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TASK OF THE DAY
Work in your project groups and watch this video on Passive voice. From the video, identify:
a) Why do we use passive voice in English?
b) Provide examples of where we can find passive voice being used.
c) Identify the steps in changing an active sentence to a passive sentence.
d) Find an article/website/blog/social media post that uses passive voice.
Post your answers & the article in Padlet. Please identify your groups.

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How to use the Passive Voice 😅 English Grammar Lesson

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Inference is a "foundational skill" — a prerequisite for higher-order thinking and 21st century skills (Marzano, 2010)
Inference can be defined as the process of drawing of a conclusion based on the available evidence plus previous knowledge and experience.

Activity : Each group is to choose one picture and come up with an inference based on the following questions:
a) What is going on in this picture?
b) What do you see that makes you say that?
c) What more can you find?

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Write the inference from the following sentences.

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a) Waiting for the promotion that is on Saturday
- homeless
- staying inside the mall to wait for discounts
- have been kicked out of the house
- the house's electricity bill has been cut

b)- because that person bring the blanket  tiny mattress, jacket and trolley inside the picture
- because that person bring sale template along with him

c) - the man in the picture is day dreaming because thinking of his fate.
- the man in the picture is waiting for the opening time

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A. The man who is sitting over there is blind but he is imagining himself that he could see and enjoy the beautiful view near the slide door. The lady with the children visited him and taught the children about his positivity and confidence level.

B. The man's eyes looks like he is blind and he is smiling at the children.

C. It seems that he has some disabilities which might be the blindness as he treated with care at a particular place with closed glass door.

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A)  - The photo is probably taken somewhere Indonesia
-A couple of townsfolk people are relaxing on the train tracks.

B)-People are lying down on the train tracks
- They were trying to experience  something new
- They were probably having some kind of protest

C) -All of them are not wearing any shoes whatsoever
- They are unaware of the danger that they are in

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a) The man in the hole filled with water was hiding from the law enforcement but he eventually got caught when he peeked out of the water.

b) By the expression of the man when he got caught and had an eye contact with the law enforcement on a bike.

c) - somewhere in south america
- the road is under construction
- the man in the water is a foreigner
- a crowded city
- badly mantained city
- vandalism occured

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In this photo, the child is jumping across the waste dump. Because the child is finding joy in the midst of a war torn environment. Most kids when they jump, they are greeted by the warmth of their parents hands while the child in this photo is greeted by a cold pile of trash. A pure child in an impure world.

A stark contrast between two different worlds in one planet. Joy resides where people think it resides.

Half glass full or half glass empty. It is all about perspective.

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a) The train they rode before broke down so they are waiting for another train.
- They only use one railway.
b) There is no specific waiting area so they are waiting on the railway.
c)  A train coming from another railway.

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a.
-Six people jump from a high board onto the stage.
-It appears as if they want to escape this place.

b. The platform on the left side of the images appears to be a pool platform block.

c. some of the people in the photograph are performing backflips

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Question A
- There are some people doing activity that requires professional skills.
- There are 6 people doing parkour

Question B
-  The activity of moving rapidly through an area, typically in an urban environment, negotiating obstacles by running, jumping, and climbing. it made me to say that and it's my interesting activity.
- The action they were doing can’t be simply done by anyone

Question C
- They are having so much fun to be able to perform the activity.
-  there is a big building near them in the picture. the big building seems dangerous that only people who loves doing parkour did it
- seems people who tends to do parkour loves to do extreme sports
- The big building seems dangerous to jump that far, that only people who love doing parkour take the risk to have fun in extremely way.

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(a) The prisoners are jumping from a high diving board, as if it is their last request of entertainment before the punishment.
(b) They are wearing striped shirts. And are jumping from the high diving board.
(c) They did not wear any shoes and are jumping happily

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https://www.sfbar.org/blog/legal-writing-tip-choose-the-active-voice/#:~:text=In%20active%20voice%2C%20the%20subject,s%5D%20into%20the%20sentence.%E2%80%9D

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Edit the following sentences for wordiness.
1. I am writing you in regard to your email dated 4th March 2021.
2. John is a person who succeeds at everything he does.
3. Sarah left in an abrupt manner.
4. Owing to the fact that he was ill, Barry did not go to work.
5. Many people here in the city of Louisville enjoy sky diving.
6. Students use the library for research purposes.
7. She lives in the vicinity of Damansara Utama.
8. He acted in a suspicious manner.
9. In the last few days, she recently decided to attend law school.
10. He studied abroad in France.

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What is the action?
Who is doing it?
Objects?

1.     The board made an announcement about the plan to reduce its debt.

2.     The negotiations on the deal involve both parties.

3.     The meeting will require the involvement of all main players.

4.     We are open to working together to find solutions to the problem.

5.     Why are you refusing to take part in the questioning regarding the bankruptcy.

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passive voice

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Resources page for passive voice

Notes on passive voice

Quizzes - multiple choice / short answer

Passives multiple choice quiz 1
Mulitple-choice quiz illustrating the difference between passive and active forms.

Passive or active? Wine making
Fifteen sentences describing the process of wine making. The user must choose either an active or passive form.

Use and forms of the passive voice
Ten-question multiple-choice quiz with feedback

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Advanced level passive voice quiz focusing on style, the position of new and given information in sentences and the choice of active or passive verbs.

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SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE - BLACK MIRROR (NETFLIX)

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SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE - BLACK MIRROR (NETFLIX)

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Where is the woman and what does she do in the clip?

- she was at a coffee shop & ordering a cup of coffee and cookies.
- uploading a picture of her meal into social media

What seems to make her happy?

- likes and approvals from people in the social media world

What kind of person do you think she is

- attention seeking and a people pleaser.

