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Article #1: Giving Kids A Say:   Schools Switch From Suspensions To Restorative Justice

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Article #1: Giving Kids A Say:   Schools Switch From Suspensions To Restorative Justice

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I did Task #1 for this article

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There are no desks in AP Latin class at University City High School. Students instead "circle up" by facing each other in plastic chairs.

As the stuffed animal, "Felix the Talking Cat," makes its way around the circle, one student expresses worry about an exam later in the day. Seniors fret about pending college-acceptance letters. Another shares news of unexpectedly acing a test and the group cheers.

These circles, part of what's known as restorative practices and restorative justice, are a tool schools are using to reduce trauma and stress among students. It's a practice more schools in the St. Louis area are adopting in order to improve school climates and cut down on student outbursts, fights and distractions that can reduce time spent in the classroom learning.

"When you're just able to talk about it, it doesn't get to the point where it's harmful to you," said University City senior Kaya Blount.

Circles in Latin class focus on topics such as affirmation, values or mindfulness. They're guided by their teacher, who also takes part.

"It's just a time to calm down," said Leah Zukosky, also a senior, about this new Thursday ritual of circling up. "You can express how you feel, and nobody's going to judge you."

In addition to regular circles, schools are using restorative practices to mediate arguments among a smaller group of students, or between students and staff.
Discipline with dignity
There was a time that a student acting out in class was usually met with a suspension. Research in recent years showed those suspensions disproportionately targeted students of color and simply kept them out of class without improving what was at the root of those outbursts.

If students feel a sense of community and ownership of their actions and consequences, advocates say, behavior and school climate will improve over time.

But restorative-justice mediations don't mean students will just "hug it out" and not be punished for misbehavior. While minor offenses may no longer result in an automatic suspension, students will still be disciplined.

"It's how you discipline," said Gary Spiller, University City school district's director of student support services. "We do it with dignity."

"You really focus on the deed, not the doer," he added. "You focus on the impact of what that student is doing and also the responsibility of that students to make things right."

The roots of restorative justice go back to 2005 in the Oakland public-school system. It's gained popularity in schools across the country, and many districts in the St. Louis area have adopted it. East St. Louis, Maplewood Richmond Heights and Kirkwood school districts have all codified the model in the past few years.

Restorative practices led to a reduction in student suspensions in the Pittsburgh school district, according to a large study by the RAND Corporation. Yet that same study also noted academic outcomes and test scores did not improve significantly.

Spiller often reminds people it's called restorative practices, not restorative perfection.

"Sometimes it's going to be great and awesome, and other times it's going to be kind of icky," he said. "And that's OK, we have to continue to work through it."
Changing culture
Teacher buy-in is not always universal. Some educators express frustration with the move toward restorative justice if schools don't provide enough training or additional resources, such as additional social workers in the building.

"Making a change like this isn't about flipping a switch," said Emily Luft, a program director with Alive and Well, a nonprofit helping U City implement trauma-informed teaching and restorative practices.

"There's a lot that goes into what has created the current state of the culture of a school. And so one training, one introduction of a tool, is not going to undo the years or decades that's created a particular culture."

School cultures can run deep. The KIPP charter network long used the saying "no excuses" - which was perceived to mean its schools were strict. KIPP teachers are now going through a yearlong training on implementing restorative justice, and KIPP has dropped "no excuses" from its branding.

That doesn't mean the high expectations are gone, according to Ellen Weber, a social worker at Kipp Triumph Academy middle school.

"Having this type of interpersonal, conflict-resolution skill-building is what will get our kids to be able to put those conflicts aside in the classroom and really focus on academics," Weber said, "but also be able to have these skills for the rest of their lives."
Follow Ryan on Twitter: Send questions and comments about this story to feedback@stlpublicradio.org @rpatrickdelaney

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Giving Kids A Say: Schools Switch From Suspensions To Restorative Justice

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There are no desks in AP Latin class at University City High School. Students instead "circle up" by facing each other in plastic chairs. As the stuffed animal, "Felix the Talking Cat," makes its way around the circle, one student expresses worry about an exam later in the day.

