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As time went on, the rights of women evolved, and women slowly gained rights that allowed them to be in control of their lives instead of having the men control their lives for them. At some points their rights changed, however it took time, so from one time period to the next some of their rights did not change.

The continuity of the rights of women were an issue for women because they had a hard time gaining rights when they had no way to gain their rights. From 1840-1900, women were expected to always stay at their homes and do what their husband’s said. They had to cook, clean, and make sure the outside world did not corrupt their husbands. The men during this time thought that their control over the women’s lives was beneficial to them and because they had so much power, it took time for the women to finally gain a foothold and change what rights they had.

Luckily, as time went on, women were able to slowly gain rights. From 1900-the present, women were able to finally gain the rights they deserved. For example, in the early 1900 between 1900 and 1920, women were expected to work in order to fill the gap that was left by the men when they left for war. This was different than before because before this, women were only able to stay home. However, once the men returned home, the women were fired and were put back to work at their homes. Soon after this though, women were able to go back to working outside of their homes. WIth the cost of living rising, women had to help with the families income and had to go and work outside of the home. This happened from 1940-1960. From 1960- now women have been able to gain lots of rights. Women today are now respected as equals by almost everyone (with the exception of a few people who can’t seem to let go of the past). This equal view helped the women gain their rights.

Altogether, the rights of women have greatly improved since 1840. Although some of the rights were hard to gain, and for a long while, women were only expected to stay home, their rights were slowly gained and change was made.

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(1960-Present) The Third Wave of Feminism 

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(1960-Present) The Third Wave of Feminism 

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The roles of women during this time period were similar to those of men. Women were able to be a part of the work force and were respected more by the men who they worked and lived around. However the women during this time still didn’t believe that they were completely equal with men and that they needed to keep fighting for their rights like the women before them had done. This source fits in and is a good example of this time period because it explains how the third wave began, what they did during the wave, who was involved, and the problems they faced. For example, in the section that talks about who was involved, it listed, Madonna, Queen Latifah, and tv characters like Helen and VIolet from The Incredibles and Dora from Dora The Explorer. Another reason this source was good was because it showed how different this wave was compared to the first two. A great quote in the source was, “Rather than becoming part of the “machine,” third wavers began both sabotaging and rebuilding the machine itself.” (Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). This showed how the third wave was sick of just fitting in and wanted to change everything to make it good for everyone.

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The third wave of feminism emerged in the mid-1990s. It was led by so-called Generation Xers who, born in the 1960s and '70s in the developed world, came of age in a media-saturated and culturally and economically diverse milieu. Although they benefitted significantly from the legal rights and protections that had been obtained by first- and second-wave feminists, they also critiqued the positions and what they felt was unfinished work of second-wave feminism.

Foundations

The third wave was made possible by the greater economic and professional power and status achieved by women of the second wave, the massive expansion in opportunities for the dissemination of ideas created by the information revolution of the late 20th century, and the coming of age of Generation X scholars and activists.

Some early adherents of the new approach were literally daughters of the second wave. Third Wave Direct Action Corporation (organized in 1992) became in 1997 the Third Wave Foundation, dedicated to supporting "groups and individuals working towards gender, racial, economic, and social justice"; both were founded by (among others) Rebecca Walker, the daughter of the novelist and second-waver Alice Walker. Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richards, authors of Manifesta: Young Women, Feminism, and the Future (2000), were both born in 1970 and raised by second wavers who had belonged to organized feminist groups, questioned the sexual division of labour in their households, and raised their daughters to be self-aware, empowered, articulate, high-achieving women.

These women and others like them grew up with the expectation of achievement and examples of female success as well as an awareness of the barriers presented by sexism, racism, and classism. They chose to battle such obstacles by inverting sexist, racist, and classist symbols, fighting patriarchy with irony, answering violence with stories of survival, and combating continued exclusion with grassroots activism and radical democracy. Rather than becoming part of the "machine," third wavers began both sabotaging and rebuilding the machine itself.

Influenced by the postmodernist movement in the academy, third-wave feminists sought to question, reclaim, and redefine the ideas, words, and media that have transmitted ideas about womanhood, gender, beauty, sexuality, femininity, and masculinity, among other things. There was a decided shift in perceptions of gender, with the notion that there are some characteristics that are strictly male and others that are strictly female giving way to the concept of a gender continuum. From this perspective each person is seen as possessing, expressing, and suppressing the full range of traits that had previously been associated with one gender or the other. For third-wave feminists, therefore, "sexual liberation," a major goal of second-wave feminism, was expanded to mean a process of first becoming conscious of the ways one's gender identity and sexuality have been shaped by society and then intentionally constructing (and becoming free to express) one's authentic gender identity.