How is the world shown different from today

- everyone is stuck with their phones like a zombie and busy uploading their life on social media

How has technology affected people’s behavior

- people become more compulsive and addicted to their phones
- people are far more worry about other people’s approval rather than themselves

What is the main character’s actual feelings towards the food at the cafe?

- conflicted & heavily contemplating.
- disgust and regret
- The food wasn’t even that good. It was just heavily marketed on social media
- this is known as “fear of missing out” or FOMO

What do you think is the main theme of the episode is?

- how technology influences our choices
- how technology become a gateway for approval

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1. She's at the cafe and bought some foods and drinks to blog about
2. Rating from others
3. the kind of person that wanted attention
4. Not much because people still wanted the acknowledgment of others through the internet
5. people became too dependant on others' opinions to feel better about themselves
6. she does not enjoy it
7. society standards that are set by social media influences

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1.       She is at the café buying coffee and cookies.

2.       Increased rating.

3.       She is a narcissistic.

4.       In that world everyone is judged by ratings.

5.       The technology has made more people judgemental and addicted to social media.

6.       She doesn’t like the food.

7. Social media

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1. She's at outside of the restaurant. She seems to be rating everything and everyone.
2. She feels happy when people give her compliments and positive ratings.
3. She is a very positive person and thinks well of everyone she sees.
4.The world is certainly very different, where we can judge a person's personality by just looking at the numbers that others judge a person, using advanced technology at the time.
5.The technology has affected people to be a little fake in terms of their expressions.
6.The food was horrible and she did not like it.
7.The theme for the episode is to tell how a person want to find happiness in their own way and feel satisfied with the choices he or she has made by using apps.

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1. The woman is having a tea time at the café that have a lot of people with 'high rating'. The truth is she just want to take a picture and upload to social media to get 'like' and rate, she doesn't really want to have a tea time at there.
2. she seems happy because of her individual's rate increased.
3. She's a person who would fake things to make her feel better.
4. The world is relied on what we show on social media and it is not as what it is. People nowadays are very judgemental  and would do anything just to make themselves feel better OR  it could also be as, people wanna make them feel better by doing anything because they might be going through a hard day, week, and things like that might brighten up their day.
5 People's behaviors start to change when they get addicted to gadgets and not getting to do social interactions
6 The main character loved the food while she looking at it .
7 the theme is to let us think that the society can change our behavior and  it all based on the rankings.

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1.     Where is the woman and what does she do in the clip?

The women is at the cafe. She ordered a cup of coffee and a smiley face biscuit aside.     She sat at the table, took a picture of the coffee and post it on social media

2.      What seems to make her happy?

People started giving her lots of star rating

3.      What kind of person do you think she is?

She is not genuinely kind and happy. She is faking all of it so that people would give her lots of the star rating and her rate will go higher.

4.     How is the world shown different from today?

People there rate people based on ratings

5.     How has technology affected people's behaviour?

People became overly reliant on the opinions of others in order to feel better about themselves.

6.      What is the main character’s actual feelings towards the food at the café?

She isn't fond of the food.

7.     What do you think the main theme of the episode is?

Social media is important nowadays.

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1. The woman is in the café and she is seen dining in the cafe

2. She got 5 stars and the approvals from other people, making her feel validated

3. She's very well-absorbed with the contemporary trend of prioritising the virtual life glam and actually isn't being true to herself.

4. The world shown in different in the view that in the present, people still socialise with the value of humanity within themselves. However, in the clip, people are seen always on their phones and seeking for online approval to feel better

5. Technology has affected people in the sense that they only socialise with others to seek their approval on their social media
5. They tend to be disconnected from the reality most of the time, not truthfully being engaged with themselves deep inside as well as with other people around them in real life as they are more inclined to chasing after the temporary happiness in their virtual life.

6. She's actually not into the foods at all.

7. The fake bliss of the virtual life glam.
7. The theme for the episode is identity. This is because the characters in the episode are often seeking validation from others as a boost of self esteem. The validation or ratings given by others is clearly seen as contributing to their definition of identity

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1. Where is the woman and what does she do in the clip?

She in coffee shop and she do the great thing to others people to get the great score from one app

2. What seems to make her happy?

She gets more score when she does nice thing.

3 What kind of person do you think she is?

She very friendly and cheerful people.

4 How is the world shown different from today?

today’s world is very different because today people will get to know or get to know us better through posts on social media.

5 How has technology affected people's behavior?

technology has its pros and cons to human behavior, the good with technology makes our lives easier while the catch is sometimes technology destroys our good attitude as we are influenced by the bad attitude of people.
6.what is the main characters actually feelings towards food at that café?
she actually feel that the food is bad

7.What do you think the main theme of the episode is?

Social media controlled our life.

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1.       ADAM DANIEL

2.       ADAM HARITH

3.       WAN SYAKIRUL

4.       LACKSHAEA

(A) We use passive voice in English because :

1. We don’t want to say who or what did the action

2. We don’t know who did the action

3. The object is the most important part of the sentence

(B) Provide examples of where we can find passive voice being used

1. The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday.

2. The treaty is being signed by the two kings

3. All the reservations are being made by the wedding planner.

4. Instructions will be given to you by the director.

5. The house was remodeled by the homeowners to help it sell.

(C) To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following:

1.)     Move the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject slot.

2.)    Place the active sentence's subject into a phrase beginning with the preposition by.

3.)    Add a form of the auxiliary verb be to the main verb and change the main verb's form.

(D)https://www.recipegoulash.com/recipes/cooking-recipes-in-passive-voice/

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Cooking Recipes In Passive Voice - Easy Recipes

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Possible food etc to describe with the passive voice aluminium foil silver foil aubergine egg plant bagel bamboo shoots barley batter bean curd tofu beansprouts bitter gourd black pepper blender food mixer bonito flakes bread broth stock brown rice white rice buckwheat noodles butter champagne champ…

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1. Naily Ashikin

2. Aliyah Afifah

3. Disa Azureena

4. Nurul Maisarah

5. Malavika Lin

a) Why do we use passive voice in English?