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Restorative Justice meditation improves students' mental and emotional health, disciplines them with dignity and changes culture. In other words, when people express their worry and stress in a circle with a group of people and get to talk about it, it would make them feel relieved and comfortable.

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Two pieces of evidence that support the claim:

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Two pieces of evidence that support the claim:

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1.) "“When you’re just able to talk about it, it doesn’t get to the point where it’s harmful to you,” said University City senior Kaya Blount." The article cited the Kaya Blount to convey their point and support their claim that circles of people make everything easier.
2." If students feel a sense of community and ownership of their actions and consequences, advocates say, behavior and school climate will improve over time." The article also cites the advocates to support their claim that students behavior, their mental health and emotional health improves if they have people and other students to share their thoughts with.

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The article used a quotes from credible sources and organizations to provide data that supports their claim. The article also uses statistics of the history and popularity of restrictive justice and data from other places where restrictive justice has been used. For instance the article states, "Restorative practices led to a reduction in student suspensions in the Pittsburgh school district, according to a large study by the RAND Corporation."

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Article #2: Does Suspending Students Work?

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Article #2: Does Suspending Students Work?

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Task #2

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New research shows that sending kids home from school as punishment may do more harm than good

Hal Bergman Photography / Getty Images

Every now and again we hear stories about a kid getting suspended from school for some absurdly minor infraction. In October, four teenage boys in Pekin, Illinois, were suspended for two days for eating energy mints in the cafeteria. Last year, there was a rash of suspensions of students for hugging, and examples of cases involving dress codes such as haircuts or t-shirts are too many to list. Although the misdeeds are very small, the incidents raise a bigger issue: does suspending a kid from school work? In other words, does it actually ameliorate behavioral and academic problems?

Increasingly, the answer seems to be no. In fact, suspensions may do more harm than good. As Pamela Fenning and her colleagues noted in the April 2012 Journal of School Violence, most school districts continue to use out-of-school suspensions even for minor disciplinary issues even though they tend to actually exacerbate problem behaviors and also may lead to academic problems. Further, out-of-school suspensions are not fairly applied with minority youth being assigned punitive suspensions at greater rates than non-minority youth according to a 2012 report by the US Department of Education.

( MORE: Why Parenting Is More Important Than Schools)

Reasons why out-of-school suspensions don't work are fairly obvious. Giving students what amounts to a free day or two off doesn't actually feel like punishment for most kids, especially those who may already be hostile towards school to begin with. But if the student then misses school work, his or her grades will decline, further increasing the student's detachment from the academic environment. Out-of-school suspensions leave kids at home unsupervised and able to cause more problems. And they also do nothing to teach appropriate alternative behavior nor address underlying issues that may be causing the bad behavior.

In fairness, schools often struggle to find alternatives for kids whose discipline problems are truly serious and who may disrupt the learning environment for other students. I've worked clinically with enough kids to understand that, although they are a tiny minority, some can be so disruptive that the interventions teachers have at hand will have little impact. Unfortunately, we don't yet have any empirically-validated alternatives. Some schools have implemented either in-school suspension or Saturday suspension (effectively a Saturday detention) so that students are not rewarded by being excused from school and won't miss out on schoolwork.

( MORE: Should Teachers Be Allowed To Sell Their Lesson Plans?)

As always, school districts may struggle to find the financial resources to provide services for students at highest risk. In the absence of those resources, it's understandably tempting to want to eject some students to preserve the educational opportunities for others. However, that simply kicks the societal cost down the road. Academic failure is a significant predictor of later occupational and legal problems as an adult. Figuring out how to appropriately discipline students at highest risk for academic failure should be a part of discussion about educational reform. Otherwise we risk leaving behind the most vulnerable of our citizens.

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New research shows that sending kids home from school as punishment may do more harm than good Every now and again we hear stories about a kid getting suspended from school for some absurdly minor infraction. In October, four teenage boys in Pekin, Illinois, were suspended for two days for eating energy mints in the cafeteria.