Manifestations

Third wavers inherited a foothold of institutional power created by second wavers, including women's studies programs at universities, long-standing feminist organizations, and well-established publishing outlets such as Ms. magazine and several academic journals. These outlets became a less important part of the culture of the third wave than they had been for the second wave.

In expressing their concerns, third-wave feminists actively subverted, co-opted, and played on seemingly sexist images and symbols. This was evident in the double entendre and irony of the language commonly adopted by people in their self-presentations. Slang used derogatorily in most earlier contexts became proud and defiant labels. The spirit and intent of the third wave shone through the raw honesty, humour, and horror of Eve Ensler's play (and later book) The Vagina Monologues, an exploration of women's feelings about sexuality that included vagina-centred topics as diverse as orgasm, birth, and rape; the righteous anger of punk rock's riot grrrls movement; and the playfulness, seriousness, and subversion of the Guerrilla Girls, a group of women artists who donned gorilla masks in an effort to expose female stereotypes and fight discrimination against female artists.

The third wave was much more inclusive of women and girls of colour than the first or second waves had been. In reaction and opposition to stereotypical images of women as passive, weak, virginal, and faithful, or alternatively as domineering, demanding, slutty, and emasculating, the third wave redefined women and girls as assertive, powerful, and in control of their own sexuality. In popular culture this redefinition gave rise to icons of powerful women that included the singers Madonna, Queen Latifah, and Mary J. Blige, among others, and the women depicted in television series such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997-2003), Sex and the City (1998-2004), and Girlfriends (2000-08). Media programming for children increasingly depicted smart, independent girls and women in lead roles, including Disney heroines such as Mulan (1998) and Helen Parr and her daughter, Violet ( The Incredibles, 2006), and television characters such as Dora (Dora the Explorer, 1999-2006), Carly and Sam ( iCarly, 2007-12), and Sesame Street's first female lead, Abby Cadabby, who debuted in 2006. The sassy self-expression of "Girl Power" merchandise also proved popular.

The increasing ease of publishing on the Internet meant that e-zines (electronic magazines) and blogs became ubiquitous. Many serious independent writers, not to mention organizations, found that the Internet offered a forum for the exchange of information and the publication of essays and videos that made their point to a potentially huge audience. The Internet radically democratized the content of the feminist movement with respect to participants, aesthetics, and issues.

Controversies

Predictably, third wavers faced critics. Even as the third wave found its voice, some writers were declaring themselves postfeminist and arguing that the movement had lived beyond its usefulness. Meanwhile, established feminists of the earlier generation argued that the issues had not really changed and that the younger women were not adding anything of substance. By about 2000, some writers from inside and outside the movement rushed to declare that the wave had broken. In addition, questions of sexualized behaviour raised debate on whether such things as revealing clothing, designer-label stiletto heels, and amateur pole dancing represented true sexual liberation and gender equality or old oppressions in disguise.

As with any other social or political movement, fissures and disagreements were present in each wave of feminism. The third wave, to an extent almost unimaginable to the members of the first and second waves before it, was plural and multifaceted, comprising people of many gender, ethnic, and class identities, experiences, and interests. As such, its greatest strength, multivocality, was attacked by some as its greatest weakness. Third-wavers countered this criticism by stating that the creation of a unified agenda or philosophy-or at least, one that was unified beyond the very general statements offered by groups such as the Third Wave Foundation noted above ("groups and individuals working towards gender, racial, economic, and social justice")-was a goal that was not only unrealistic but undesirable.
Laura Brunell The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

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Feminism - Intersectionality, Inclusivity, Activism: The third wave of feminism emerged in the mid-1990s. It was led by so-called Generation Xers who, born in the 1960s and '70s in the developed world, came of age in a media-saturated and culturally and economically diverse milieu.

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(1940-1960) Document D Historian Alice Kessler-Harris

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(1940-1960) Document D Historian Alice Kessler-Harris

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The roles of women during this time period were to stay at home and care for the home and the children. However, a shift was beginning, and women were having to also work in order for the family to have a large enough income to survive. At this time only about 21.6 percent of women were working to help provide for their families, but this was a much larger number than the almost none who were working before then. As the years went on more women began to work as well. This source fits in and is a good example of this time period because it gives statistics about the time and how many women were working. It shows how not many women were working and it shows the increase of working women that occured as time went on. For example, it shows how in 1950 the number of working women was 21.6% and in 1960 it was 30.5%.

