# data[].attributes.body
Glassware was never thrown away in the KAZSSR, but was reused.  The scrap and waste paper collection system was great too.  They handed in waste paper - they got books for it, and they went to the store with a string bag, which they had been using for years, and not with a plastic bag, which lasts an average of 15 minutes, and then thrown away. "  But it instilled in a good habit and adults adhered to it too.

# data[].attributes.body
Clothes and shoes were sewn from the skins of domestic animals. Jewelry and dishes were made from leather. Various boxes, jewelry for musical instruments, household utensils were made of bone, and black soap was also brewed, which has special disinfecting properties. Many types of clothing, household items, as well as carpets (syrmak, tekemet, tuskiiz, alasha, etc.) were made from wool and a material derived from it - felt - strong and durable lassoes were made from horsehair, combs were made from horns (taraқ) ... And even the droppings of domestic animals went into business: sheep - for fuel, and horse - for coating the walls of stationary dwellings from turf and adobe.

# data[].attributes.body
The making and processing of felt was the basic craft of Kazakh nomads, and women were engaged in this. First of all, felt was used to cover yurts. Felt was used for sewing slippers, and thin felt was a material for various clothes. Also, felt served as the basis for the tekemet carpets, which were used to cover the floor in the yurt, and for the beautiful tuskiiz carpets that decorated the walls of the yurt. Along with this, carpet weaving from wool and thin strips of fabric was well developed. And in more ancient times, the craft of weaving mats was widespread.

# data[].attributes.body
Leatherworking was another important part in the life of Kazakhs. The skin of wild and domestic animals was used to make winter clothes, hats, parts of saddles and other equipment for horses. Some types of clothing were so high quality and comfortable that the fame of them spread throughout the countries of Central Asia, and they were highly valued in the bazaars of the East. Also, the shoemaking trade was widespread among the nomads, as in winter and summer Kazakhs wore boots. In addition, vessels for water and kumis were made of leather. Although working with leather was the prerogative of men, women were often involved in these crafts.

# data[].attributes.body
A nomadic life in the harsh conditions of the steppe and a completely subsistence economy forced people to produce everything they needed on their own. This is how Kazakh folk crafts were born, which satisfied all the needs of people, and quite rarely became an object of trade. In nomadic tribes, there was a gender division according to the types of handicraft work: men were engaged in the processing of wood, metal, leather and other types of crafts that require strength and are traditionally associated with male activities; while women worked in areas where perseverance and painstaking work is needed - making and processing felt, wool, various types of weaving and embroidery.

# data[].attributes.body
Corpses  – an indispensable thing when guests come. They replaced chairs, beds, blankets, and carpets for our ancestors. Today, their presence in the house may be due even to purely practical reasons: guests will be both soft and pleasant to find themselves on such a seat or bed.   Previously, sheep or camel hair was used in the manufacture of korpe. Now you can find korpe filled with more modern materials, such as cotton wool, sintepon or foam.

# data[].attributes.headline
The manufacture of trunks requires special skills

# data[].attributes.subject
The manufacture of trunks requires special skills

# data[].attributes.body
Masters made chests of birch, black willow, and oak. Its front side was decorated with carved patterns, decorated with iron and copper buckles. The size of the chest depended on its purpose in everyday life: small-30-60 cm, and large reached 60-120 cm. And it got its name depending on what was stored in it. For example, "Shai Sandyk" – for sweets and tea," Mata Sandyk " - for clothing, fabrics, and the largest," Zhuk Sandyk", was intended for a bag and blankets.our ancestors not only decorated their only chest with carved patterns, but also, using various methods of jewelry craft, decorated it with gold, silver and other types of precious stones.

# data[].attributes.headline
Solve a chest full of secrets. Look deep into it, my friend. Touch the strings of your soul, touch it. Let him tell you everything! Saken Seifullin

# data[].attributes.subject
Solve a chest full of secrets. Look deep into it, my friend. Touch the strings of your soul, touch it. Let him tell you everything! Saken Seifullin

# data[].attributes.body
One of the most ancient household items of the Kazakh people is a chest. Kazakhs, who adhered to a nomadic lifestyle, put clothes, their property, various food there, and blankets (korpe) on top of it. In addition, some types of chests were used as beds. In the nomadic way, the chest was convenient for transportation on a cart or transportation on the back of pack animals, such as a camel or horse. In many cases, the chest was closed with a lock, and the locks themselves were both hinged and mortise. Legs were attached to it so that the bottom would not get wet when it was placed on the ground.