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To persuade school, teachers and counselors that suspending students doesn't work and instead, causes more harm and academic problems. The article's purpose is also informational because it explains the reasons why out of school suspensions don't work and the negative causes of suspension.

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Tone: The author is able to express his thoughts and feelings about suspension through this article. The author's tone is serious, straightforward and casual.

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Logos: The author uses data from other schools to prove his side of the argument that suspending students doesn't work and causes harm.
The author also used some ethos to convince the audience of his credibility in the subject and knowledge of the subject. "I’ve worked clinically with enough kids to understand that, although they are a tiny minority, some can be so disruptive that the interventions teachers have at hand will have little impact."

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How did the tone cause the appeal (logos) to support the purpose?

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How did the tone cause the appeal (logos) to support the purpose?

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The tone of the author serious, straightforward and casual makes the article logical and achieves his purpose  of persuading others that suspension doesn't work. Through the use of evidence such as data and statistics, and hitting the audience with logical facts, the author builds his argument by pushing the appeal of logic and reasoning.

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Task 3: Personal reaction to School Discipline

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Task 3: Personal reaction to School Discipline

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I enjoyed reading about this topic because I was able to connect to it as a student. It surprised me how kids get suspended for the smallest issues. The first article about Restorative Justice was interesting because students were able to share their ideas with other people and they felt relieved after it and it reduced their stress. I think that all universities and even schools should switch to restorative justice instead of suspension because it makes a positive impact on the student, unlike suspension which affects them negatively.

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Article #1 Lakota Schools Bathroom Decision 

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Article #1 Lakota Schools Bathroom Decision 

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Task #1

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Dear Lakota School Board:

It is rare to have history handed to us, but when it is, the actions we take in those moments are those upon which we will be judged.

Title IX mandates that we do not discriminate in public schools, yet last evening Lakota Public School District voted to discriminate against transgender students.

Shame on you.

Understanding that many people in your school district may not be comfortable with transgender people, it is your responsibility as elected officials of a school district to make decisions that are in the educational best interest of the child.

It is your responsibility to help people who are not educators understand why issues important to the education of children are just that - important.

As elected representatives of a school district, it is assumed that you understand education. To that end, you likely understand that young people must feel safe and valued in order to learn.

The decision you made last evening to perpetuate discrimination has now made it difficult or impossible for a portion of your student body population to learn.

History was handed to you last evening and you chose to side with the fare of the day - bigotry and close-mindedness.

As I am sure you are aware, transgender teen suicides are on the rise. The decision made by three of your school board members last evening just sent a message - loud and clear - that your district does not value transgender teens. This is truly shameful.

I would like to take a moment out of this note to let the teens in your district know that they are valued, loved, and accepted - that there are school districts that abide by Title IX and that value diversity.

If you are a transgender teen reading this, please allow me to send you my love and let you know that you are welcome in Cincinnati Public School District at any time.

We won't push you out in Cincinnati. We accept differences and celebrate them in Cincinnati. In fact, we think being different is cool.

Being a teenager is difficult enough as it is, and schools are a place where teenagers should be able to seek out answers, ask difficult questions, try on different hats, and discover who they are meant to be.

How would you, Lakota School Board, respond to a teenager who is questioning whether or not you value them this morning? What would you tell them? How would you explain your reasoning that "18 months wasn't enough time" to unpack this proposed policy that protects transgender teens?

(Take it from me as someone who worked with teenagers for 13 years - 18 months is a lifetime to them and they will laugh at you the same way I did when I read that in the newspaper.)

To the two members of Lakota Public School Board who did not vote to discriminate against kids: Thank you for your stand. I understand that it is now your duty to accept this board vote as policy and move forward. I do hope that you still raise your voices on behalf of kids as it is the board's duty to keep kids central to the decision-making process, and it is clear your three colleagues did not.

I do not envy your position, but I applaud your efforts and your vote.

In closing, I would like to resend my love to all the kids in Lakota Schools. Some of you will not understand why this vote is a big deal until much later in life, but some of you understand it today and likely have many questions as you grieve the bigotry of the adults governing your district.

