# data[].attributes.body
When writing with beginners, there is 3 kinds of writings we do: Shared Writing, Interactive Writing, and Kidwriting. These 3 writing philosophies encourage communication, writing opportunities, and are based off real experiences.

# data[].attributes.body
Most Common in Preschools

Teacher writes while student dictates

Language Experience Writing (LEA)

Recognize what children know to become successful writers

Practice Language

# data[].attributes.body
Can be used with any group except for true beginners

Students and Teacher Talk; Student and Teacher Write

Students make connections between expressing ideas orally and putting them in written form

"Sharing the Pen"

# data[].attributes.body
More Common in Kindergarten

Child-Center Approach

Write stories or info that relates to their lives

Phonics based

Includes Drawing the story, kid writing, adult writing, mini-lessons & sharing

# data[].attributes.headline
Reading aloud to students is one of the most effective tools for improving literacy

# data[].attributes.subject
Reading aloud to students is one of the most effective tools for improving literacy

# data[].attributes.body
foster a love of reading

provide a model for fluency

expose students to new vocabulary and sentence structures

introduction to the language of books

build background knowledge

build community and reading culture

model comprehension

engage in discussions

encourage active listening

Shows students reading can be ENJOYABLE!

# data[].attributes.body
Gradual Release of Responsibility provides appropriate instruction, moving students towards independence.

# data[].attributes.body
Most commonly talked about in this course

offers opportunity for instruction in genre, strategy, & comprehension

Develops vocabulary development

Builds understanding & Comprehension

# data[].attributes.body
Fosters a love of reading

Models the process of reading

Introduces texts, genres, authors, & Students

Allows students to hear literary & informational texts

# data[].attributes.headline
For interactive Read Alouds you can choose any text!

# data[].attributes.subject
For interactive Read Alouds you can choose any text!

# data[].attributes.body
Make sure you are incorporating:

quality literature

multicultural/diverse

Multiple Genres

# data[].attributes.body
Use this model to teach students specific behaviors that you want to see!

# data[].attributes.headline
Read Alouds must be well planned with introductions and building background knowledge!

# data[].attributes.subject
Read Alouds must be well planned with introductions and building background knowledge!

# data[].attributes.body
Shared reading builds on literacy practices started at home with the bedtime story!

# data[].attributes.body
Books have large text with clear print that all students can see

Books are read over the course of a couple days

With each reading the teacher is releasing more responsibility to the students

# data[].attributes.headline
When doing shared reading, lesson teachers should...

# data[].attributes.subject
When doing shared reading, lesson teachers should...

# data[].attributes.body
point to words with pointer or hand

include hand motions

use highlighting tape

# data[].attributes.body
Rhyming text

Predictable text

Lively illustrations

Poems, songs

But make sure they have large, clear print with clear spaces between words, 1-2 lines of print per page, and clear punctuation.

# data[].attributes.body
Provide a print-rich classroom

Let children watch you write

Include interactive Writing

Let them write, and accept whatever kind of writing they do

They will learn print concepts, words, phonemic awareness and some Letter names and sounds as they write

# data[].attributes.body
Assessment is an ongoing process

Kid Watching- see how the child responds to various activities & take notice of who can do what

Observations

Record, write down, or use checklist to assess students

# data[].attributes.headline
Assessment is about collecting and analyzing data to make decisions about how children are performing and growing.

# data[].attributes.subject
Assessment is about collecting and analyzing data to make decisions about how children are performing and growing.

# data[].attributes.body
Assessment is not grading or standardized test scores

# data[].attributes.body
1. Identify what you assess
2. Collect Evidence
3. Analyze that Evidence
4. Make a decision & Act on that decision

# data[].attributes.headline
Fluency is the ability to read most words in context quickly, accurately, automatically, and with appropriate expression.

# data[].attributes.subject
Fluency is the ability to read most words in context quickly, accurately, automatically, and with appropriate expression.

# data[].attributes.body
Critical to reading comprehension

Children become fluent readers as they engage in lots of easy reading, have daily opportunities to hear and participate in expressive oral language, and through repeated reading activities.