# data[].attributes.body
Kazakhs have always tried to convey to children the price of clothing, so before children were taught to sew clothes. If the clothing became small or deteriorated, it was never thrown away. It was altered and something else was done. This applies not only to clothing, but all things that are used in everyday life.(You can listen to the story from the attached file in the message that contained the presentation.)

# data[].attributes.headline
In the history of Kazakhstan, people have never thrown away clothes, they treated them very carefully and passed them from generation to generation.

# data[].attributes.subject
In the history of Kazakhstan, people have never thrown away clothes, they treated them very carefully and passed them from generation to generation.

# data[].attributes.body
After the child grows out of clothes, this thing was kept for others. It could be passed from older to younger, from mothers to daughters, from father to son, and so on. In this interview, Renata's mother told about how it happened. (You can listen to the story from the attached file in the message that contained the presentation.)

# data[].attributes.body
Traditional bracelets of the Kazakh people are made of silver or gold, and are also decorated with precious or semi-precious stones. The design of the bracelet depended on the region: in the eastern and southeastern regions of Kazakhstan, rounded or tetrahedral forged ones are mainly common, in central Kazakhstan they are mainly made thin, in the southern regions - solid cast ones, and in the west and southeast, three-dimensional with gilding and precious stones. There was also a special type of bracelet - bez bilezik. It was possible to find out from what kind the girl was, her age and marital status.

# data[].attributes.body
Alқa - a chain with a pendant. It is a massive decoration with components in the form of coins or bells. "Tumarsha" is an amulet that is worn around the neck. They were made with a void inside to carry prayer papers there. Traditionally, the Kazakhs believed that such amulets could save the owner from any trouble.

# data[].attributes.body
In the old days «өңіржиек» served as a talisman, and also covered the embroidery on the chest of a woman's dress. It has been passed down from generation to generation. The pendant was made of gold or silver, and was also decorated with casting, nielloing, chasing. Also, the suspension could be lengthened and additional sections added. These decorations were subdivided into three types: өңirzhiek is a rectangular pendant, omyrausha - in the form of an arc, tұmarsha - in the form of a triangle.

# data[].attributes.body
Traditional jewelry of the Kazakh people was divided into removable and those that can be sewn to clothing. In order to make the national costume look more advantageous, fasteners, buttons of various shapes, patterned buckles are added to it. Currently, "Kapsyrma" is used to decorate wedding dresses and give them a more authentic look.

Belt pads were an element of both men's and women's suits. In the world of nomads, belt and harness ornaments, mostly smooth, unadorned, sometimes with cuts in a geometric pattern, became widespread. Gilding was often added to the decoration of belt pads, which created an additional decorative effect. It was believed that the more the number of belt plaques on one item, the higher the social status of the wearer.

# data[].attributes.body
Long hair has always been considered the pride of any Kazakh girl. A short haircut was considered bad form or a sign of illness. Various jewelry rings were often woven into the braids, so that when walking they create a pleasant chime. Shashbau is a traditional decoration made of medallions and plates, which are interconnected, and also decorated with stones of different shades. Bells are also placed on them. Sholpy are medallions or crest-shaped plates decorated with colored stones.

# data[].attributes.body
According to tradition, it was believed that a girl who does not wear a ring is "unclean". Much attention was paid to this decoration. The ring of the matchmaker "Құdaғi zhuzik" (the ring of the matchmaker) covers almost 4 fingers. It was adorned with precious stones and gilded. The ring ornament, in turn, was made of silver or silvered iron. "Құdaғi zhuzik" symbolized the unity of two families, as it is made of two inserts of stones and an element in the middle. Such a massive piece of jewelry was given by the mother of the bride to the mother-in-law of her daughter only in the case of a good attitude and complete patronage over her.

The ring "Қus tұmsyқ" (bird's beak) symbolized a girl who would sooner or later flee from her father’s house. Wearing such a ring meant that she was free and had not yet been wooed. After the girl got married, the purpose of the ring changed. If she returned it to her mother , this was a signal that everything was fine with her and that she was accepted in the new family.