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Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

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(1900-1920) What Governments Say to Women

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(1900-1920) What Governments Say to Women

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The roles of women during this time period were to stay at home and do what was needed at the home. However, also during this time period, WWI was happening and the men had to go off to war. To solve the problem of not having enough men in the workforce, women had to take over. When the men came home, the women were fired and were told to go back to living life like they were before the war. Women were stripped of their duties and were treated poorly once again, after just having freedom and being treated almost like an equal. This source fits in and is a good example of this time period because it describes how women were treated during war and after war, and distinctively shows how their treatment changed. For example, in the first section it refers to the country as being the women’s country as well as the men’s, but in the second section it refers to the country as being the men’s land and the men’s land only. Once the country got its men back, they no longer needed the women, so they no longer had to treat them kindly to get them to help.

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Back to Lesson Plans
Are Women People? A Book of Rhymes for Suffrage Times (excerpt)
by Alice Duer Miller
For Lesson One

NOTE: This is an excerpt from Are Women People? A Book of Rhymes for Suffrage Times found in Votes for Women, 1848-1921.
{Excerpt Begins}
Introduction
Father, what is a Legislature?
A representative body elected by the people of the state.
Are women people?
No, my son, criminals, lunatics and women are nor people.
Do legislators legislate for nothing?
Oh, no; they are paid a salary.
By whom?
By the people.
Are women people?
Of course, my son, just as much as men are.
{Text Omitted}
Our Idea of Nothing at All
("I am opposed to woman suffrage, but I am not opposed to woman."- Anti-suffrage speech of Mr. Webb of North Carolina.)
{Text Omitted}
On Not Believing all You Hear
("Women are angels, they are jewels, they are queens and princesses of our hearts."- Anti-suffrage speech of Mr. Carter of Oklahoma.)

" Angel, or jewel, or princess, or queen, Tell me immediately, where have you been?"

"I've been to ask all my slaves so devoted Why they against my enfranchisement voted."

"Angel and princess, that action was wrong. Back to the kitchen, where angels belong."

Home and Where It Is
(An Indiana judge has recently ruled: As to the right of the husband to decide the location of the home that "home is where the husband is.")

Woman's place is home, I wis.
Leave your family bacon frying,
Leave your wash and dishes drying,
Leave your little children crying;
Join your husband, near or far,
At the club or corner bar,
For the court has taught us this;
"Home is where the husband is."

The Maidens's Vow
(A speaker at the National Education Association advised girls not to study algebra. Many girls, he said, had lost their souls through this study. The idea has been taken up with enthusiasm.)
{Text Omitted}
A Suggested Campaign Song
("No brass bands. No speeches. Instead still, silent, effective influence."-Anti-suffrage speech.)

We are waging-can you doubt it?
A campaign so calm and still
No one knows a thing about it,
And we hope they never will.
No one knows
What we oppose,
And we hope they never will.

We are ladylike and quiet,
Here a whisper-there a hint;
Never speeches, bands or riot,
Nothing suitable for print.
No one knows
What we oppose,
For we never speak for print.
{Text Omitted}
The Protected Sex
With apologies to James Whitcomb Riley.
("The result of taking second place to girls at school is that the boy feels a sense of inferiority that he is never afterward able entirely to shake off."- Editorial in London Globe against co-education.)

There, little girl, don't read,
You're fond of your books, I know,
But Brother might mope
If he had no hope
Of getting ahead of you.
It's dull for a boy who cannot lead.
There, little girl, don't read.
{Text Omitted}
Partners
("Our laws have not yet reached the point of holding that property which is the result of the husband's earnings and the wife's savings becomes their joint property. ... In this most important of all partnerships there is no partnership property."- Recent decision of the New York Supreme Court. )

Lady, lovely lady, come and share
All my care;
Oh how gladly I will hurry
To confide my every worry
(And they're very dark and drear)
In your ear.
Lady, share the praise I obtain
Now and again;
Though I'm shy, it doesn't matter,
I will tell you how they flatter:
Every compliment I'll share
Fair and square.

What Governments Say to Women
(The law compels a married woman to take the nationality of her husband.)

I In Time of War

Help us. Your country needs you;
Show that you love her,
Giver her your men to fight,
Ay, even to fall;
The fair, free land of your birth,
Set nothing above her,
Not husband nor son,
She must come first of all.