Because we want to change the focus of the sentence and highlight the most important thing that becomes the main subject of the sentence.

Ex: -The children ate the cake - active

-The cake was ate by the children- passive

b) Provide examples of where we can find passive voice being used.

Formal document

Daily life

Ex: - Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years

-The mouse was being chased by the cat

- The house was being painted when I arrived

c) Identify the steps in changing an active sentence to a passive sentence.

- Identify the subject, the verb and the object of the active sentence

- Move the object to become the new subject of the sentence

- Identify in the active sentence “ what is the verb tense in the active sentence?”

- Conjugate the verb “be”

- Add the past participle of the main verb after ‘be’

- Decide the subject of the active sentence

d) Find an article/website/blog/social media post that uses passive voice.

https://www.wmur.com/article/lee-new-hampshire-bank-robbery-32922/39574705

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a) Why do we use passive voice in English?

1. We don't want to say anything about the action.

2. We don't know who committed the action

3. The most important part of the sentence is the object

b) Provide examples of where we can find passive voice being used.

Sometimes we use the passive voice because we don't know or do not want to express who performed the action e.g. I noticed that a window had been left open.

The passive voice is often used in formal texts e.g. A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a few well-chosen words.

If we want to say who or what performs the action while using the passive voice, we use the preposition by. When we know who performed the action and are interested in him e.g. "A Hard Day's Night" was written by the Beatles.

c) Identify the steps in changing an active sentence to a passive sentence.

1. Identify the subject, the verb and the object

2. Move the object to become the new subject of the sentence

3. What is the verb tense in the active sentence

4. Conjugate the verb ‘be’

5. Add the past participle of the main verb after ‘be’

6. Subject of the active sentence

d) Find an article/website/blog/social media post that uses passive voice.

https://youtu.be/7FBr-G0ur9I

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Qurratu Ain Mardiah
Farah Nurin
Nur Ain Sofea
Harshanaa Narayanasamy
Harpreet Kaur

a) Why do we use passive voice in English?

You do not want to say or know who or what did the action and the object is the most important part of the sentence .

b) Provide examples of where we can find passive voice being used.

1.The ball was thrown by the boy.
2. The seashell was found by the girl in the white hat.
3. The decorations for the party were created by Jessica.
4. The stuffed animal was well loved by the little girl.
5. All the reservations are being made by the wedding planner.

c) Identify the steps in changing an active sentence to a passive sentence.

1. The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence or in other words an agent of by phrase.
2. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
3. If the subject of the active sentence is a subject pronoun, it is changed to an object pronoun in a passive sentence.
4. If the object of the active sentence is an object pronoun, it is changed to a subject pronoun in the passive sentence.
5. A to-be verb is used before the past participle in the passive sentence according to its tense.
6. If the main verb of an active sentence is intransitive, it cannot be changed to a passive sentence.

d) Find an article/website/blog/social media post that uses passive voice.

https://mediablog.prnewswire.com/2020/08/26/passive-voice-in-journalism-how-to-wield-it-responsibly/

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The protests that erupted across the country in May sparked a major discussion about racial inequality and justice. But they started another conversation as well - one about the role of journalists in shaping narratives and how that power could be used responsibly and with intention. Discussions opened up across social media, and even at major news outlets, about the ways writers can consciously and unconsciously project bias.

One tactic that comes up again and again is the use of passive voice.

Whether you're writing a hard-hitting news piece or an opinion column for the web, it's important to be mindful of the rhetorical strategies you're utilizing to ensure your writing matches up with your intent. So let's take a minute to talk about the passive voice and how it can be used - and abused - in writing.

What Is Passive Voice?

In a normal English sentence, the subject comes before the verb:

In a passive sentence, this order is reversed:

Quite often, a passive sentence drops off the main subject altogether:

This obscures the subject of the sentence. The ball is not "doing" anything - it is an object, not a subject. A good rule of thumb for identifying passive voice is to watch for "being" verbs such as "was" or "is"; these verbs often describe a state of being rather than a state of action.

How Can Passive Voice Be Problematic?

Passive voice can be an issue stylistically. It can add extra or unnecessary words to a sentence and obscure meaning. Passive language can also come off as vague, stiff, or formal and can hide an individual's actions.

Consider:

The window was broken after a ball went through it.

vs.

Not only is the second sentence shorter and clearer, it makes it obvious what happened and who is responsible.

Using rhetorical strategies to obscure actions or avoid naming the subject of a sentence can be used to obscure cause-and-effect or shift responsibility. And, when applied uncritically, it can reflect the underlying biases of a journalist - such as this well-circulated example from the New York Times.

Are There Good Times to Use Passive Voice?

At times, passive voice is a necessary part of your writing toolkit. By default, passive voice lays its focus on the object of a sentence, or the thing being acted upon. In many journalistic endeavors, that means the victim of an alleged crime. In some cases, it may be logical to put the victim at the center of a message, especially if the perpetrator is unknown. Being careful not to disclose sensitive information is a reason that can justify passive sentence constructions.

But any time you catch yourself writing one of these sentences, it pays to pause and consider why you've chosen that method of explaining. Is the sentence clearer? Is the information really more truthful or easily understood?

Or might you have a different reason for writing a sentence like, "Sally died in police custody after being restrained"?

The sentence above is common, and it's even the convention for many. But writing it in that way effectively absolves the police in this scenario from an active role. It's not clear why Sally died, or whether the restraints caused or led to her death - merely that her death happened "after." In some cases, this may be the most information that you have. But in many other cases, that's not true; the conventional sentence construction works to uphold power structures that extend far beyond the rules of grammar.

Be Mindful of Passive Voice in Your Writing.

