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Ways to reduce their impacts on the environment 

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Ways to reduce their impacts on the environment 

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Overfishing:

1. Create more marine protected areas
- To secure fishing for future generations, more no-catch zones must be constructed to allow fish populations and ecosystems to recover and replenish themselves.

2. Stop trawling
- Trawling involves dragging giant nets across the water, scooping up every animal and environment in their path, resulting in massive wasteful bycatch — dead fish being returned to the sea because they weren't the target fish.

3.  Catch shares
- Catch shares are a fishing management strategy that has been shown to allow fish stocks to rebuild while also safeguarding fishing communities' livelihoods by preventing a precipitous collapse. Using scientific data on the health of fish stocks and the ecosystem in a given area, a total authorised catch is determined, and catch shares are licensed out to each fishing firm, indicating how much of each seafood species they are allowed to catch.

Increased demand in fish meal and fish oil + Pollution
- Alternative protein sources in aquafeeds can provide a solution, particularly those that are waste from other operations and thereby reduce feed production costs. (plant-based sources are more sustainable compared to animal-based e.g. algae)
- Educate fish farmers on the right type of fish meal and fish oil to use (having knowledge is the first step to reducing these impacts on the environment)

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Overfishing
- 1/3 of global fish harvest is used to make fishmeal & fish oil
- Results in increased pressure on global wild fish stocks
- More fish protein is being consumed than produced
- Will result in the drop of wild fish populations

Increase in environmental footprint
- Many fishing vessels use diesel or another form of crude oil to operate
- Diesel and crude oil are not environmentally friendly sources of energy
- Overall carbon footprint is increased
- May result in ocean acidification

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discharge of effluents (has high organic compound)

type of machinery → noise, smell, and solid pollution

use of coal and oil as energy source → high levels of air pollution and greenhouse gas emission

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fishmeal production required high water consumption

production of fishmeal also require large energy use - for cooking, drying, evaporation, machine operations, cooling

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use of bottom trawlers

main source of impacts → doors and footrope

doors: heavy and creates furrows when it is being dragged along the ocean bottom

footrope → have the possibility of turning over large rocks, rework bottom sediments, or damage bottom dwelling organisms

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overharvesting of feed fish stock for fishmeal production → overexploitation

unsustainable levels of harvesting

mass harvest → possible use of diseased fish → spread of disease

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Pathogens
- Fishmeal may contain pathogens. When used in open sea cages, the pathogens may be introduced to the native species.
- Native species will get infected, causing a large drop in the population of native species
- Ecosystem will become unbalanced

Destruction of habitats
- Purchase of cheap fishmeal from bottom trawlers will encourage the continued use of bottom trawlers
- Bottom trawlers drag heavy nets over the seafloor, damaging fragile sea habitats.
- Populations of species living in these habitats will become fragmented
- Fragmented populations are known to perform inbreeding due to low member counts

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- Increasing demand in fishmeal & fish oil
- Increasing demand in food
- Increasing human population
- Pollution
- Destruction of wild habitats

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How to address, improve and/or reduce their impacts on the environment

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How to address, improve and/or reduce their impacts on the environment

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Identifying & describing the environmental issues

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Identifying & describing the environmental issues

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Question: How does creating fishmeal in aquaculture affects the environment?
Answer: The key ingredients of farmed fish feed is threatening food security and risking a huge collapse of marine life.

Identifying the environmental issues:
- Overfishing of wild species
- Pollution
- Increased demand of fish meal & fish oil

Describing the environmental issues:
- Due to increasing demand in fish meal & fish oil, fish farmers are unable to produce enough fishmeal & fish oil leading to fishing for wild species.
- Pollution, leads to contamination of fishmeal and fish oil and wild fish are taking in dangerous levels of toxins
- With the increasing demand, farmers heavily farm carnivorous fish which is used for fishmeal and fish oil.
- Overfishing could lead to extinction of wild species
- Pollution levels are high enough to accumulate in fish, if consumed, posses death risk.
- Increased demand, could lead to expansion of aquaculture destroying coral reefs even land based habitats

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Extent of the impact of environmental issues 

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Extent of the impact of environmental issues 

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Identify and describe the possible causes of environmental issues  

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Identify and describe the possible causes of environmental issues  