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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras

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A device for recording an image of an object on a light-sensitive surface; it is essentially a light-tight box with an aperture to admit light focused onto a sensitized film or plate

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refers to a camera which records images in a format larger than 4 x 5 inches. ... A 4 X 5 inch image has roughly 16 times the image area of that produced by a 35mm camera and therefore 16 times the total image resolution.

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gelatin developing out paper (DOP) is a monochrome imaging process based on the light sensitivity of silver halides. They have been made for both contact printing and enlarging purposes by modifying the paper's light sensitivity.

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a relatively new development in the world of photographycareers, but it is an exciting one, nevertheless. ... Photo curators collect, exhibit, research and maintain the photo collection at a museum. They are also responsible for the storage and presentation of photographical collections.

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or trade fair is often referred to as an art fair that shows the work of artists or art dealers where participants generally have to pay a fee. A vanity gallery is an exhibition space of works in a gallery that charges the artist for use of the space.

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The role of any rule of composition is to draw the eye into aphotograph. Framing refers to using elements of a scene to create a frame within your frame. For example, you might shoot through a doorway, pulled back curtains, branches, fences, tunnels, or arches to highlight your subject.

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a large room for the exhibition of pictures also : a collection of pictures.

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a legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work. ... Under the FederalCopyright Act of 1976, photographs are protected bycopyright from the moment of creation.

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the condition of having similar parts regularly arranged around a central axis.

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a line that splits an object in half and, if both sides of the object are an exact mirror image of each other

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two sides that don't match — it's uneven or out of whack

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placing two things together in order to show a contrast. It can show seriousness or convey a comical representation of a scene, setting or concept.

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Just one color. By picking different shades of the same color, you can highlight different areas of yourphotographs. a great technique to isolate individual colors and make them really stand out!

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sometimes called non-objective, experimental, conceptual or concrete photography, is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.

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not overpowering and tend to recede in space. For this reason, cool colors typically make a space seem larger. Examples of cool colors include green, blue and violet (think calming blue waters).

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are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming. Examples of warm colors include red, yellow and orange (think exciting fire and volcanoes). Contrast with cool colors.

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are ones which are opposite on the color wheel.

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as those colors to which you can't give a definite color name. If you can't describe your color scheme as blue, green, yellow, turquoise, pink, orange, red, etc, then you most likely have neutral colouring. These colors include beige, cream, ivory, white, grey, brown and natural wood.

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guideline which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs

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an image that is naturally more pleasing to the eye. The Rule of Thirds is one of the first compositional rules most new photographerslearn—and for good reason.

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a technique of composition where the viewer of your photos attention is drawn tolines that lead to the main subject of the image. Aleading line paves an easy path for the eye to follow through different elements of a photo.

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the objects in the frame and negative space is the spacebetween and around the objects in the frame.

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called white space is the area that surrounds the subject

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an impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice. To create an unbiased photographic image or documentary.

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emphasizes consideration of the photo that goes beyond the actual subject, inviting the viewer to interpret and reflect on the visual experience it produces

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Viciouscritique can contain no substance (“your photos are horrible”), or some substance wrapped in blistering words (“your photos are bad, you need to learn to use your camera”). Both are equally ineffective

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stealing the idea of someone else to create your own work, without giving any credit to the original source.

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it's a brand name. According to the U.S. Patent and Trade Office, it's a “word, name, symbol, device, or any combination, used or intended to be used to identify and distinguish the goods/services of one seller or provider from those of others, and to indicate the source of the goods/services.”

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refers to the main source of light behind the photographysubject. ... The subject is then placed in the middle of the light and the camera. This creates a certain glow effect at the edges or at the back of the subject.

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any form of lightthat the photographer did not add to their image, and can include both "natural" ambient sunlight, or "artificial" ambient light such as a nearby street light, lamp, or similar.

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the effect of light modelling in painting, drawing, or printmaking, where three-dimensional volume is suggested by the value gradation of colour and the analytical division of light and shadow shapes—often called "shading".

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a wonderful way to convey drama, mystery, emotion and mood in a picture. Asilhouette is defined as a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black.

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a popular format. Pairs of closely associated portraits, images or themed pictures are often used to off-set one another.

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a common style used in modern commercial artwork. The photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three.

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a picture element. Everyphotograph, in digital form, is made up of pixels. They are the smallest unit of information that makes up a picture. Usually round or square, they are typically arranged in a 2-dimensional grid. ... As you can see, the pixels approximate the actual image.

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the period of twilight when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon and residual, indirect sunlight takes on a predominantly blue shade, which differs from the one visible during most of a clear day, which is caused by Rayleigh scattering.

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the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky. The opposite period during twilight is blue hour, just before sunrise or after sunset, when indirect sunlight is evenly diffused.

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organizing and storing digital images.Image files are composed of digital data in one of these formats that can be rasterized for use on a computer display or printer. An image file format may store data in uncompressed, compressed, or vector formats.