So the next time you sit down to write an article or blog post, be mindful of the language you use and whom you place in the active and passive roles of your sentences - and what meaning that may be conveying to your readers.

Subscribe to Beyond Bylines to get media trends, journalist interviews, blogger profiles, and more sent right to your inbox.
Tiana Gibbs is an Associate Customer Content Specialist with PR Newswire moonlighting as a freelance copywriter. When not writing for the web, she can be found trying (and sometimes failing) to build an urban homestead in the Land of Enchantment.

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Passive Voice in Journalism: How to Wield It Responsibly | Beyond Bylines

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The protests that erupted across the country in May sparked a major discussion about racial inequality and justice. But they started another conversation as well - one about the role of journalists in shaping narratives and how that power could be used responsibly and with intention.

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Group Members:
1. NADINE MISHA
2. ELISHA CASSANDRA
3. NUR AUNI
4. LOO ZI SIN
5. SITI RADHIATUL HUMAIRA

a) To show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. Besides that, English speakers also frequently use the passive voice.

b) The passive voice is used when we want to focus attention on the person or thing affected by the action. Normally, the performer of the action, or the agent, comes first and is made the subject of the verb and then we use the active form of the verb. The other person or thing is made the object of the verb.

*EXAMPLES:*
1. She was invited to the party by the boss.
2. Three hundred people are employed by the construction company in Station Road.

c)
Step 1 : Identify the subject , the verb and the object of the active sentence.

Step 2 : Move the object to become the new subject of the sentence.

Step 3 : Check the active sentence. In the active sentence, what is the verb tense? This is essential because the passive voice exists in various tenses, so we must check what tenses the active sentence is in to make the passive sentence correct.

Step 4: Conjugate the word ‘be’ to make it the same tense as the main verb in the active sentence. Change the ‘be’ verb to the past simple to become ‘was’ or ‘were’, depending on the new subject.

Step 5: Add the past participle of the main verb after ‘be’

Step 6: subject of the active sentence. In the passive voice, you don’t have to include the thing that is doing the action. However, you can add it to the end of your sentence with the word ‘by’.

d) https://www.dcu.ie/sites/default/files/students/pm_16-4-20_passive_voice.pdf

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group members:
Miqail
Faheem
Azriel Syahiran
Nazurah Qaisara
Chikrawan

a)    Why do we use passive voice in English?

When we wish to draw attention to the person or object who is being harmed by an action, we use the passive voice. In most cases, the action's performer, or agent, comes first and is made the verb's subject, after which the active form of the verb is used. The verb's subject is changed to another person or thing.

b)    Provide examples of where we can find passive voice being used.

The subject of each sentence does nothing in each of these examples. The sentence's topic, on the other hand, is changed. The attention is on the action's target in each circumstance. The active voice could also be used to write these statements. For example, the owners sold the company for $5 million.

c)    Identify the steps in changing an active sentence to a passive sentence.

Firstly, put the passive noun which is the object before the verb. Secondly, put the active noun after the verb, and add "by" just in front of it or  discard the active noun. Next, Add 'to be' in front of the main verb as in the same form as the main verb

Lastly, change the main verb to the past participle form.

d)    Find an article/website/blog/social media post that uses passive voice.

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AININ MAISARAH, ANDREA VARSHINI, NUR BAITISYA ELLISA, SRUTHI A/P JEGAN

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AININ MAISARAH, ANDREA VARSHINI, NUR BAITISYA ELLISA, SRUTHI A/P JEGAN

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a) Why do we use passive voice in
English?

For starters, we don't want to say who or what committed the action in question. Perhaps we want to avoid responsibility for something we did and avoid getting into trouble because we don't know who did the action. Not only that, but it is also because the object is the most important or wonderful in that sentence. As a result, we can use passive voice to shift its focus of the sentence.

b) Provide examples of where we can find passive voice being used.

1) Newspaper
The passive sentences are quite used in the newspaper to determine the context without mentioning the accuser or the exact person.

2)Scientific reports & legal documents
The fact that most of these documents are objective diminishes the subject in the sentences.

3) Daily conversation
Occurred in the situation where a baby was born that prioritise the object. For example, I was born on 8th October 2003.

4) Movie's Dialogue
To ensure that the context of the movie could be delivered in a relatable manner through dialogue.

c) Identify steps in changing active sentence to passive sentence

Step 1: Identify Subject, Verb and Object
Step 2: Move the object to become the sentence's new subject.
Step 3: Check the verb tense in the active sentence
Step 4: Conjugate 'be' verb
Step 5: Add past participle after 'be' verb
Step 6: Subject of the active sentence (at the end of the sentence)

d) Find an article/website/blog/social media post that uses passive voice

https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/gold-ornaments-stolen-from-house/article31936531.ece

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The house of an expatriate at Nedumthodu near Perumbavoor was allegedly broken into, and gold ornaments weighing over 15 sovereigns were stolen sometime between 11 p.m. on Friday and 5.30 a.m. on Saturday.

The aged mother of the house owner and his wife and children were sleeping in a bedroom on the ground floor even as the theft took place on the first floor.

According to the police, the front door was broken, and the thief/thieves climbed the flight of stairs to the first floor and broke into the almirah and stole the ornaments. Heavy rain probably helped them pull off the theft without the knowledge of those in the house.

The Perumbavoor police have registered a case.

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The house of an expatriate at Nedumthodu near Perumbavoor was allegedly broken into, and gold ornaments weighing over 15 sovereigns were stolen sometime between 11 p.m. on Friday and 5.30 a.m. on Saturday. The aged mother of the house owner and his wife and children were sleeping in a bedroom on the ground floor even as the theft took place on the first floor.

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Group members: Keerthana, Rosmawati, Rieashini, Fabian, Venessa. 

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Group members: Keerthana, Rosmawati, Rieashini, Fabian, Venessa. 