Remember - there are way more adults who accept you than not - do not allow the vote of three close-minded people make you think you are not valued. You are. They are the ones with the problem, not you.
Mike Moroski is the executive director of UpSpring and a newly elected member of the Cincinnati Public School Board.

Mike Moroski (Photo: Provided)

Read or Share this story: http://cin.ci/2jxiCez

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Lakota schools bathroom decision shows district doesn't value transgender teens

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Dear Lakota School Board: It is rare to have history handed to us, but when it is, the actions we take in those moments are those upon which we will be judged. Title IX mandates that we do not discriminate in public schools, yet last evening Lakota Public School District voted to discriminate against transgender students.

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Lakota Public School District should not discriminate transgender students, as elected officials of a school district, Lakota Public School District should be responsible to make decisions that are in the educational best interest of the child.

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Two pieces of evidence that support the claim

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Two pieces of evidence that support the claim

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1.) The author used logos as evidence, "Transgender teen suicides are on the rise. The decision made by three of your school board members last evening just sent a message – loud and clear – that your district does not value transgender teens."
2.) "The decision you made last evening to perpetuate discrimination has now made it difficult or impossible for a portion of your student body population to learn." The author uses the fact that students can't learn when they are discriminated supports his argument that Lakota Schools should not discriminate transgender students and that students should go to Cincinnati Public School where transgenders are not discriminated or abused.

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The writer uses data and statistics from the past years of teens' suicidal due to discrimination and the number of transgender students getting discriminated to support his argument that discriminating the transgender students would affect their mental and emotional health, and thus increase teen suicide.

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Task #2

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July 16, 2015
In her first major appearance since coming out as transgender, Caitlyn Jenner took the stage at the ESPY Awards in Los Angeles to a standing ovation. And in front of some of the world's biggest athletes and celebrities, she told the world what the transgender community needs.

"Trans people deserve something vital: They deserve your respect," Jenner said, as NBC reported. "If you want to call me names, make jokes, doubt my intentions, go ahead, because the reality is, I can take it," she said. "But for the thousands of kids out there, coming to terms with being true to who they are, they shouldn't have to take it."

Jenner was this year's recipient of the Arthur Ashe Courage Award, named for the African American tennis star who died of AIDS in 1993.

[Why some critics don't think Caitlyn Jenner deserved the Arthur Ashe Award]

Here's the full text of Jenner's comments:

"Thank you so much. It is so wonderful to be here tonight. The last few months have been a whirlwind of so many different experiences and emotions. But to tell you the truth, it seems like every time I turn around in life, I'm putting myself in these high-pressured situations. Competing in the Games, raising a family. But I've never felt more pressured than I ever have in my life than the last couple of months. Picking out this outfit - okay, girls, I get it! [Laughter.] You got to get the shoes, the hair, the makeup, the whole process. It was exhausting. And next, the fashion police - please be kind on me. I'm new at this.

"But I just want to say a quick shout out to our soccer team. [Applause.] Ladies, you clean up very well.

[Best of 2015 ESPYs: Highlights, winners and more]

"But the real truth is, before a few months ago, I had never met anybody else who was trans, who was like me. I had never met a trans person, never. Now, as you just saw, I dealt with my situation on my own in private, and that turned this journey into an already incredible education.

"It's been eye-opening, inspiring, but also frightening. All across this country, right now, all across the world, at this very moment, there are young people coming to terms with being transgender. They're learning that they're different, and they are trying to figure out how to handle that, on top of every other problem that a teenager has.

"They're getting bullied, they're getting beaten up, they're getting murdered and they're committing suicide. The numbers that you just heard before are staggering, but they are the reality of what it is like to be trans today.

"Just last month, the body of 17-year-old Mercedes Williamson, a transgendered young woman of color, was found in a field in Mississippi stabbed to death. I also want to tell you about Sam Taub, a 15-year-old transgendered young man from Bloomfield, Michigan. In early April, Sam took his own life. Now, Sam's story haunts me in particular because his death came just a few days before my interview with Diane Sawyer. Every time something like this happens, people wonder, 'Could it have been different if spotlighting this issue with more attention could have changed the way things happen?' We'll never know.