# data[].attributes.headline
We need to encourage summer reading to prevent the summer slide

# data[].attributes.subject
We need to encourage summer reading to prevent the summer slide

# data[].attributes.body
During the summer slide, students are treading water or even falling behind

Contributes to the achievement gap negatively

# data[].attributes.headline
Fluency is critical to reading comprehension because of the attention factor.

# data[].attributes.subject
Fluency is critical to reading comprehension because of the attention factor.

# data[].attributes.body
If most of the focus is on decoding the words, their is little attention left for the comprehension parts of reading- putting the words together and thinking about what they mean.

# data[].attributes.body
It is something you have or you don't

How fluent a reader you are is directly linked to complexity of the text they are reading

Fluent reading puts words together in phrases and has the expressions you would use if your were speaking the words

Dysfluent reading is slow, labored, and lacking in expression and phrasing

# data[].attributes.headline
Promote Fluency by Providing Opportunities for Students to hear and participate in fluent reading.

# data[].attributes.subject
Promote Fluency by Providing Opportunities for Students to hear and participate in fluent reading.

# data[].attributes.body
Teacher Read-Aloud

Echo Reading

Choral Reading

Re-reading

Recorded Reading

Radio Reading

Timed Repeated Reading

Paired Repeated Reading

# data[].attributes.headline
How to foster & encourage summer reading

# data[].attributes.subject
How to foster & encourage summer reading

# data[].attributes.body
Model reading behaviors outside of school by sharing personal readings such as novels, magazines

Introduce various authors to engage the reader and use author’s series to hook students.

Build curiosity for reading informational texts

Have conversations about books

Have students keep lists of books they’re going to read

TALK ABOUT READING IN THE SUMMER!

# data[].attributes.body
Provide information regarding Local or Public library hours, resources, and events

Allow kids to take home books over the summer

Take a class trip to the local library to familiarize students

Have the local librarian visit your class.

Send home a newsletter to inform student/parents to different summer reading opportunities

Research & recommend different online reading sites

Create a summer book club

# data[].attributes.headline
Phonics is the the study of sound/letter correspondences.

# data[].attributes.subject
Phonics is the the study of sound/letter correspondences.

# data[].attributes.body
the ability to process text, understand its meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows

# data[].attributes.body
“Phonics helps children link spoken sounds to written symbols in systematic ways (letter-sound relationships) and apply this knowledge to decode words in print and spell words,” (Reutzel, 2017).

# data[].attributes.body
Synthetic phonics—”sounding out”

Analytic phonics—students discover sound/letter relationships (word sorts)

Analogy-based phonics—students use their knowledge of word families, parts, or chunks to identify new words that have the same parts (onset-rime)

Embedded phonics—focuses on phonics skills on words in texts selected for reading

Phonics through spelling & writing—students segment the spoken sounds & write the letters that represent those sounds to spell words

# data[].attributes.headline
Important Phonics Terms & The Order They Are Taught 

# data[].attributes.subject
Important Phonics Terms & The Order They Are Taught 

# data[].attributes.body
a letter of the alphabet that represents a basic speech sound produced by obstructing the breath in the vocal tract. All the letters in the alphabet apart from A, E, I, O, and U (called vowels) are known as consonants

# data[].attributes.body
vowels that do not say their name; usually represented by one letter

# data[].attributes.body
2 or 3 consonants that blend together, e.g. bl or nd, all sounds are still heard

# data[].attributes.body
Two consecutive consonants that represent one phoneme, or sound (e.g., /ch/, /sh/).

# data[].attributes.body
Vowels that "say their names." They can be spelled in lots of ways.

# data[].attributes.body
Variant- 2 vowels that come together and make a sound that is neither long nor short
R-controlled vowel- is any vowel followed by an r.