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A) The passive voice is used when we want to focus attention on the person or thing affected by the action. Normally, the performer of the action, or the agent, comes first and is made the subject of the verb and then we use the active form of the verb. The other person or thing is made the object of the verb and also some people dont want to say or what did of the action or maybe they dont know who did the action, however the object ist the most important of the sentence.

B) Newspapers By the journalist, scientific report and legal documents.

C) Steps:
1) Identify the subject, the verb and the object.

2) Move the object to become the new subject of the sentence.

3) Identify the verb tense in the active sentence.

4) Conjugate the verb 'be'.

5) Add the past participle of the main verb after 'be'.

6) Subject of the active sentence.

D) https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/03/31/eight-evacuated-after-landslide-hits-kg-kemensah

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AMIR SYABIL
AHAMAD DARWISY
MUHAMMAD IQBAL
AYRA MYSARA
NURUL NABIHAH

a) Why do we use passive voice in English?
-Passive voice is often used when not wanting to say who or what did the action, you don’t know who did the action, or the object is the most important aspect of the sentence.

b) Provide examples of where we can find passive voice being used.
-Passive voice can often be found in newspaper, where the journalist may not know who or what did the actions that they are covering. They can also be found in legal documents, where the content on it should be objective.

c) Identify the steps in changing an active sentence to a passive sentence.
- To make a passive sentence, you need to use the passive tense and there are six steps to turn an active sentence into a passive sentence. Step 1, identify the subject, the verb, and the object. Step 2, move the object to become the new object of the sentence. Step 3, check the active sentence. What is the verb tense in the active sentence? Step 4, conjugate the verb ‘be’. Step 5, add the past participle of the main verb after ‘be’. Step 6, decide what to do with the subject of the active sentence.

d) Find an article/website/blog/social media post that uses passive voice.

https://www.wmur.com/article/naomi-irion-found-suspect-charged/39591026#

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Authorities discovered the remains of an 18-year-old northern Nevada woman who was kidnapped over two weeks ago, officials said. The Lyon County sheriff's office said late Wednesday that investigators acting on a tip about the disappearance of Naomi Irion found a gravesite in a remote part of northern Nevada on Tuesday. An autopsy on Wednesday confirmed the body was Irion, the sheriff said in a statement.Earlier Wednesday, a 41-year-old man with a violent criminal record was charged with first-degree kidnapping. A judge in rural Lyon County left Troy Driver's bail unchanged during a brief court hearing Wednesday. It had been set at $750,000 after his Friday arrest. Driver, of Fernley, has yet to enter a plea. He was arraigned from jail Wednesday via Zoom. Justice of the Peace Lori Matheus said Driver will have to wear a GPS monitoring device if he posts a bond.Driver has been held at the Lyon County Jail in Yerington as a suspect in what authorities say was Irion's kidnapping.She was last seen around 5:25 a.m. March 12 in her car in a Walmart parking lot in Fernley about 30 miles east of Reno. Security video showed a masked man wearing a hooded sweatshirt get into her car.Driver abducted her "on or about March 12" and "did hold or detain her for the purpose of committing sexual assault and/or purpose of killing her," according to the two-page criminal complaint filed Wednesday in Lyon County's Canal Township Justice Court.The FBI offered a $10,000 reward for information to locate Irion. Hundreds of volunteers have joined searches during the past two weeks, looking for clues in a vast desert area. Irion lived in Fernley with her older brother, Casey Valley, who told reporters after the hearing that the family was "all in shock" that any bail was set.Irion's vehicle was found three days after she went missing near a paint manufacturing facility in an industrial park along Interstate 80 not far from the store. Valley said earlier his sister usually catches a bus from the Walmart lot to work at a Reno-area Panasonic facility. Valley said she never arrived at work and he contacted family members and authorities when Irion didn't return home that weekend.Matheus set a court date for Driver next Tuesday, and a preliminary hearing April 12 to decide if there is evidence for Driver to be tried in state court. He could face life in prison without parole if he is convicted.His defense lawyer, Mario Walther, did not immediately respond to requests for comment following the hearing.Several news outlets have reported that Driver was sentenced to 15 years in prison for his role in a 1997 murder case in Northern California.Mendocino County Court records show he pleaded guilty that summer to robbery, burglary and firearms charges as well as to being an accessory to a felony after the fact.California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation spokeswoman Dana Simas said in an email to The Associated Press he was sentenced to 15 years on those charges on Aug. 19, 1997, was released to state parole supervision in 2012 and discharged from parole supervision in 2014.Before authorities announced that her body had been identified, Valley told reporters Wednesday that family members appreciate the support from the community and praised efforts by sheriff's deputies and federal agents to find his sister."Lyon County and the FBI are working very hard," he said. "I wish there was more and everybody does."

Authorities discovered the remains of an 18-year-old northern Nevada woman who was kidnapped over two weeks ago, officials said.

The Lyon County sheriff's office said late Wednesday that investigators acting on a tip about the disappearance of Naomi Irion found a gravesite in a remote part of northern Nevada on Tuesday. An autopsy on Wednesday confirmed the body was Irion, the sheriff said in a statement.

Earlier Wednesday, a 41-year-old man with a violent criminal record was charged with first-degree kidnapping. A judge in rural Lyon County left Troy Driver's bail unchanged during a brief court hearing Wednesday. It had been set at $750,000 after his Friday arrest.

Driver, of Fernley, has yet to enter a plea. He was arraigned from jail Wednesday via Zoom.

Justice of the Peace Lori Matheus said Driver will have to wear a GPS monitoring device if he posts a bond.

Driver has been held at the Lyon County Jail in Yerington as a suspect in what authorities say was Irion's kidnapping.

She was last seen around 5:25 a.m. March 12 in her car in a Walmart parking lot in Fernley about 30 miles east of Reno. Security video showed a masked man wearing a hooded sweatshirt get into her car.

