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The united Nations is an international organization formed in 1945, comprised of 51 countries. Due to WWII the UN was formed in the interest of world wide peace keeping. Since its formation the UN has helped enact many agreements across its member countries
in the interest of social and political freedom of the people. The United Nations also delivers humanitarian aid worldwide in relief of natural disasters or war torn areas.

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On 25 July 1946, the United States conducted the first-ever underwater nuclear explosion. They did this test to see the effects of the nuclear radiation on naval warships. The results lead to contaminated ships and the people on them were forced to evacuate. Another nuclear test was also cancelled because they were still suffering from this one.

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The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy that was created to contain Soviet expansion and the spread of communism to Europe. In 1949 this alliance led to the formation of NATO, a military alliance that still exists today. The Truman Doctrine only increased tensions between the Soviets and U.S. leading to the years of conflict between these two nations that kept the Cold War going for as long as it did.

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The workers party led a rebellion towards Czechoslovakia. The communist's leader tried to use the power he had over the people to help influence them to join the group of communists. Czechoslovakia leader didn't want to have a civil war so he gave his power to the communists. Many people didn't like this so they left the country and area so that they didn't have to be under the law of the communists.

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Joseph Stalin locked off all access to the entire city of Berlin. Including the East and West half. He didn't realize that planes are a thing, So the U.S, Great Britain and France flew supply runs over the city giving them supplies. for 15 months the Allies flew supplies into Berlin, then Stalin decided to lift the blockade, ending the Airlift operation.

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On April 3rd, 1948 President harry Truman signed the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan was a 4-year plan created to help rebuild the devastation caused by WWII in Europe. Another part of the plan was to remove trade Barriers between European Countries. European countries that were against America with exception of West Germany, got less funding. The money giving to these countries was supposed to grow their economies. Even though the increase of GDP in these countries was not massive, the program affected these countries positively, at least economically. The political effects were also funding the CIA, to help get them established in European countries, through “front” business. Also, Anti-communist insurgency in Ukraine was allegedly being funding by the CIA using money from the Marshall Plan.

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1.The Berlin airlift was an attempt by the allies to send supplies to West Berlin which had been cut off by the Soviets. This was caused by supplies being cut off the west Berlin and the allies hesitation to go by land into Soviet land so they went through the air.
2. Effects: The airlift proved the Soviets could be taken down without going to war and weakened the Soviets because the allies exposed a flaw. This giant rescue mission helped end the Berlin blockade and saved many allies trapped in the city.

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Much of the reason as to why NATO was created is majorly because Western states were in fear that the Soviets would try dominate them.  And this fear came from seeing other countries that the Soviets had dominated previously be suppress whether it was their people,  or economy. Being clearly excluded then prompted the Soviet union to create their own organization known as the Warsaw pact, which basically joined the military forces of many countries in Moscow for the Soviet union to use. But even with the Warsaw pact many Western countries now had this feeling of safety, were able to slowly start rebuilding the stability of their politics, and even economy.

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The Soviet Union Tests its First Atomic Bomb

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The Soviet Union Tests its First Atomic Bomb

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In August of 1949 the Soviet Union tested its first Atomic Weapons test in a site in Kazakhstan to keep it hidden from the world. The Americans no longer have a monopoly of atomic weapons and the Soviets and the Americans now go into an arms race to gain the upper hand on their counterparts.

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Mao Zedong establishes the People’s Republic of China -1949

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Mao Zedong establishes the People’s Republic of China -1949

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Mao Zedong established the people's republic of China in 1949 to preserve Chinese communism. He did this by purging the remnants of capitalist and other traditional elements from the Chinese society.
The people's republic of China effected the relations between countries during World War II. Communist China comprised nearly a quarter of the world's population at the time, and extended the cold war to East Asia.

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The Korean War began when the (Soviet occupied) South was invaded by the (US/Allies occupied) North, because the North seeked to reunite Korea. The South received military support from the US and the UN, and the North had military support from China and financial support from the Soviet Union. The end of the war resulted in no change politically in Korea, but left them with 2.5 million civilian casualties and heavily damaged in terms of infrastructure and economics. This war brought an increase in tensions between the Soviet Union and the US.

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the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization was created by the United States, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia, and the Philippines. The purpose of this treaty was to prevent communism from spreading around the region.

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Creation of the Warsaw Pact - May 14 1955

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Creation of the Warsaw Pact - May 14 1955

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The Soviet Union eventually made it clear that the primary purpose of the Warsaw Pact was to reinforce communist dominance in Eastern Europe.

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Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) - 1955-1979

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Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) - 1955-1979

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This was an anti-Soviet treaty organization that was formed by Great Britain, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and Turkey to stop the spread of communism throughout the Middle East. What led to the creation of this organization was the rapid spread and rise of communism in Europe and all around the world due to Soviet pressure. The U.S. was also a part of this, not as a member but joined the CENTO's military committee. The intended effect of this organization was to counter the threat of Soviet expansion into Middle East oil-producing regions, but it wasn't very effective and dissolved in 1979 when Iran withdrew.

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The revolt started as a student protest which soon attracted thousands of people. Multiple students died and sparked a bigger revolution.  The government collapsed due to the war. Thousands of hungarians were killed and a quarter of a million hungarians left the country after the revolution.

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The legislative office elections were seized when Batista rose to power, leading to Castros resistence movement against Batista and his force. His plan had suceeded, Batista fleed, and Castro had the opportunity to gain power. This event turned Cuba into the first communist state in the western hemisphere. Castro enforced tons of reforms. Fidel Castro's reforms alligned Cuba witht he Soviets and therefore alienated them from the U.S.

