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Businesses in LICs often do not have much money to invest.

Meanwhile, businesses in HICs use their high income to pay for new technology.

How can technology help a country gain more income?

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Colonialism is when one country takes control of another country.

From 1750 to 1950, Britain and France took control of places in Africa and Asia.

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Extreme weather such as tropical storms (hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones) are common between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, where many LICs are.

Tropical storms can damage roads, railways and ports. Without these it is difficult for a country to gain an income. Why?

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Diseases carried by mosquitoes such as malaria spread in hot, wet conditions. This means that these diseases are common between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, where many LICs are.

How does a healthy population help a country develop?

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This means that HICs are able to produce manufactured goods, like cars or electronics. Manufactured goods are high in value, so selling them makes a large profit.

Meanwhile, LICs are forced to sell low value raw materials such as metal ore or crops.

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Sierra Leone is a country in West Africa. Its GNI per capita is $480, the fourth lowest in the world.

Between 1808 and 1961 it was part of the British Empire. However, Britain did not help the country develop. Instead, Britain took raw materials from Sierra Leone to help itself develop.

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Raw materials are low in value because businesses in HICs want to pay as little as possible for them to keep their own profits high.

This means that when HICs offer to trade with LICs, each LIC sells their raw materials at low prices to make sure that they get the deal.

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This map shows railways in Sierra Leone. They were built by the British Government when it controlled the country.

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Diamonds are common in Sierra Leone. During colonialism, British businesses mined the diamonds, paying local people very little. Trains then carried the diamonds to Freetown, where they could be shipped to Britain to make a profit for the mining businesses.

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Not much has changed. European businesses mine diamonds and send them straight to Freetown for shipping to Europe. This means that wealth was and still is being taken out of the country instead of being collected by Sierra Leoneans.

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The Atlantic slave trade: What too few textbooks told you - Anthony Hazard