Driver abducted her "on or about March 12" and "did hold or detain her for the purpose of committing sexual assault and/or purpose of killing her," according to the two-page criminal complaint filed Wednesday in Lyon County's Canal Township Justice Court.

The FBI offered a $10,000 reward for information to locate Irion. Hundreds of volunteers have joined searches during the past two weeks, looking for clues in a vast desert area.

Irion lived in Fernley with her older brother, Casey Valley, who told reporters after the hearing that the family was "all in shock" that any bail was set.

Irion's vehicle was found three days after she went missing near a paint manufacturing facility in an industrial park along Interstate 80 not far from the store.

Valley said earlier his sister usually catches a bus from the Walmart lot to work at a Reno-area Panasonic facility. Valley said she never arrived at work and he contacted family members and authorities when Irion didn't return home that weekend.

Matheus set a court date for Driver next Tuesday, and a preliminary hearing April 12 to decide if there is evidence for Driver to be tried in state court. He could face life in prison without parole if he is convicted.

His defense lawyer, Mario Walther, did not immediately respond to requests for comment following the hearing.

Several news outlets have reported that Driver was sentenced to 15 years in prison for his role in a 1997 murder case in Northern California.

Mendocino County Court records show he pleaded guilty that summer to robbery, burglary and firearms charges as well as to being an accessory to a felony after the fact.

California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation spokeswoman Dana Simas said in an email to The Associated Press he was sentenced to 15 years on those charges on Aug. 19, 1997, was released to state parole supervision in 2012 and discharged from parole supervision in 2014.

Before authorities announced that her body had been identified, Valley told reporters Wednesday that family members appreciate the support from the community and praised efforts by sheriff's deputies and federal agents to find his sister.

"Lyon County and the FBI are working very hard," he said. "I wish there was more and everybody does."

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Body of missing Nevada 18-year-old found, suspect charged

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Authorities discovered the remains of an 18-year-old northern Nevada woman who was kidnapped over two weeks ago, officials said. The Lyon County sheriff's office said late Wednesday that investigators acting on a tip about the disappearance of Naomi Irion found a gravesite in a remote part of northern Nevada on Tuesday.

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1. Fatin Anisa
2.Marjan Husna
3.Hidayatul Jannah
4.Imanina Iwanee
5.Nurinsyirah

a) Why do we use passive voice in English?
> The main point of it is to change the focus of a sentence. The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. In other words, the most important thing or person becomes the subject of the sentence.

b) Provide examples of where we can find passive voice being used.
1. Native English speakers.
2. Formal speech.
3. Informal.
4. Newspapers.
5. Scientific reports.
6. Legal documents.

c) Identify the steps in changing an active sentence to a passive sentence.
> There are 6 steps to changing active sentences to a passive sentence as:-
- Step 1 is to identify the subject, the verb, and the object.
- Step 2 is to move the object to become the new subject of the sentence.
- Step 3 is to identify the verb tense in the active sentence.
- Step 4 is to conjugate the verb 'be'.
- Step 5 is to add the past participle of the main verb after 'be'.
- Step 6 is to subject the active sentence.

d) Find an article/website/blog/social media post that uses the passive voice.
> https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.businessinsider.com/linda-tiradoblinded-in-one-eye-after-shot-by-police-2021-2%3famp

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GROUP 12  DAVEASH KUMAAR ,SHASHITHARAN  .

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GROUP 12  DAVEASH KUMAAR ,SHASHITHARAN  .

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a) Why do we use passive voice in English?

1.We don't want to say who or what did the action
2.We don't know who did the action
3.The object is the most important part of the sentences

b) Provide examples of where we can find passive voice being used.

1. The house will be cleaned by me each Saturday.
2. The deal is being endorsed by the two lords
3. Every one of the reservations are being made by the wedding organizer.
4. Guidelines will be given to you by the chief.
5. The house was rebuilt by the property holders to assist it with selling.

c) Identify the steps in changing an active sentence to a passive sentence.

1.)Move the dynamic sentence's immediate item into the sentence's subject space.
2.)Place the dynamic sentence's subject into an expression starting with the relational word by.
3.)Add a type of the helper action word be to the primary action word and change the principle action word's structure.

d) Find an article/website/blog/social media post that uses passive voice.

https://www.wmur.com/article/naomi-irion-found-suspect-charged/39591026#

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1.       SITI NUR AFIQAH BINTI MOHD AZRIN

2.       ARIESHA QRISHALIS

3.       JASMILLIA RANIA MARISSA BINTI MUHAMMAD JASMAN

4.       NUR NISA IRDINA BINTI MOHD SALEHUDIN

a)   Why do we use passive voice in English

-The passive voice is used to express interest in the person or item who is affected by an activity rather than the person or object who conducts it. To put it another way, the most important thing or person becomes the sentence's topic.

b) Provide example of where we can find passive voice being used

- The house was built in 1989.

- My friend is being interviewed today.

- The project has been completed recently.

c) To change a sentences from active to passive voice, do the following :

1. Identify the subject, the verb and the object.

2. Move the object to become the new subject of the sentence.

3. What is the verb tense in the active sentence.

4. Conjugate the verb ‘be’.

5. Add the past participle of the main verb after ‘be’.

6. Subject of the active sentence.

d) https://www.clearvoice.com/blog/active-voice-and-passive-voice-in-marketing/

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Learning Objectives

1. Understand the different tools speakers can use to gain their audience's attention.

2. Name some common mistakes speakers make in trying to gain attention.

As you know by now, a good introduction will capture an audience's attention, while a bad introduction can turn an audience against a speaker. An attention-getter is the device a speaker uses at the beginning of a speech to capture an audience's interest and make them interested in the speech's topic. Typically, there are four things to consider in choosing a specific attention-getting device:

1. Appropriateness or relevance to audience

2. Purpose of speech

3. Topic

4. Occasion

First, when selecting an attention-getting device, you want to make sure that the option you choose is actually appropriate and relevant to your specific audience. Different audiences will have different backgrounds and knowledge, so you should use your audience analysis to determine whether specific information you plan on using would be appropriate for a specific audience. For example, if you're giving a speech on family units to a group of individuals over the age of sixty-five, starting your speech with a reference to the television show Gossip Girl may not be the best idea because the television show may not be relevant to that audience.

