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Many issues regarding the topic of slavery inhibited the start of the Civil War. These issues include

Popular Sovereignty

Bleeding Kansas

Scott v. Illinois

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When the Civil War began in 1861, every soldier fighting in the war had volunteered. However, after the passing of the Conscription Act in 1863, all men between ages 20 and 45 were subject to be drafted into the war. The only alternative was to pay a $300 draft exemption fee. This act sparked a riot in New York in 1863. During the riot a mostly Irish mob attacked Black and wealthy White people for fear that free African Americans would "take" their jobs if the Irish people were drafted to go to war. The riot resulted in roughly 117 casualties. The draft was temporarily suspended in order to calm the hostility created within the state.

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Video Spotlight: Abraham Lincoln & Habeas Corpus 

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Video Spotlight: Abraham Lincoln & Habeas Corpus 

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Suspending the Writ of Habeas Corpus During the Civil War: Abraham Lincoln and Executive Power, Pt 9

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Content summary:Women soldiers in the civil war

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Content summary:Women soldiers in the civil war

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The civil war was a time where men fought for the freedom of African Americans while women cared for their children or worked as nurses to support the cause. However, not all women were subject to this fate. Women disguised themselves as men to participate in warfare on both the confederacy and union side just like the men did even though it was forbidden. One example of this is Mary Owens who was discovered to be a woman after an arm injury which led to her discovery and return home after serving for 18 months. The use of women soldiers, although backed by much evidence, was often refuted by the US government and knowledge of female  soldiers was denied. The length of time women served in the army varied with some women lasting years in the army before  discharge and others barely lasting months. Even immigrant women participated in the civil war with Irish woman Albert D. J. Cashier served in around 40 battles during her service; only discovered to be a woman in 1913. Women were able to pass as men and assist in the war due to the fast admission process that required no identification and very brief physical checks. In the end most reveals of gender came from either injury, death, or capture by the opposing side which means many women were able to serve without being revealed as long as they avoided revealing themselves. Women knew the risk of serving in the army yet still served regardless of the danger. They showed true strength and bravery by enlisting themselves in the army and fighting for the cause they believed in.

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Clara Barton | Founder Of The American Red Cross

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What would be the result if women were not participating in the war effort by either working as medics on the battlefield or soldiers in combat?

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Content summary: The United States Colored Troops 

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Content summary: The United States Colored Troops 

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The United States Colored Troops were composed of all different groups of black regimen as well as a small number of Native American and Asian citizens to become a known group that fought in many battles for the union. These groups were headed by white officers serving as commanders. The United States Colored Troops served in all areas of the union war effort. They were most used to keep areas clear for other areas of the union and defended areas when their help was called upon. The United States Colored Troops were featured in many battles such as the battle of island mound in which the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers were influential in the victory of the union. Additionally The United States Colored Troops served in The Battle of the Crater, The Battle of Chaffin’s Farm, The Battle of Fort Wagner and the Battle of Nashville. Several of the members of the various regimen that comprised the United States Colored Troops were awarded nobel peace prize. The United States Colored Troops however, did have a high death rate compared to other soldiers fighting in the war with 35% of troops dying on the battlefield by the end of the war. In all the United States Colored Troops composed about one tenth of the union and proved themselves extremely helpful to the union with their dedication and assistance with the Union war effort during the civil war

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Content Summary: Massachusetts 54th regiment 

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Content Summary: Massachusetts 54th regiment 

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The  First African American regiment that was organized by the union became an anchoring point for the union in their fight against the confederacy. The Massachusetts 54th regiment was known best for their attack on Fort Wagner in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Their bravery encouraged the union and made them stronger. The Massachusetts 54th regiment's biggest battle was printed throughout the north because of sergeant William Carney who ran the american flag from the fallen flag holder into Fort Wagner to plant it and then successfully planted it into the ground. He then returned to the union line without letting the flag hit the ground once even though he was injured several times.  William Carney was the first African American to win a Nobel peace prize because of his bravery. With the attack on  Fort Wagner many casualties and injuries that happened  with over 500 people died in the stand against the Confederacy. After this event an act for equal pay between black and white soldiers was proposed by a black soldier and later passed.

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What is your opinion of African American soldiers fighting for the union during the civil war as far as their helpfulness in the war effort? Support your response.

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Robert E. Lee | Facing America's Deadliest Battle

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Currier & Ives | The Battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 3rd, 1863 | The Metropolitan Museum of Art

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Document Analysis: The Battle of Gettysburg

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Document Analysis: The Battle of Gettysburg

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Document Analysis: The Gettysburg Address 

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Document Analysis: The Gettysburg Address 

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Transcription:Gettysburg Address

Delivered at Gettysburg, Pa.