II In Time of Peace

What's this? You've wed an alien,
Yet you ask for legislation
To guard your nationality?
We're shocked at your demand.
A woman when she marries
Takes her husband's name and nation;
She should love her husband only.
What's woman's native land?
{Text Omitted} Our Own Twelve Anti-suffragist Reasons

1. Because no woman will leave her domestic duties to vote.

2. Because no woman who may vote will attend to her domestic duties.

3. Because it will make dissension between husband and wife.

4. Because every woman will vote as her husband tells her to.

5. Because bad women will corrupt politics.

6. Because bad politics will corrupt women.

7. Because women have no power of organization.

8. Because women will form a solid party and outvote men.

9. Because men and women are so different that they must stick to different duties.

10. Because men and women are so much alike that men, with one vote each, can represent their own views and ours too.

11. Because women cannot use force.

12. Because the militants did use force.

{Text Omitted} Why We Oppose Women Travelling in Railway Trains

1. Because travelling in trains is not a natural right.

2. Because our great-grandmothers never asked to travel in trains.

3. Because woman's place is the home, not the train.

4. Because it is unnecessary; there is no point reached by a train that cannot be reached on foot.

5. Because it will double the work of conductors, engineers and brakemen who are already overburdened.

6. Because me smoke and play cards in trains. Is there any reason to believe that women will behave better?

{Text Omitted} Why We Oppose Schools for Children (By the Children's Anti-School League.)

1. Because education is a burden, not a right.

2. Because not one-tenth of one per cent. of the children of this country have demanded education.

3. Because if we are educated we should have to behave as if we were and we don't want to.

4. Because it is essentially against the nature of a child to be educated.

5. Because we can't see that it has done so much for grown-ups, and there is no reason for thinking it will make children perfect.

6. Because the time of children is already sufficiently occupied without going to school.

7. Because it would make dissension between parent and child. Imagine the home life of a parent who turned out to be more ignorant than his (or her) child?

8. Because we believe in the indirect education of the theatre, the baseball field and the moving picture. We believe that schools would in a great measure deprive us of this.

9. Because our parents went to school. They love us, they take care of us, they tell us what to do. We are content that they should be educated for us.

Why We Oppose Votes for Men

1. Because man's place is the armory.

2. Because no really manly man wants to settle any question otherwise than by fighting about it.

3. Because if men should adopt peaceable methods women will no longer look up to them.

4. Because men will lose their charm if they step out of their natural sphere and interest themselves in other matters than feats of arms, uniforms and drums.

5. Because men are too emotional to vote. Their conduct at baseball games and political conventions shows this, while their innate tendency to appeal to force renders them peculiarly unfit for the task of government.

{Text Omitted} Interviews With Celebrated Anti-Suffragists
"Woman's place is in my home."-Appius Claudius.

"I have never felt the need of the ballot."-Cleopatra.

"Magna Charta merely fashionable fad of ye Barons."-King John.

"Boston Tea Party shows American colonists to be hysterical and utterly incapable of self-government."-George III.

"Know of no really good slaves who desire emancipation."-President of the United Slaveholders' Protective Association.
{Text Omitted} To the Great Dining Out Majority
The New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage is sending out leaflets to its members urging them to "tell every man you meet, your tailor, your postman, your grocer, as well as your dinner partner, that you are opposed to woman suffrage."

We hope that the 90,000 sewing machine operatives, the 40,000 saleswomen, the 32,000 laundry operatives, the 20,000 knitting and silk mill girls, the 17,000 women janitors and cleaners, the 12,000 cigarmakers, to say nothing of the 700,000 other women and girls in industry in New York State will remember when they have drawn off their long gloves and tasted their oysters to tell their dinner partners that they are opposed to woman suffrage because they fear it might take women out of the home.
{Excerpt Ends}

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Women's Suffrage: Their Rights and Nothing Less Student Materials

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Back to Lesson Plans by Alice Duer Miller For Lesson One NOTE: This is an excerpt from Are Women People? A Book of Rhymes for Suffrage Times found in Votes for Women, 1848-1921. {Excerpt Begins} Introduction Father, what is a Legislature? A representative body elected by the people of the state.

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(1870-1900) Document E: Letters Between Alexander Graham Bell and Mabel Hubbard Bell

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(1870-1900) Document E: Letters Between Alexander Graham Bell and Mabel Hubbard Bell

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The roles of women during this time period were to protect their husbands from the influences of the outside world. They also still had to care for the house and follow their husband’s rules. The men believed that what they were doing for women was a service to them and that they should be grateful that they didn’t have to work and that they had everything done for them that wasn’t inside the house. This source fits in and is a good example of this time period because it shows both a man’s and a woman's perspective on the time. The man’s perspective is that women should be grateful for what they do for woman. The woman’s perspective is that women should be fighting for their rights and that they should be allowed to have the same rights as men.

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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(1840-1870) Document E: Advice to Young Ladies

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(1840-1870) Document E: Advice to Young Ladies

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The roles of women during this time period were very strict and confining. Women were expected to listen to their husbands and do what they said, they had to clean and take care of the house, and they had to cook and make sure that everything was prepared for her husband when he got home from work. This source fits in and is a good example of this time period because it describes all of the things expected and it was written by a man showing that they thought they had were superior and had control. For example, it says, “When married you are you must learn to submit to the whims of a husband.”

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.