India's economic interests.

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Levi, I. (2023) 'August 2023 — Monthly analysis on Russian fossil fuel exports and sanctions,' Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air.

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The rational actor model can be best used to explain India's foreign policy decision to buy Russian oil.

This model assumes that states are rational actors that make decisions in order to maximize their national interests.

The Indian government believes that buying Russian oil avoids damaging India's ties with Russia, while promoting India's national interests by reducing the country's energy costs, protecting its economy, and maintaining its energy security.