# data[].attributes.body
s, ed, ing. They change how a word is used in the sentence, not the meaning.

# data[].attributes.body
Affixes- prefixes and suffixes
Prefix- letters added to the beginning of a word that change its meaning
Suffix- letters added to the end of a root word that change the meaning of the word

# data[].attributes.headline
Sight Vocabulary is the set of words that a child can immediately recognize without use of decoding strategies.

# data[].attributes.subject
Sight Vocabulary is the set of words that a child can immediately recognize without use of decoding strategies.

# data[].attributes.body
The child is able to identify these words within a few seconds

They are common, frequently used words and foundational words that a child can use to build a vocabulary

# data[].attributes.body
Teaching for meaning

Providing engaging complex texts at the child’s instructional level

Introducing & Frontloading

Following the child, not the curriculum

Meeting the varying needs of all students

# data[].attributes.body
1. Rereading familiar texts

2. Word work

3. Book introduction

4. Reading of a new text

5. Post-reading discussion

6. Follow-up activities

# data[].attributes.body
Activities:

Sort letters

Mix and Fix

Making and Breaking

Word sorts

Elkonin Boxes

# data[].attributes.body
Engage students

Hold a natural conversation in which students respond to a few questions

Look at pictures & Words

Introduce important language

structures and words

Discuss important concepts

Get students thinking about the main idea of the text

Explain purpose for reading the book

# data[].attributes.body
Students should read individually Whisper read or read silently.

Teacher may sample oral reading, prompting or reinforcing the student

Interactions should be brief.

Teacher should note observations

# data[].attributes.headline
Extending the Meaning of the Text Using..

# data[].attributes.subject
Extending the Meaning of the Text Using..

# data[].attributes.body
Story maps

Graphic organizers

Draw/sketch a response

Role play

Connect to other books

# data[].attributes.headline
Running Records and Observations are the assessments used in guided reading

# data[].attributes.subject
Running Records and Observations are the assessments used in guided reading

# data[].attributes.body
1. Visualize- Using you 5 senses to visualize what the text is about

2. Make an Inference- Read between the lines; Infer

3. Summarize- Focus on the main idea of the text

4. What do you already know?- Activate Prior knowledge & Experience

5. Make Predictions- What do you think is going to happen next?

# data[].attributes.headline
In order to comprehend & understand what they read, students need to:

# data[].attributes.subject
In order to comprehend & understand what they read, students need to:

# data[].attributes.body
decode what they read

make connections between what they read and what they already know

think deeply about what they have read.

# data[].attributes.headline
Ask Questions Before, During, & After Reading

# data[].attributes.subject
Ask Questions Before, During, & After Reading

# data[].attributes.headline
After the Lesson, Books should be put in the literacy center for students to re-read

# data[].attributes.subject
After the Lesson, Books should be put in the literacy center for students to re-read

# data[].attributes.body
Stress that print, not pictures, carries the message. We want the focus to be on the text, not auditory memory.

Focus should be on the content of the text, not background knowledge.

Point to each word.

When discussing illustrations, point to words in text.

# data[].attributes.headline
An Enlarged Sight Vocabulary improves... 

# data[].attributes.subject
An Enlarged Sight Vocabulary improves... 

# data[].attributes.body
improves reading fluency (rate)

confidence

expression

comprehension

# data[].attributes.body
The most common technique is simply rote memorization through multiple exposures to the whole word, essentially practicing the word many times until it sticks. But, this is not always the most effective method. We need to help students see the connections between the letters and sounds to learn a new word.

# data[].attributes.headline
Accuracy, speed, and fluency in reading increase reading comprehension.

# data[].attributes.subject
Accuracy, speed, and fluency in reading increase reading comprehension.

# data[].attributes.headline
Display the words, arranged by first letter someplace in the room

# data[].attributes.subject
Display the words, arranged by first letter someplace in the room

# data[].attributes.body
Word Wall

Portable Word Wall List

# data[].attributes.headline
Fun ways to practice sight words are chanting, rhyming, singing, cross checking, creative writing activities, making sentences, and playing games.

# data[].attributes.subject
Fun ways to practice sight words are chanting, rhyming, singing, cross checking, creative writing activities, making sentences, and playing games.