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'start' of universe

scientists are unsure what happened before

infinitely hot

infinitely small

the singularity

all matter, energy, space, and time are created

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immediately after Big Bang

no matter, only energy and superforce (gravity, strong nuclear, weak, electromagnetic)

gravity split from the superforce

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10^-43 seconds after Big Bang

strong nuclear, weak, and electromagnetic are all still a part of superforce

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10^-36 seconds after Big Bang

very hot

universe rapidly expanded

doubled it's size over 90 times

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10^-32 seconds after Big Bang

all forces of nature split from superforce, creating 4 distinct forces of nature

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10^-12 seconds after Big Bang

still too hot for subatomic particles to form

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10^-6 seconds after Big Bang

universe cooled down enough for protons and neutrons to form

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Radiation Era: Lepton Epoch and Nuclear Epoch

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Radiation Era: Lepton Epoch and Nuclear Epoch

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1 second and 100 seconds after Big Bang, respectively

Protons and neutrons formed to make nuclei

Helium was created

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200 million years after Big Bang

universe cooled down enough for electrons to attach to nuclei (recombination)

created hydrogen

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200 million years after Big Bang

atomic clouds of hydrogen and helium

gas inside clouds, creating gravity

light is created

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3 billion years after Big Bang

stars began to form

UV light is created

heat within stars created other elements

planets, moons, life, came from the other elements

present day