"If there's one thing I do know about my life, it is the power of the spotlight. Sometimes it gets overwhelming, but with attention comes responsibility. As a group, as athletes, how you conduct your lives, what you say, what you do is absorbed and observed by millions of people, especially young people. I know I'm clear with my responsibility going forward, to tell my story the right way, for me, to keep learning, to reshape the landscape of how trans issues are viewed, how trans people are treated. And then more broadly to promote a very simple idea: accepting people for who they are. Accepting people's differences.

"My plea to you tonight is to join me in making this one of your issues as well. How do we start? We start with education. I was fortunate to meet Arthur Ashe a few times, and I know how important education was to him. Learn as much as you can about another person to understand them better.

"I know the people in this room have respect for hard work, for training, for going through something difficult to achieve the outcome that you desire. I trained hard, I competed hard, and for that, people respected me.

"But this transition has been harder on me than anything I could imagine. And that's the case for so many others besides me. For that reason alone, trans people deserve something vital. They deserve your respect. [Applause.] And from that respect comes a more compassionate community, a more empathetic society and a better world for all of us.

"There have been so many people that have traveled this road before me. From, in sports, Renée Richards to Chaz Bono, to Laverne Cox, and many others. Janet Mock is with us tonight. And I want to thank them all publicly, and the ESPYs, and the late Arthur Ashe, for giving me this platform to start the next phase of my journey. I also want to acknowledge all the young trans athletes who are out there - given the chance to play sports as who they really are.

"And now, as of this week, it appears that trans people will soon be serving in the military. That's a great idea. We have come a long way. But we have a lot of work to do.

"I'd like to thank personally my buddy Diane Sawyer. You know, you can only tell your story the first time once, and, Diane, you did it so authentically and so gracefully. And me and the community are so thankful for that. And I thank you so much, Diane. I'm so proud to have you as a friend. [Applause.]

"Here comes the tough part. I'd like to thank my family. The biggest fear in Caitlyn Jenner coming out was I never wanted to hurt anyone else, most of all my family and my kids. I always wanted my family to be so proud of their dad because of what he has accomplished in his life. You guys have given so much back to me, you've given me so much support, I'm so, so grateful to have all of you in my life. Thank you.

"And certainly last, but not least, my mother. My mom who, just a little over a week ago, had to have surgery and didn't think she was going to make it, but she's here with me tonight to share this night. Now, you know I always thought that I got my courage and my determination from my dad, who landed on Omaha Beach and fought all the way through World War II. But you know what I'm thinking now, Mom, is that I got all these qualities from you. I love you very much. I'm so glad you're here to share this with me.

"You know, it is an honor to have the word 'courage' associated with my life. But tonight another word comes to mind and that is fortunate. I owe a lot to sports. It has shown me the world, it has given me an identity. If someone wanted to bully me, well, you know what? I was the MVP of the football team. That wasn't going to be a problem. And the same thing goes tonight. If you want to call me names, make jokes, doubt my intentions, go ahead, because the reality is I can take it. But for the thousands of kids out there who are coming to terms with being true to who they are, they shouldn't have to take it. (applause.)

"So for the people out there wondering what all this is about - whether it's about courage or controversy or publicity - well, I'll tell you what it's all about. It's about what happens from here. It's not just about one person. It's about thousands of people. It's not just about me. It's about all of us accepting one another. We are all different. That's not a bad thing, that's a good thing and while it may not be easy to get past the things you do not understand, I want to prove that it is absolutely possible if we only do it together.

"Thank you so much for this. Thank you so much for this honor bestowed on myself and on my family. Thank you."

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Here is Caitlyn Jenner's powerful speech at the ESPYs

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July 16, 2015 In her first major appearance since coming out as transgender, Caitlyn Jenner took the stage at the ESPY Awards in Los Angeles to a standing ovation. And in front of some of the world's biggest athletes and celebrities, she told the world what the transgender community needs.