Second, you need to consider the basic purpose of your speech. As discussed earlier in this text, there are three basic purposes you can have for giving a speech: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain. When selecting an attention-getter, you want to make sure that you select one that corresponds with your basic purpose. If your goal is to entertain an audience, then starting a speech with a quotation about how many people are dying in Africa each day from malnutrition may not be the best way to get your audience's attention. Remember, one of the basic goals of an introduction is to prepare your audience for your speech. If your attention-getter differs drastically in tone from the rest of your speech (e.g., dying in Africa when you want your audience to laugh), the disjointedness may cause your audience to become confused or tune you out completely.

Your third basic consideration when picking an attention-getting device is your speech topic. Ideally, your attention-getting device should have a relevant connection to your speech. Imagine if a speaker pulled condoms out of his pocket, yelled "Free sex!" and threw the condoms at the audience in the beginning of a speech about the economy. While this may clearly get the audience's attention, this isn't really a good way to prepare an audience for a speech about bull and bear markets. Not every attention-getter is appropriate for a given topic. Instead, a speaker could start this speech by explaining that "according to a 2004 episode of 60 Minutes, adults in the United States spend approximately $10 billion annually on adult entertainment, which is roughly the equivalent to the amounts they spend attending professional sporting events, buying music, or going out to the movies" (Leung, 2004). Notice how effective the shocking statistic is in clearly introducing the monetary value of the adult entertainment industry.

The last consideration when picking an attention-getting device involves the speech occasion. Different occasions will necessitate different tones, or particular styles or manners of speaking. For example, a persuasive speech about death and dying shouldn't be happy and hilarious. An informative speech on the benefits of laughing shouldn't be dull, dreary, and depressing. When selecting an attention-getter, you want to make sure that the attention-getter sets the tone for the speech.

Now that we've explored the four major considerations you must think of when selecting an attention-getter, let's look at a range of different attention-getters you may employ. Miller (1946) discovered that speakers tend to use one of eleven attention-getting devices when starting a speech. The rest of this section is going to examine these eleven attention-getting devices.

Reference to Subject

The first attention-getting method to consider is to tell your audience the subject of your speech. This device is probably the most direct, but it may also be the least interesting of the possible attention-getters. Here's an example:

We are surrounded by statistical information in today's world, so understanding statistics is becoming paramount to citizenship in the twenty-first century.

This sentence explicitly tells an audience that the speech they are about to hear is about the importance of understanding statistics. While this isn't the most entertaining or interesting attention-getter, it is very clear and direct.

Quotation

Another way to capture your listeners' attention is to use the words of another person that relate directly to your topic. Maybe you've found a really great quotation in one of the articles or books you read while researching your speech. If not, you can also use a number of sources that compile useful quotations from noted individuals. Probably the most famous quotation book of all time is Bartlett's Familiar Quotations ( http://www.bartleby.com/100), now in its seventeenth edition. Here are some other websites that contain useful databases of quotations for almost any topic:

Quotations are a great way to start a speech, so let's look at an example that could be used for a speech on deception:

Oliver Goldsmith, a sixteenth-century writer, poet, and physician, once noted that "the true use of speech is not so much to express our wants as to conceal them."

Anecdote

Another device you can use to start a speech is to tell an anecdote related to the speech's topic. An is a brief account or story of an interesting or humorous event. Notice the emphasis here is on the word "brief." A common mistake speakers make when telling an anecdote is to make the anecdote too long. Remember, your entire introduction should only be 10 to 15 percent of your speech, so your attention-getter must be very short.

One type of anecdote is a real story that emphasizes a speech's basic message. For example, here is an anecdote a speaker could use to begin a speech on how disconnected people are from the real world because of technology:

In July 2009, a high school girl named Alexa Longueira was walking along a main boulevard near her home on Staten Island, New York, typing in a message on her cell phone. Not paying attention to the world around her, she took a step and fell right into an open manhole (Whitney, 2009).

A second type of anecdote is a parable or fable. A parable or fable is an allegorical anecdote designed to teach general life lessons. The most widely known parables for most Americans are those given in the Bible and the best-known fables are Aesop's Fables ( http://www.aesopfables.com). For the same speech on how disconnected people are with the real world because of technology, the speaker could have used the Fable of The Boy and the Filberts:

The ancient Greek writer Aesop told a fable about a boy who put his hand into a pitcher of filberts. The boy grabbed as many of the delicious nuts as he possibly could. But when he tried to pull them out, his hand wouldn't fit through the neck of the pitcher because he was grasping so many filberts. Instead of dropping some of them so that his hand would fit, he burst into tears and cried about his predicament. The moral of the story? "Don't try to do too much at once" (Aesop, 1881).

After recounting this anecdote, the speaker could easily relate the fable to the notion that the technology in our society leads us to try to do too many things at once.

While parables and fables are short and entertaining, their application to your speech topic should be clear. We'll talk about this idea in more detail later in this chapter when we discuss how to link your attention-getter explicitly to your topic.

