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Assistive Technologies
1. Alerting Systems These systems can alert people who are deaf or hard of hearing by using lights, high-frequency sounds and vibrating notifications that work by way of traditional alarms
2. Instant Messaging (IM)
Instant Messaging is a form of real-time communication between two or more people based on typed text.
3. Internet Captioned Telephone Service
Make and receive phone calls using a telephone that displays real-time captions of phone conversations visible on your computer’s Internet browser or on a screen embedded on the base of your telephone.
4. Telephone Relay Service (TRS)
Allows people who are Deaf, Hard of Hearing, Deaf-Blind or Speech-Impaired to place calls to standard telephone users via a keyboard or assistive device.
5. Video Chat (Videophone Chatting)
Interact in real time using audio and video technology by using a computer, tablet or wireless device.
6. Video Relay Service (VRS)
Allows non-signing individuals to communicate with people whose primary language is American Sign Language (ASL).
https://www.ncdhhs.gov/divisions/services-deaf-and-hard-hearing/assistive-technology-deaf-and-hard-hearing

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Understanding Deafness - Educational Video

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Assistive Technology
1. Audiobooks
Audiobooks are frequently recommended as an alternative to traditional reading. For younger children, teachers can use the AbleNet Bookworm to transform any book into an audiobook. Older kids might appreciate a better variety of stories found on subscription websites like Audible.
2. Text-to-Speech Software
A text-to-speech software could help students to gain control of what they need to say. With one of these programs, they can type out what they want to share while the computer reads it out loud for them. Many computers come with this software built into the hard drive, so all educators need to do is teach students how to use it appropriately.
3. FM Systems
Sometimes, students with developmental delays have a difficult time understanding and processing all of the sounds that bombard them in the classroom. FM systems can help by connecting the teacher and student in an audible way with radio broadcast technology. The student holds the receiver while the teacher has a microphone. This arrangement allows the student to hear the teacher more clearly without interference from classmates and other background noises. It is an ideal assistive technology for a child who also has hearing issues and may wear hearing aids.
https://www.thetechedvocate.org/assistive-technology-to-help-students-with-developmental-delays-succeed-academically/

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Assistive Technology
"The Talklight - its light flashes according to noise in the room. Helps teach self-monitoring of noise levels and positive reinforcements.
Music Players - iPods, mp3 players, and other devices can be used in the classroom to play music and sounds to promote focus and calm.

Reminder Devices - simple vibrations or other observable signals remind a student of their focus behavior
Multi-sensory Integrated Technology Programs offer complete sensory cues, prompts, and lessons for social and emotional engagement."
Source: prezi.com. 2022. Assistive Technology for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. [online] Available at: <https://prezi.com/ptlrwxm4zqgk/assistive-technology-for-emotional-and-behavioral-disorders/> [Accessed 14 February 2022].

Accommodations
"-Extended Time for Tests, Projects, Assignments, and Quizzes
-Access to the Guidance Counselor Whenever Needed
-Take Test in Alternate Location in Building or In a Small Group Setting
-Preferential Seating
-Use of a Timer or Visual Timer"
Source: Education and behavior. 2022. 22 School Accommodations Available for Children with Special Needs. [online] Available at: <http://educationandbehavior.com/what-accommodations-are-available-for-students-with-disabilities/> [Accessed 14 February 2022].

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Assistive Technology
"- Personal FM systems
- Captioning for lessons involving audio or video (A/V) upon request [Federal Law]
- Teletypewriter (TTY)
- Telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD)
- Voice to text software programs
- CART  Communication Real-Time Translation"
Source:Cchatsacramento.org. 2022. Assistive Technology for Children with Hearing Impairment in the Classroom | CCHAT Sacramento. [online] Available at: <https://www.cchatsacramento.org/blog-and-events/assistive-technology-for-children-with-hearing-impairment-in-classroom> [Accessed 14 February 2022].

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What is Intellectual disability (ID)?

Intellectual disability is an impairment that affects:

Intellectual ability, such as learning, problem solving…

Adaptive ability, such as communication and independent living skills.

About 1% of the population is affected by intellectual disability.

Standardized and psychometrically tests are used to diagnose intellectual disability.

Cause and Diagnosis of Intellectual disability (ID)

Various factors could cause intellectual disability. One could be genetic, such as Down syndrome or Fragile X syndrome. Exposure to toxins, brain malformation, head trauma/injury could contribute to it among others.

Full-scale IQ score is not sufficient to diagnose intellectual disability, it requires clinical judgment that considers the individual context.

Interventions

In general,  intellectual disability is a life-long condition.

Medical, social and technological interventions can be implemented to improve and empower intellectually disabled and their families, and facilitates full inclusion in the community.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IDEA, requires every illegible child to receive free special education and related services, by law!

Assistive technology and accommodations for Intellectual disability (ID)

People with ID greatly benefit from using assistive technology in improving the quality of life, inclusion and participation in life.

Common examples of assistive technologies include:

Spectacles

Hearing aids, screen reader or text to speech device/program

Wheelchairs and Prosthetics

Organizing tools: Pill organizer, graphic organizer…

Various targeted intervention training such as on organization and social skill can be given to accommodate their needs

Sources:
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/intellectual-disability/what-is-intellectual-disability
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/
https://do2learn.com/disabilities/CharacteristicsAndStrategies/IntellectualDisability_Strategies

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Low Tech
Pencil grips can be good low tech devices to use for students with multiple disabilities. They can help students with a physical disability or those who have problems with fine motor skills. They can also be used for sensory purposes to help students who are on the autism spectrum. These can help control their handwriting, teach them how to hold a pencil, or sharpen their fine motor skills. Pencil grips may be distracting for some students and they will pay more attention to the different grips instead of the assignment.

