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This case would be an example of Judicial Restraint since the ruling did follow the written Constitution and prevented a major change from happening across the country. The majority justices interpret the Constitution from when it was written, using the definition of militia.

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This Supreme Court case reinforces the rights given to U.S. citizens to purchase and own a firearm in the household. Firearms are a controversial topic amongst political parties, especially with crimes involving a firearm increasing, but this case protected American citizens rights to purchase and have a firearm.

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5-4 Ruling of the Justices
Majority Opinion Author - Justice Antonin Scalia
The majority rule was that the first clause of the Second Amendment states that the militia have the right to own and keep firearms, and at the time the Constitution was made the militia was not referring to military men, but all citizens since these armies were made up of civilians. Therefore banning firearms from being held in the home is unconstitutional.

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Dissenting Opinion Author - Justice John Paul Stevens
The dissenting opinion believed that the second Amendment does not create an unlimited right to bearing firearms, and restricts that right only certain military uses.

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Do the provisions of the District of Columbia Code that restrict the licensing of handguns and require licensed firearms kept in the home to be kept nonfunctional violate the Second Amendment?

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The District of Columbia wanted to take this case to the Supreme Court because they were not happy with the ruling.
In the oral argument they argued the Second Amendment allowed firearms for self defense, and Heller’s reasoning was a nonfunctional use. 

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Dick Anothy Heller was the respondent.
In the oral argument he argued that the District of Columbia for violating his second amendment rights to keep a firearm in his home without a license. 

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United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

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The acts of the District of Columbia, preventing Heller from keeping a private firearm at his home violated the second amendment.

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The District of Columbia made it illegal to carry unregistered firearms and prohibited registering firearms, except for the chief of police who was allowed to issue one for a one year license. Dick Anothy Heller, a special police officer in D.C. applied and was rejected to have a one-year license for a handgun at home. He believed rejection violated his second amendment rights, so took the District to Court filing a lawsuit. 

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John P. Stevens
Antonin Scalia
Anthony Kennedy
David Souter
Clarence Thomas
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Stephen Breyer
Samuel Aito