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unprocessed orminimally processed data from the image sensor of a digital camera. ... Canon's RAW file extension is .CR2, Nikon's is .NEF, Olympus' is .ORF, Sony's is .ARW etc. First of all, you have to set your camera to shoot RAW,or RAW+JPEG

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a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop. PSD, which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data. PSD is a proprietary file that allows the user to work with the images' individual layers even after the file has been saved

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"Joint Photographic Experts Group."JPEG is a popular image file format. It is commonly used by digital cameras to store photos since it supports 2²⁴ or 16,777,216 colors. The format also supports varying levels of compression, which makes it ideal for web graphics

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a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers. ... The format was created by Aldus Corporation for use in desktop publishing.

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the camera's software fully controls all aspects of the photograph, from the shutter speed to the aperture settingto the focus.

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allows the photographer to determine the exposure of an image by letting them select an aperture value and a shutter speed value. ... These modes give the user control of either aperture or shutter speed, while letting the camera determine the remaining setting for best exposure.

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(usually denoted as S on the modedial), also called time value (abbreviated as Tv), refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the cameraadjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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refers to the fact that you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. Whether you choose Auto or Program, the camerachooses an aperture and shutter speed combination that will give you a good exposure.

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often abbreviated A or Av on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter

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measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in filmphotography – the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. ... By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.

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random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronicnoise. It can be produced by the sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera. ... Image noise is an undesirable by-product of image capture that obscures the desired information.

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A scale of measurement which is no longer used. Responsible for supplying the speed rating of photographic film Doubling the ASA number indicates twice the light sensitivity ASA was replaced with ISO in the 80s

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the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons. ... It can be objectionably noticeable in an over-enlarged photographic film photograph.

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an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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(Digital Single Lens Reflex) A digital still image camera that uses a single lens reflex (SLR) mechanism. Most professional cameras were analog single lens reflex until digital SLRs emerged in the early 1990s.

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text information pertaining to an image file that is embedded into the file or contained in a separate file that is associated with it. Image metadataincludes details relevant to the image itself as well as information about its production. ... Metadata can also be added directly on some digital cameras.

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a small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space. They are commonly used by digital photo organization programs as well as visual search engines. ... Digitalthumbnails are usually between 75x75 and 200x200 pixels in size.

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“Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake. ... Nikon VR originates in the lens, not in the image sensor, which means that algorithms optimized to an individual lens are applied.

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway. Many cameras will emit a beep and some of the AF points will light up—often in a red or green color—in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

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the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings. ... Autobracketing is a feature of many modern cameras. When set, it will automatically take several bracketed shots, rather than the photographer altering the settings by hand between each shot.

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the vertical bar under the scale, known as the exposure level indicator, predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the currentexposure settings. In autoexposure modes, theexposure level indicator stays pegged in the middle.

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is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker. In modes P, S, and A, the cameraautomatically adjusts settings for optimal exposure, but this may not always produce the exposure thephotographer intended.

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also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode or continuous high speed mode, is ashooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down

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the "aperture" opening of acamera lens, which allows light to come in. It also determines how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject (see depth of field)

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a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An optical system typically has many openings or structures that limit the ray bundles.

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the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture

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a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a system converges light, while a negative focal length indicates that the system diverges light.

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or exposure time is the length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light, also when a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time

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an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky.

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the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a cameraduring shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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tripod means three, the MONO inmonopod means one! They are simply a single leg support on which you can mount your camera and/or lens. ... Monopods are perfect for taking the weight of a heavy lens/camera combination to stop aches and pains from a long day of shooting.

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is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo. Proper camera white balancehas to take into account the "color temperature" of a light source, which refers to the relative warmth or coolness of white light.

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Used when shooting outdoors with the sun shining on the subject.

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Warmer than cloudy, adding orange colors to the photograph. Good for sunsets and shades.

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Used in cloudy days or in shades. Will yield warmer images than sunlight.

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Use it strictly under tungsten light bulbs or the image will look very blue.

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Use if photos look too green or when under fluorescent lights.

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Used when using on-camera flash.

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used to describe the darkest parts of an image. ... Manipulation of the lighting and exposure of shadow within an image can be used to add or remove darkness from a scene, dramatically altering the overall feel and depth of a photograph.

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That range of tones which lie between highlights with detail and shadows with detail. * Usually represents the portion of tone reproduction in which gradations change in proportion to change in brightness.

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a bright spot in a photograph. Normally it is assumed to be one of the brightest points in the image. Highlights are normally created by a bright or intense illumination or by various forms of diffusion or reflection. Highlights are created by any bright light source.

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a form of photographic print toning – a tone added to a black and white photograph in the darkroom to “warm” up the tones (though since it is still a monochromatic image it is still considered black and white).

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is process of editing the data captured by camera while taking the photo to enhance the image. ... There are more and more camera which have come into market which can capture RAW files. Raw files has much more data at pixel level which and help in post processing and enhancing the image.

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time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured is much more spread out than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing

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painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph

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The size of an image taken at different resolutions

The amount of detail that the camera can capture is called the resolution, and it is measured in pixels. The more pixels a camera has, the more detail it can capture and the larger pictures can be without becoming blurry or "grainy."