# data[].attributes.body
Earrings are traditionally considered the most popular national adornment of the female half of the Kazakh people. There are many types and variants of earrings. It was believed that the longer the earrings, the more value they are.

# data[].attributes.body
The sewing of fur coats (ishik) from wolf, fox, ferret and other animal skins was also widespread. Fur coats were sewn with wool inside, on top they were covered with dense homespun cloth (shekpen), cloth (shuga) and other materials. Representatives of the feudal nobility could afford fur coats made of expensive fur: otters (kundyz) and even sable (bulgyn). The collar of sheepskin coats was made of expensive fur of wild animals, from the skins of astrakhan lambs.

The craftswomen also sewed fur hats (borik). The inner part of the summer-autumn headdress was sewn from the skin of lambs or wild animals, the top was covered with material, and the base was often trimmed with a strip of fur. The winter headdress was a triukh (tymak), which had ear and occipital lobes. The most valuable was the fox fur tymak, it was warm and looked elegant.

There were many shoemakers (yetyksha) among the Kazakhs. They sewed boots (yetyk), women's ichigi (meats) and leather galoshes (kebys).

# data[].attributes.body
A large and important place in the life of Kazakhs was occupied by a variety of items made of leather and skins of cattle and camels. Clothes were sewn from skins, shoes, vessels for various purposes were made from leather, horse harness was made, wall panels and chests were also created.

Every family, mostly men, was involved in the processing of hides and skins, but women also helped them.

Torsyk (vessel for storing kumis) Clothes from the skins of domestic animals and wild animals were sewn by women using factory needles and threads made of durable camel wool (shuda zhyp). Almost every house had different sheepskin coats (tone). They were subdivided into the following types: sensen tone, sewn from the skins of six-month-old unshorn lambs; eltiri tone - skins of two to three month old lambs. Sheepskin coats were sewn with wool on the inside, which kept warm even in the coldest months. Depending on the length, two types were distinguished: kaptama (the fields of this sheepskin coat were below the knees) and camisolsha (its length did not reach the knees).

# data[].attributes.body
Jeans were the real standard of fashion. And we can not say that this fashion was distinguished by at least some variety. The jeans had to meet several requirements: they had to "stand", you could only get into them with soap, the color of jeans-exclusively blue.

The most important feature of branded jeans of those years – "they had to RUB".
it was considered a real chic to have " gins "(they used to call them that) of three companies:" Levis"," Wrangler","Lee".
At the time, Wrangler was listed on par with Lewis and Lee, and together they represented the big three in fashion.

# data[].attributes.body
The average salary in the USSR was approximately 100 to 120 rubles, while the price of jeans could reach two hundred rubles.  There were enough sellers and buyers of this product.  Some of the hucksters have learned how to professionally counterfeit jeans.  They were sold in closed opaque packages, which looked like a kind of lottery for the buyer.  Half of these bags contained jeans with one leg.

# data[].attributes.body
The first jeans appeared in the USSR in the 50s. The official date of the beginning of the "denim fever" can be considered 1957, Jeans from that time became not just clothes, they began to symbolize everything that was not in the USSR , and if you had branded jeans in your wardrobe, then life has developed

# data[].attributes.body
The women headdresses were decorated with various jewelry. The bride's headdress is saukele, has the shape of a cone and is decorated with coins and pearls. Kimeshek is a headdress for young women who have recently given birth

# data[].attributes.body
The Kazakhs always had a very special attitude to headdresses. Pulling a hat off a person's head was considered an insult, and carelessly throwing one's own hat somewhere was tantamount to renouncing personal happiness and good luck.

Always and everywhere, hats were carefully removed, trying to put or hang them on a dais. They were especially zealous to ensure that the hat did not end up on the floor otherwise it was believed that the health and well-being of its owner could suffer.