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The Bay of pigs was when the US paid for, and supported a group of Cuban exiles to go to Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro's Cuban revolution. This was a huge failure which led to Castro being viewed as a national hero and solidified himself as a leader in the people of Cuba's eyes. Because the US was supporting the people sent in to invade this drove Castro and all of Cuba closer to the Soviet Union.

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- Caused by Cold War tensions between United States, France, United Kingdom and the Soviet Union.
- The Soviet Union cut off land access between East Germany and West Berlin.

- The Berlin Wall was built to prevent the influence of the Soviet Union's communism on Germany.
- The wall divided families and limited freedom of movement between the city.

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The Berlin Wall was built by the German Democratic Republic to stop their people from attempting to escape to area of Western Berlin (Which was controlled by the Western Allies). It separated Berlin basically down the middle and stayed up until 1989 when it was temporarily taken down.

Effects of the Berlin wall being built includes people losing their jobs, separated from family, and conflict when people tried to escape past the wall.

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The Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct. 1962) was a 13 day standoff by the US, USSR, and Cuban governments due to the presence of soviet missiles on Cuba. One major cause of the crisis was the failure of the Bay of Pigs operation by the US government and military. After the failure, Fidel Castro, the communist leader of Cuba who had taken over Cuba in 1959, turned to the USSR for protection and resources. The USSR provided Cuba with missiles, which were discovered by the US in early October, generating intense fear surrounding the situation among US citizens, primarily due to how close Cuba was to Florida (90 miles). President Kennedy’s solution was to create a naval blockade around Cuba, a process that led Castro to promise the missiles would be removed if the blockade was lifted. This event led to much fear surrounding the possibility of a nuclear war. This was a long-term psychological effect of the crisis.

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The Test-Ban Treaty was signed by the United States, the Soviet Union, and many more not to include France and China, in 1963. The treaty was an agreement that they would not test any nuclear weapons above ground, in space, or under water in attempt to limit the amount of radiation people were exposed to. After 1963 nuclear weapons where only tested underground because it was viewed as controlled. Due to this action the earth's environment, and people's health where much better off overall because they were no longer exposed to large amounts of radiation from testings of weapons.

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The White Revolution was a reform in Iran that was made by the Shah of Iran at the time. The Shah had 6 main goals, but the most important were land reform and better treating of the peasant class. In response, many of the public, including small traders, students, workers, and the unemployed, rallied together in public protests. The government sent their army to fire at the protestors in order to stop the movement. One of the main leaders of the protests, Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini, was imprisoned, kept under house arrest, and then exiled to Turkey.

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The cultural revolution was a decade of rapid change in Chinese culture  enacted by Mao Zedong to preserve Chinese communist by purging traces of capitalism. This was so that china could become a "pure" example of communism. this caused a great turmoil in the party, and crippled the Chinese economy. Many people were assaulted and killed for appearing to be enemies of the state, or thinking in an "imperialist" nature

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Throughout the world, people worried about the effects that nuclear war could have on the environment and the masses. As a result of this fear, in 1968, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was signed which told nuclear powers not to spread their military nuclear technology and materials to non-nuclear countries. At the time, the NPT didn't achieve it's goal to stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons into certain countries. However, the treaty was successful in setting an example for international cooperation between nuclear and non-nuclear states to prevent destruction.

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The Islamic revolution was a series of events that ended the Pahlavi dynasty under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Protests were organized in opposition to the authoritarian government of Shah and continued for months. On February 11th, armed forces said they were going to stop fighting for Bakhtiar's provisional government, which marked the end of the monarchy and start of Ayatollah Khomeini's rule. The government was replaced with an Islamic republic under a major leader of one of the factions in the revolt.

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The Contra War was a US backed and funded war in Nicaragua as Marxist Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction Government came to power. The US funded and faught along side right wing rebel groups to try to overtake the conmunist ideals of the Nicaraguan government. The US backing was eventually baned by congress and later continued on the low by the Regan administration which led to the Iran-Contra affair. This war led to peace treaty and eventually a new election with lots of anti-communist parties running.

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The Soviet Afghan war was a war fought between the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, and the soviet army, which was fought mostly in afghan countryside. It was caused when the government in afghanistan was taken over by the Afghanistan communist party, and many people did not like it. During this period of time, the new political party in charge tried to make many changes and reforms which just made people more upset. when fighting finally did break out, it was because the second in command to the democratic republic had been coordinating with the soviets and assassinated the leader of the republic, Nur Mohammad Taraki. 500,000 - 2,000,000 people were killed during the conflict.

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The Tiananmen Square Incident was a series of protests and demonstrations in Beijing China .  After being exposed to foreign living and economic standards, many citizens made public demonstrations for political and economic reform in China.

These protests led to the government cracking down on the protests and to the "Tiananmen Massacre" where people (including soldiers) were killed in the event. This heavily impacted China's international relationships, for example, western powers prevented the sale of military weapons and loans to China.

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As the Cold War was mellowing out, East Germany declared a change in their attitude towards West Germany. At midnight on November 9th, people from the east were allowed to cross into the west, and over 2 million people crossed over that weekend. This marked the fall of the Iron Curtain, and led to a downfall of communism in east and central Europe. This also directly led to the fall of the eastern bloc, and people began traveling between countries such as Germany, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia, which was not possible before

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The Great leap was a plan carried out by Mao Zedong and the China Communist Party. It involved the forced agricultural collectionivization and industrialization of China. The plan resulted in over 30 million deaths by starvation, execution, torture, forced labor, and suicide out of desperation. It was the largest single, non-wartime campaign of mass killing in human history.