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Caitlyn Jenner gave her speech to tell her story to the world the right way, to reshape the landscape of how trans issues are viewed and treated. Also, to promote the idea of accepting people for who they are, and accept their differences.

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Caitlyn Jenner's Tone was the most effective. Her tone was positive, assertive, sentimental, and defensive. Throughout her speech, Caitlyn Jenner addressed the idea of accepting people's differences and her use of words were so emotional. Caitlyn Jenner was defensive towards the transgender community and assertive. She declared proudly that she was a transgender and that she can take it if people call her names, make jokes and doubt her intentions.

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Caitlin Jenner was able use all 3 appeals in her speech. She was able to appeal to people's emotions, build her credibility and establish some facts and statistics. The appeal used the most in Caitlyn Jenner's speech was definitely pathos because her speech was full of emotion. Jenner uses emotion in her speech to change people and persuade them to accept transgenders. She said, "They’re getting bullied, they’re getting beaten up, they’re getting murdered and they’re committing suicide. The numbers that you just heard before are staggering, but they are the reality of what it is like to be trans today."

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How did the  tone cause the appeal (Pathos) to support the purpose?

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How did the  tone cause the appeal (Pathos) to support the purpose?

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The tone of Caitlyn Jenner assertive, positive, defensive, and sentimental made her speech very persuading and emotional, which in turn achieves her goal to accept the transgender community and accept people for who they are. Using her words and speaking from her heart, people were able to view transgenders differently and grant them respect.

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I don't have a personal reaction to the first article because it was persuading other people to go to Cincinnati's school instead of Lakota's because of the transgender discrimination. However, I was really impressed y Caitlin Jenner's speech, It truly touched me and changed the way I view transgenders. Because of the way I was raised and the teachings of the bible and all that, I believed that transgenders were sinners who didn't accept themselves for who they are. After listening to Caitlin Jenner's speech, I respect the transgender community and accept their differences.

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Task #1

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With conversations about equal pay between men and woman in Hollywood becoming more of a discussion nowadays (and rightfully so), actress Emma Stone has shed some light on past experiences where compromises have been made.

During an interview with Out magazine, Emma revealed that past male colleagues have taken actual pay cuts to level out the salary differences. "In my career so far, I've needed my male co-stars to take a pay cut so that I may have parity with them," she said. "And that's something they do for me because they feel it's what's right and fair."

This all happened while discussing her upcoming film Battle of the Sexes, in which Emma portrays iconic tennis player Billie Jean King - who fought for equal pay rights in the sport. Emma continued, "If my male co-star, who has a higher quote than me but believes we are equal, takes a pay cut so that I can match him, that changes my quote in the future and changes my life. And this is Billie Jean's feminism, and I love it - she is equality, man: equality, equality, equality."

Emma's co-star Andrea Riseborough echoed sentiments about the movie, which centers on a polarizing tennis match in the early 1970s. Andrea told Out, "I didn't grow up knowing about the Battle of the Sexes, or Billie Jean King - I was born after the events - but there are so many really important moments in terms of paving the way for legislation for equal pay that are overlooked, and this is one of them."

And while Emma's revelation is definitely eye-opening, what's also majorly important is that Billie Jean King herself, who was also part of the interview, expanded on one of Emma's points. Emma said, "And so much of that changes your pay throughout your career, so I go more to the blanket issue that women, in general, are making four fifths at best." Which the tennis icon responded with, "White women. If you're African American or Hispanic it goes down, and then Asian Americans make 90 cents to the dollar."

The interview so vital in two ways: along with it being great that Emma was so candid about the gender wage gap, Billie Jean's clarification about the intersectionality of the topic is majorly important. Let's hope that this continues to spark conversations so that women, of all races, can be get paid fairly and equally.

Battle of the Sexes comes to theaters on September 22.

Related: Emma Stone Sent a Corsage to the Teen Who Asked Her to Prom
Check this out:

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Emma Stone Revealed Male Co-Stars Have Taken Pay Cuts to Make Things Fair

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With conversations about equal pay between men and woman in Hollywood becoming more of a discussion nowadays (and rightfully so), actress Emma Stone has shed some light on past experiences where compromises have been made. During an interview with Out magazine, Emma revealed that past male colleagues have taken actual pay cuts to level out the salary differences.