Mid Tech
Wheel chairs can be used to assist students with a physical disability or motor skill deficit. This will allow students to get around easily and they can be used independently. Students in wheel chairs may struggle to get around if there are a lot of people in a hallway, not enough room in the classroom, or a mess on the floor. They may also have to take longer routes to get from one place to another if there isn't an elevator or ramp nearby and they need to go to a different floor. Another mid tech device is a screen magnifier. This can be used for students with a vision impairment and can also help students with ADD/ADHD if they need to focus on a certain section of a paper or website. Students may get distracted using this tool if they started to magnify random sections without actually focusing on the assignment. This only works online so tablets or computers must be present in order to use this device.

High Tech

Clicker 7 is a program with many features to assist someone with multiple disabilities. One of the features pictured above is voice notes. Students can practice vocally recording their sentences before writing. Once the recording is finished a little bubble will pop up as seen above. After recording what they want to say, they start typing and if they forget what they were going to say they can listen to their recording again. Clicking on the buttons allows the student to listen to their note. A maximum of 6 voice notes can be added to a document at a time, so some students may struggle to get all of their ideas organized into just 6 voice notes. If the environment is too noisy, it may be hard to hear their voice note when listening to it again. The other image shown above highlights the accessibility of the program. It is a touch-screen friendly program; an on-screen keyboard is available for students to use. A feature called SuperKeys is available. They are big, brightly colored keys for students who may have physical challenges and low vision. SuperKeys also enlarges the text already on the screen. If there is a lot of text on the screen a student may find it hard to navigate through the text. Clicker 7 also has eye gaze and switch access available in their accessibility menu. Students may need help finding these different options, so Clicker 7 may be a difficult program for students to use by themselves. It is also an expensive program.

By Ghia Ezzedine

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1. Accessibility and Classroom Layout
2. Special Furniture
3. Modified Writing aids
4. Modified Lesson Plans and Classroom Activities
5. Inclusive Classroom
Citation : https://www.brighthubeducation.com/special-ed-inclusion-strategies/71197-having-a-child-with-an-orthopedic-impairment-in-the-class/

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1. Alternate Grip tools
2. Book stands and Slant boards
3. E-books : Kindle and i-pads
Citation :https://assistedtechnology.weebly.com/at-tools-for-physical-needs-meredith-chen.html

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#10 Other Health Impairment(ADHD) - Spenser

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#10 Other Health Impairment(ADHD) - Spenser

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1.) One great tool for ADHD would be video lectures. I know I often space out during live or video lectures. With video lectures, it's nice to be able to easily skip back 20 seconds.

2.) Acer also recommends their stylus pen which can digitally store notes while recording the class audio and automatically sync these two up. See here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0CTWggsdl8

3.) Finally, text to speech can be a great tool. A kid can focus on getting it all down on paper an then go back and work out any grammar issues without having to focus on spelling. The child will be able to focus on one task at a time.

https://acerforeducation.acer.com/education-trends/inclusive-education/how-edutech-can-help-students-suffering-from-adhd/

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M2.U3 Acitivity 2 - Assistive Technologies for Intervention

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Incidence
Speech and language impairments are considered a high-incidence disability. Approximately 20% of children receiving special education services are receiving services for speech and language disorders. This estimate does not include children who receive services for speech and language disorders that are secondary to other conditions such as deafness. services.http://www.projectidealonline.org/v/speech-language-impairments/

Assistive technologies
1. Unaided communication systems-Examples include gestures, body language, and/or sign language.
2.Low-tech AAC - Any type of aid that does not require batteries or electricity. This includes things like a simple pen and paper to write messages on, as well as pictures boards.
3.High-tech AAC - Any aid that requires electricity or batters. This includes specialized devices, software, smartphone applications, electronic communication boards, and keyboards.see here
https://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=613892&p=4265891

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M2.U3 Acitivity 2 - #13 Traumatic Brain Injury

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I chose this topic because I thought it would be easy to highlight text to speech programs. However, a great article by Nora Mork (Mork 2019) cited some incredible additional EdTech resources.

1.) Braille Notetaker
A product called BrailleNote Apex allows students to use a braille or QWERTY keyboard and even includes a word processor and email service. Other plugins are available as well.
Noteworthy, blind students often become more adept at typing due to their inability to "cheat" as I do, by looking at the keyboard.

2.) Audio Exam Players
These can allow the student to complete an exam independently when they would otherwise need a teacher reading the test for them.

3.) Virtual Pencil
This software helps students with vision impairment work through math problems. It can be coupled with a screen reader to display problems audibly or in braille.

4.) Typing Instruction
While blind students can become more adept at typing, learning it may be tougher. The TypeAbility Typing Instruction program is recommended for visually impaired students.

5.) Audible by Amazon
Of course, the classic audiobook app!

Adapted from:
Mork, N. 2019, June 6. 5 Great Ways to Use EdTech for Students with Visual Impairments. https://www.perkinselearning.org/technology/blog/5-great-ways-use-edtech-students-visual-impairments