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Living in conformity to the sport ethic is likely to set one apart as a "real athlete," but it creates a clear-cut vulnerability to several kinds of deviant behavior.
It is argued that much deviance among athletes involves excessive over conformity to the norms and values embodied in sport itself.

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Athletes will use a lot of energy and nutrients when performing, therefore they will need a strict diet so they know what is going in and out of their body and if they have enough of it (energy). Therefore diet plans become a major aspect of an athletes life. However their is negative ideologies that believe that diet's can be too straining and will affect the athletes ability to function as a human proper which is harmful to anyones health. Without the calories from carbs, fat, and protein, you may not have enough strength but there are many diets that try and cut these necessities out in order to reach a specific aim.

'Consequently, as body weight control becomes incorporated into the methods to train and condition the body, there is a likelihood that diet and food intake may become obsessional, lead- ing to subclinical eating problem' (David John, 1998, p.42).

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social comparison theory athletes more likely seek help with injuries than others. Coach, trainers and teammates significant in support network of athletes.

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Exposes in sport often infer that deviance is pervasive and that it is grounded in widespread disregard or rejection of norms by coaches and athletes, especially black athletes in highly visible or revenue producing sports, who underconform to commonly held rules of conduct

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If people are unwilling to seek support trainers and medical personnel about injury they may risk greater more serious injuries and long term disabilities. Pain and injuries are told is a part of the game a 'culture of risk'

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A SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCES ON ATHLETES TO PLAY WITH PAIN AND INJURIES (NIXON)

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A SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCES ON ATHLETES TO PLAY WITH PAIN AND INJURIES (NIXON)

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Serious involvement =  risks of chronic pain, injury, and perhaps even permanent disability (Nixon, 1992)

Processes that rationalize and normalize pain and injury in sport and that socialize athletes to accept pain and injury as normal.
(Curry and Strauss, 1988; Curry, 1991; Duquin, 1991; Nixon, 1991a)

"culture of risk" ( Frey, 1991)
Role pressures and inducements to play with pain and injuries, general cultural values linking pain tolerance to the demonstration of (masculine) character, management and institutional rationalizations of pain and injuries as "part of the game" and "for the good of the team," the learning experiences athletes had to have to be able to play hurt and come back from serious injuries, and the need to push oneself and accept or ignore the risks of pain and injuries.

A social network is a set of relations among persons, positions, roles, or social units (Berkowitz, 1982), and a social network analysis of sport focuses on webs of interaction that directly or indirectly link members of social networks in a particular sport or sports-related setting = sportsnets

Where the culture of risk is embedded in a sportsnet, one can expect to find the rationalization of risk for athletes.

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It is argued that much deviance among athletes involves excessive overconformity to the norms and values embodied in sport itself

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The use of performance enhancing drugs in sport is identified as a case in point

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Many have called for new selection standards to keep "troublemakers" out of sport, tougher methods of rule enforcement, and stronger sanctions.

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We argue that a significant portion of deviance among athletes does not involve disregarding or rejecting commonly accepted cultural goals or means to those goals, nor does it result from alienation from society. Instead, it is grounded in athletes' uncritical acceptance of and commitment to what they have been told by important people in their lives ever since they began participating in competitive programs; in a real sense, it is the result of being too committed to the goals and norms of sport

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Coaches have emphasized the need to "pay the price," to "play with pain," and to "shoot for the top."

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and continue to be repeated in the words of sport commentators who praise those who play with injuries as "courageous" and those who return to play after serious injuries as being "dedicated to the game" (Gifford & Mangel, 1977)

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Its all in your head
Don't think about the pain
Can't let the team down
Gotta be tough
Injuries are part of the game
Trust the coaches and trainers
Pay the price to succeed (Nixon, 1991a)

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In many cases, strict conformity to these norms becomes the basis for acceptance onto a team and a measure of status among athletes themselves. This encourages some athletes to overconform to these norms in ways seen as deviant within society as a whole and even within the governing bodies of sport itself.

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Athletes will have many ideologies towards how they can change themselves to reach peak performances. Many athletes will seek to loose/cut weight through dieting and harsh and repetitive aerobic exercise. By losing fat they hope to achieve a higher strength to lean weight ratio. this happens in sports like gymnastics, boxing, long distances running etc. This can be very dangerous as it can become obsessive and a lot of athletes suffer with eating disorders after this.

"While most athletes would admit to isolated incidences of these measures, few would admit to the more pervasive and deeply rooted maladaptations known as anorexia" (David John, 1998, p.43)

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Pressure from coaches to play hurt preventing athletes to talk to their coaches about the pain experienced leading to more serious injuries.

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1.Being an athlete involves making sacrifices for the Game
2.  Being an athlete involves striving for distinction
3.  Being an athlete involves accepting risks and playing through pain
4.  Being an athlete involves refusing to accept limits in the pursuit of possibilities.

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If injury occurs, it is expected to continue to show sportsmanship, commit and resilience to succeed. Fight through the pain as if it is not a big deal. This expectation is a paid price, like an unwritten contract where if you become seriously involved, you must continue. In the long term, leading to issues with health.

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damage to health - made to think winning is everything

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damage to health - made to think winning is everything

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Winning symbolizes improvement and establishes distinction; losing is tolerated only to the extent that it is part of the experience of learning how to win. there is more to life than winning.

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Expressing concern for athletes while saying pain is expected lead on to athletes to do anything in power to gain respect from coach putting them at risk.

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hallenges involves moral courage. Furthermore, athletes are expected to display "coolness" (as conceptualized by Lyman & Scott, 1970, p. 145) and "composure" (as conceptualized by Goffman, 1967, pp. 222-223) as they willingly confront and overcome the fears and challenges associated with competition, and accept the increasing risk of failure and injury that come with higher levels of competition