# data[].attributes.body
A skullcap - "taqiya" can be considered a universal headdress of Kazakhs. It was worn by both young and old, men, women and even children. The skullcap was worn directly on the head, and on top of it - other hats. Takiyas were sewn from completely different fabrics, dense cotton or soft expensive ones: silk, velvet, cloth, monochrome and even striped.  Men's hats include earflaps, kalpak-borik, lightweight unlined headwear, ornamented skullcaps, quilted, cone-shaped hats

# data[].attributes.body
Since ancient times, Kazakhs made household goods and their homes from the materials surrounding them: wood, wool, metal, leather. Animal hair was the predominant material in the Yurt decoration. It was used to create household items, often authentic works of art. Wool was felted, spun, and woven. This material still surprises us with its properties: it is light, warm, soft, pleasant to the touch, breathable, able to keep out rain moisture if it is soaked in a special composition, retains heat and at the same time reflects the heat. Even the" walls " of the Yurt were felt!

# data[].attributes.body
Many Kazakhstani artists and artisans pay attention to felt as an eco-friendly material. Felt products are popular with foreign tourists. In the technique of felting, it is tried to make both traditional Kazakh products (tekemets, syrmaks) and modern patterned and ornamental products (panels, clothing, Souvenirs, toys). When making products, we try to use wool in combination with various materials – silk, gauze, tulle. As in the past, creating works from wool is painstaking work, but the products made for a long time please not only the authors, but also the guests of our Museum

# data[].attributes.body
Nowadays, the appeal to the themes of Kazakh folk art is becoming relevant due to the growth of national consciousness, the revival and preservation of the cultural heritage of the great steppe. Therefore, questions about folk crafts are widely introduced into the educational programs of schools and pedagogical universities.

# data[].attributes.body
Since ancient times, folk crafts were formed in the process of daily life of the Kazakhs. Initially, clothing and the arrangement of the Yurt space were created as utilitarian items necessary in everyday life, and not as works of art. However, folk craftsmen, making functional products, formed the artistic image of the product.

# data[].attributes.body
Men's clothing consisted of several parts: a swinging undershirt (jade), lower pants made of light fabric, and upper pants made of cloth, suede, sheepskin or thick cotton fabrics. The more prosperous made the upper pants from suede or velvet with embroidery. As in women's clothing, camisoles with or without sleeves, more often with a closed collar and a stand-up collar, were light outerwear. Shapan was also the main type of outerwear. Warm men's clothing was of the same type: a sheepskin coat or otherwise tone made of camel or sheep wool was usually quilted. Belts made of leather or fabric were an obligatory part of men's clothing, and for the richer ones, velvet and silk. In the old days, men's and women's shoes practically did not differ from each other, their main difference was in seasons. Heelless boots, ichigi, were very common among women and men, otherwise they were called mәsy. They wore leather galoshes - kebis, which were removed, as a rule, at the entrance to the house. 

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
новый коллаж

# data[].attributes.body
There was a big difference between the clothes of women and men. If the clothes of nomadic men, for example, basically did not change, then the outfits of girls and young women over time underwent some changes. Girls' and women's clothes differed from each other. Here are several types of national clothes worn by women of the Kazakh people in the past. One of them is a koylek (shirt-dress), the oldest type of underwear for women. Later, sleeveless undershirts (ish koylek) began to be worn under the koylek, which were sewn from light white fabric without sleeves, with narrow shoulders and a wide neckline, less often with a small cutout under the throat and a slit in the front, which was tied with ribbons.

# data[].attributes.body
The beauty of the clothes was given by finishing with fur, embroidery, ornaments. Traditional materials for her were leather, fur, thin felt, cloth, which the Kazakhs made themselves. Clothes were also sewn from imported materials - silk, brocade, velvet, which were a kind of measure of the wealth of its owners. Cotton fabrics were also widely used. The peculiarity and at the same time the regularity of the Kazakh clothing was that it changed depending on the lifestyle and occupation of the Kazakhs. It always corresponded to the season and was created taking into account the steppe civilization.

# data[].attributes.body
The Kazakh national clothes have absorbed all the best that folk masters have been able to create over the centuries. It reflects the way of life of the people, and occupation, and aesthetic taste. The influence of ethnic components is clearly visible in the elements of clothing. The traditional Kazakh costume was greatly influenced, first of all, by the nomadic way of life. Folk craftsmen at different times created clothes so that it was comfortable for riding a horse, warmed in the winter season and protected from the heat in summer.

Kazakh national dress has a long history, reflecting the national experience of labor activity. Over the centuries, Kazakh national clothing has been distinguished by its simplicity and rationality.