Nov. 19th 1863.

“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. “Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. “But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us,that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion, that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

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The Battle of Fort Sumter occurred from April 12 to 13, 1861, and was a pivotal event at the onset of the American Civil War. Located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, Fort Sumter was held by Union forces. Tensions between the North and the South had been escalating, mostly over the issue of slavery. As Confederate forces emerged, demanding the fort's surrender, Major Robert Anderson, the Union commander refused. The Confederates, led by General P.G.T. Beauregard, bombarded the fort for 34 hours. Despite facing severe shortages and damage, the Union eventually surrendered on April 13. Remarkably, there were no casualties during the bombardment. The fall of Fort Sumter intensified outrage and prompted President Abraham Lincoln to call for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion, officially beginning the Civil War. The battle's impact echoed throughout the nation, solidifying the divide of conflict for the next four years.

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Ulysses S. Grant - Civil War General & President Documentary

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William T. Sherman was born February 8th in 1820, he led Union forces in campaigns through the South, marching through Georgia and the Carolinas. After high school fought in Florida and later fought in the Mexican-American war. In July 1861 he was promoted to brigadier general but he did not want the position, he begged Lincoln not to promote him and Lincoln sent to kentucky as second in command under General Robert Henry. He later served under General Ulysses S.Grant and rose to the ranks of major general. He later joins the Atlanta campaign  to attack Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's confederate army in Atlanta. Sherman and Johnston regularly fought but  johnstons constants withdrawal pushed the confederate army retreat into atlanta. This infuriated the pres. of the confederates and had him replaced with a new Gen. John B. Hood. This battle became the bloodiest of Sherman's Atlanta campaign. Hood and Sherman continued to battle for the city of Atlanta throughout the summer until Hood was forced to surrender to Union forces on September 1, 1864.Sherman remained a soldier and when Grant became a full general in 1866, Sherman moved up to the rank of lieutenant general. When Grant became president in 1869, he made Sherman commanding general of the army until 1884.

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Content Summary: Sherman's March to the Sea (November 15, 1864)

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Content Summary: Sherman's March to the Sea (November 15, 1864)

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During 1864, Union Army General Ulysses S. Grant discussed ways to defeat the Confederate army with his generals. At the time, General William Sherman had an army consisting of 100,000 soldiers. In attempts to hinder the Confederate army, Sherman and his soldiers marched 285 from Chattanooga, Tennessee to Savannah, Georgia. During the march this Union army seized southern homes and destroyed barns, cotton fields, and whatever else laid in their path. This caused Confederate General Joseph E. Johnson to surrender in December of 1864. The march ended in South Carolina where General Sherman set fire to Columbia, South Carolina's capital in February of 1865.

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Which battle do you consider to have the biggest impact on the civil war?

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Theodore Ropp, Anacondas Anyone?, Military Affairs, Vol. 27, No. 2, Civil War Issue (Summer, 1963), pp. 71-76

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Content Summary:  The Civil War & Photography

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Content Summary:  The Civil War & Photography

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The Civil War was the first war to be documented in depth through photographs. A famous photographer during the United States Civil War was Mathew Brady. Brady took approximately 10,000 photographs during the Civil War. Despite the abundance of photos taken of the Civil War, the photography process was a long and tedious one, making the accomplishments of Mathew Brady and the private photographers he worked with even more commendable. Many of Mathew's popular works were taken in Virginia. They ranged from battle scenes to photos of dead soldiers to various camps where soldiers during the war resided. Being a photographer of war during the 1800s was a dangerous job not only because photographers had to get close to Civil War battles, but due to the photography process. Mathew Brady and other photographers had to use large bulky equipment and mix harsh chemicals by hand to capture the Civil War. Because of the contributions of Mathew Brady and his team, an incredibly large portion of the Civil War is still photographically documented to this day.

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On April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee, commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. The surrender marked the end of the American Civil War. The meeting between Lee and Grant took place in the parlor of Wilmer McLean's home. Grant, recognizing the impact of the occasion, offered a terms of surrender, allowing Confederate officers to keep their sidearms and permitting soldiers to return home without being prosecuted for treason. The surrender at Appomattox Court House was seen as a moment of reconciliation and the beginning of the nation's healing process. The Appomattox surrender is symbolic of the Union's victory and the unification of the United States after a devastating and divisive conflict. The events at Appomattox Court House are remembered as a significant chapter in American history, representing the hope for unity and the end of the Civil War.

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How could the Civil War have affected the everyday life of American citizens?