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Socialism: an economic and political system where the ways of making a living are owned by the workers who run them and the people who depend on them, meaning the value made belongs to the people who make it, instead of a group of private owners.
Communism: a political ideology that will have everyone own everything but controlled by the government. This society would be based on the common ownership of the means of production and would not rely on social classes, or money.
Fascism: a form of government which is a type of one-party dictatorship. Fascists are against democracy. They work for a totalitarian one-party state. This aim is to prepare the nation for armed conflict, and to respond to economic difficulties.
Capitalism: economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

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Winston Smith wrestles with oppression in Oceania, a place where the Party scrutinizes human actions with ever-watchful Big Brother. Defying a ban on individuality, Winston dares to express his thoughts in a diary and pursues a relationship with Julia. These criminal deeds bring Winston into the eye of the opposition, who then must reform the nonconformist.

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What is the author’s worldview? What are the author’s biases? 

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What is the author’s worldview? What are the author’s biases? 

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Orwell's bias in his writing is hyper-critical of totalitarianism considering he was a staunch socialist. His political opinions laid the framework for 1984, essentially an alarm bell to the dangers of communism, fascism, and using technology to control people.

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What experiences in the author's life framed their work?

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What experiences in the author's life framed their work?

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A lot was going on the world during Orwell’s life and he saw the rise of the most dangerous socio-political regimes (Hitler, Stalin, Franco, Mussolini).
Orwell joined the British Independent Labour Party during his time in the Spanish Civil War and became a defender of of democratic socialism and a critic of totalitarianism for the rest of his life.
He vehemently opposed the Soviet Union’s failed idea of communism and Nazi Germany’s fascist regime. In 1984 he references that The Party uses anti-Semitic passions against their enemies (Goldstein).

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1984 is classically structured with Inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution.
The story is told from Winston's limited POV. You're not directly inside Winston's head but you the reader, only know what he's going through.

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Watch Out Sheeple: Orwell used this novel to express his disdain towards communist (The Soviet Union) and totalitarian governments (Spain) he saw with his own eyes. Orwell used this book as a warning sign for Western countries, especially at the start of the cold war.
Manipulation can influence perception. When Winston is caught siding with the rebellion, he is tortured for months as a means to "cure him of his insanity", a force change of perception make believing that 2+2=5.  When Winston shows he has not been brainwashed, he is then tortured with his worst fear, rats. This torture led to him being "successfully brainwashed" with his ending realization that "He loved Big Brother."

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Winston Smith: The main character,
Julia: Winston's love interest and a symbol of his rebellion.
Thought Police: secret police of the superstate Oceania, who discover and punish thoughtcrime, personal and political thoughts unapproved by the Party
Big Brother:  the leader of Oceania, a totalitarian state.
Emmanuel Goldstein: The counter-revolutionary leader of the Brotherhood.

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Publisher: Harvill Secker
Genre: Utopian/Dystopian Fiction, Social Science Fiction, Political Fiction.
Targeted Age: Was published as adult fiction but has been used throughout high school curriculum which makes it a common novel for YA.

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June 25 1903- January 21 1950
Born in present day Bihar, India (formerly British India)

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His works showcase his awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism

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How has your view on the given historical event changed?

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How has your view on the given historical event changed?

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I first read this book as a sophomore in high school for an English final project. The project was made to view the context solely within the realm of the story. The work being mutually exclusive from real life.
Reading it as an adult with political opinions of my own and an expanded worldview, I was able to appreciate the nuances and tie these events to their real-life counterparts.
When Winston is refrencing his job where he re-writes history to favor the super-state, it alluded to how our history books our usually written from one perspective (straight white men) and our world history curriculum favors atrocities done to white people like the Holocaust. I didn't even know there was a Spanish Civil War! The book makes a good case for how patriotism is often rooted in Xenophobia and ethnocentrism.