Startling Statement

The eighth device you can use to start a speech is to surprise your audience with startling information about your topic. Often, startling statements come in the form of statistics and strange facts. The goal of a good startling statistic is that it surprises the audience and gets them engaged in your topic. For example, if you're giving a speech about oil conservation, you could start by saying, "A Boeing 747 airliner holds 57,285 gallons of fuel." You could start a speech on the psychology of dreams by noting, "The average person has over 1,460 dreams a year." A strange fact, on the other hand, is a statement that does not involve numbers but is equally surprising to most audiences. For example, you could start a speech on the gambling industry by saying, "There are no clocks in any casinos in Las Vegas." You could start a speech on the Harlem Globetrotters by saying, "In 2000, Pope John Paul II became the most famous honorary member of the Harlem Globetrotters." All four of these examples came from a great website for strange facts ( http://www.strangefacts.com).

Although startling statements are fun, it is important to use them ethically. First, make sure that your startling statement is factual. The Internet is full of startling statements and claims that are simply not factual, so when you find a statement you'd like to use, you have an ethical duty to ascertain its truth before you use it. Second, make sure that your startling statement is relevant to your speech and not just thrown in for shock value. We've all heard startling claims made in the media that are clearly made for purposes of shock or fear mongering. As speakers, we have an ethical obligation to avoid playing on people's emotions in this way.

Question

Another strategy for getting your audience's attention is to ask them a question. There are two types of questions commonly used as attention-getters: response questions and rhetorical questions. A response question is a question that the audience is expected to answer in some manner. For example, you could ask your audience, "Please raise your hand if you have ever thought about backpacking in Europe" or "Have you ever voted for the Electoral College? If so, stand up." In both of these cases, the speaker wants her or his audience to respond. A rhetorical question , on the other hand, is a question to which no actual reply is expected. For example, a speaker talking about the importance of HIV testing could start by asking the audience, "I have two questions that I'd like you to think about. How many students on this campus have had sexual intercourse? Of those who have had sex, how many have been tested for HIV?" In this case, the speaker does not expect the audience to give an estimate of the numbers of students that fit into each category but rather to think about the questions as the speech goes on.

Humor

Humor is another effective method for gaining an audience's attention. Humor is an amazing tool when used properly. We cannot begin to explain all the amazing facets of humor within this text, but we can say that humor is a great way of focusing an audience on what you are saying. However, humor is a double-edged sword. If you do not wield the sword carefully, you can turn your audience against you very quickly. When using humor, you really need to know your audience and understand what they will find humorous. One of the biggest mistakes a speaker can make is to use some form of humor that the audience either doesn't find funny or finds offensive. Think about how incompetent the character of Michael Scott seems on the television program The Office, in large part because of his ineffective use of humor. We always recommend that you test out humor of any kind on a sample of potential audience members prior to actually using it during a speech.

Now that we've warned you about the perils of using humor, let's talk about how to use humor as an attention-getter. Humor can be incorporated into several of the attention-getting devices mentioned. You could use a humorous anecdote, quotation, or current event. As with other attention-getting devices, you need to make sure your humor is relevant to your topic, as one of the biggest mistakes some novices make when using humor is to add humor that really doesn't support the overall goal of the speech. So when looking for humorous attention-getters you want to make sure that the humor is nonoffensive to your audiences and relevant to your speech. For example, here's a humorous quotation from Nicolas Chamfort, a French author during the sixteenth century, "The only thing that stops God from sending another flood is that the first one was useless." While this quotation could be great for some audiences, other audiences may find this humorous quotation offensive (e.g., religious audiences). The Chamfort quotation could be great for a speech on the ills of modern society, but probably not for a speech on the state of modern religious conflict. You want to make sure that the leap from your attention-getter to your topic isn't too complicated for your audience, or the attention-getter will backfire.

Reference to Occasion

The last device we mention for starting a speech is to refer directly to the speaking occasion. This attention-getter is only useful if the speech is being delivered for a specific occasion. Many toasts, for example, start with the following statement: "Today we are here to honor X." In this case, the "X" could be a retirement, a marriage, a graduation, or any number of other special occasions. Because of its specific nature, this attention-getter is the least likely to be used for speeches being delivered for college courses.

Key Takeaways

In developing the introduction to your speech, begin by deciding upon a statement to capture the audience's attention.

Attention-getters can include references to the audience, quotations, references to current events, historical references, anecdotes, startling statements, questions, humor, personal references, and references to the occasion.

Exercises

1. Make a list of the attention-getting devices you might use to give a speech on the importance of recycling. Which do you think would be most effective? Why?

2. You've been asked to deliver a speech on the use of advertising in children's media. Out of the list of ten different possible attention-getting devices discussed in the chapter, how could you use four of them to start your speech?

References

Aesop (1881). Aesop's fables. New York, NY: Wm. L. Allison. Retrieved from http://www.litscape.com/author/Aesop/The_Boy_and_the_Filberts.html

Leung, R. (2004, September 5). Porn in the U.S.A.: Steve Kroft reports on a $10 billion industry. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com.

Miller, E. (1946). Speech introductions and conclusions. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 32, 181-183.

Whitney, L. (2009, July 13). Don't text while walking? Girl learns the hard way. CNET News Wireless. Retrieved from http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-10285466-94.html

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9.2 The Attention-Getter: The First Step of an Introduction

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Understand the different tools speakers can use to gain their audience's attention. Name some common mistakes speakers make in trying to gain attention. As you know by now, a good introduction will capture an audience's attention, while a bad introduction can turn an audience against a speaker.

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Paraphrasing is the most important tool for sharing the research of others as relevant to your own study.  When you paraphrase, you state someone else’s idea in your own words.

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–We use modal verbs to express something that can probably, certainly, or possibly happen.
Modal verbs help when speaking about ability, making requests and offers, asking permission, and more.

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No more mistakes with MODALS! 3 Easy Rules

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1. Form
Subject + Modals + Main Verb
Sheila can improve her skills.
She must pay RM 100 to get her car.
2. Here is a table to help you understand the differences in modals

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CAN vs COULD