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Justinian expanded trade

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Despite many physical barriers such as deserts, Islam spread on the trade routes between Mecca and Medina.

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Muslim armies were blocked from expanding into Europe when they were defeated by the Franks in 732 AD at the Battle of Tours

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The separation between Western and Eastern Christianity.

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The Crusaders attacked, conquered, and pillaged the city of Constantinople, a goal that the Muslims had been trying achieve for centuries

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Mongol invasion destroyed much of the irrigation infrastructure

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Because of Mansa Musa, Mali grew to become twice the size of Ghana.

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Because of Mansa Musa, Mali grew to become twice the size of Ghana.

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A man name Mansa Musa became leader of Mali.  He was a devout Muslim.

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Two great rulers named: 1. Sunni Ali 2. Askia Muhammad