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The claim was that past male colleagues have taken actual pay cuts to level out the salary differences (i.e in order to equal their salaries to women's, men don't accept the difference in their money from that of woman's)

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Two pieces of evidence that support the claim:

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Two pieces of evidence that support the claim:

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When Emma Stone says that in her career she needed  male co-stars to take a pay cut so that she may have parity with them.

Men colleagues have always used actual pay cut offs because they felt it's what's right and fair.

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The support given was information/experiences that Emma Stone had with past male colleagues.

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Article #2: Pink Grammy's Speech About Beauty

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Article #2: Pink Grammy's Speech About Beauty

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Task #2

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One of the themes of the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards was to resist social injustice in general and the Trump administration in particular, but when Pink accepted the VMAs' Video Vanguard Award, she kept her resistance small and personal.

Pink's daughter, the singer said, had recently told her that she was the ugliest person she knew. "I look like a boy with long hair," she said to her mother.

In response, Pink made her a PowerPoint presentation, and filled it with pictures of Prince and David Bowie and Annie Lennox and Janis Joplin: "androgynous rock stars," she said, "and artists that live their truth, are probably made fun of every day of their lives, and carry on, and wave their flag, and inspire the rest of us."

When people want to make fun of her, Pink added, they often say that she looks like a boy. "They say that I look like a boy, or I am too masculine, too many opinions, my body is too strong," she said. But she refuses to change herself to please other people, she explained, and she continues to sell out arenas across the world. "So, baby, girl," she concluded, "we don't change. We take the gravel and the shell and we make a pearl."

The moment was a welcome reminder that while pop music is a deeply flawed industry, it has a long and proud history of celebrating gender fluidity and androgyny - or, as Pink put it, "There is so much rad shit going on in music."

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Watch: Pink's moving VMAs acceptance speech was about loving yourself for yourself

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One of the themes of the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards was to resist social injustice in general and the Trump administration in particular, but when Pink accepted the VMAs' Video Vanguard Award, she kept her resistance small and personal. Pink's daughter, the singer said, had recently told her that she was the ugliest person she knew.

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The purpose for Pink's speech after receiving the Michael Jackson Grammy awards was to inform people that they are just perfect by their true/actual appearance and self. You don't have to be someone else in order to inspire yourself even if you look like a person of the opposite gender, you are who you are. Also another note she wanted her daughter to understand that it is not all about appearance, it's about how you influence the people around you.

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Pink used a number of rhetorical devices in her speech. She used:

Positive connotation:- she used positive connotations to help her daughter understand that no matter how you look what matters is what you do. She used positive connotations like:- inspire, great, influential, artists, and beautiful.
Parallel structure:- She used it when she listed all the names of the artists that were influential. The use of parallel structure in her speech helped deliver the message in easier and quicker to the audience about all the artists that were androgynous but inspired others to do the best.
Metaphors:- Pink used metaphor to compare between different genders, between beauty and ugliness, and between gravel and pearl like when she said we take gravel and turn it into pearl.
Tone: Firm, strong, inspiring, confident, positive

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Pathos through the use of mother-daughter relationship and how her daughter thought she was ugly.

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How did parallel structure cause the appeal (Pathos) to support the purpose?

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How did parallel structure cause the appeal (Pathos) to support the purpose?

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One great support would be how Pink used parallel structure while mentioning the names of past androgynous and amazing artists therefore winning her audience trust and credibility to agree with her argument, by saying the names of a many different artists that were popular and loved by so many one at a time she was able to influence her audience to agree with her.

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Before I read the articles I didn't think that gender inequality was a major issue. The story of how Jade Hemeister broke the record and skied all the way from the Antarctic post to the Pole delivers a message to everyone that age and gender doesn't matter.  I was convince that we re all one and there is no differences that make us better than others. Boys and girls are both successful in their own ways.