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• Kwazulu natal
• Eastern cape
• Northern cape
• Western cape

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This biome is the main support for many cities in South Africa. In Cape Town, there is a large selection of fish that is taken from the Indian Ocean and sold overseas and locally. In Kwazulu Natal, due to the warmer currents it is the perfect place for a vacation and theme parks such as Ushaka marine world have been built near this biome resulting in more visitors and tourists.

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In the north-eastern and north-western waters of the Indian Ocean, a positive Indian Ocean Dipole occurs with higher than normal sea surface temperatures and majority of the rainfall occurs by the eastern coast of the African continent. The Indian Ocean Dipole does not occur every year.

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The Indian ocean is threatened by many factors some of which include:

1. Over fishing

2. Pollution

3. Oil spills

4. Acidification

5. Climate Change

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There is an immense amount of pollution within the Indian Ocean. Studies have shown that there are more that 1 trillion pieces of rubbish floating around the Indian ocean. It has been said that the combined weight of the plastic in the ocean amounts to beyond the amount of 38 000 elephants. Due to the fact that there is a lot of plastic in the ocean just laying about, large amounts of the sea life have suffered  because of the plastic by either feeding of it because it looks edible and they are therefore no longer able to eat or properly digest the food that they have eaten which leads them to death.

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The current system on the Indian Ocean is largely influenced by the Indian Monsoon Current. The Indian Monsoon current alters the current in the ocean waters in the tropical northern regions of the Indian ocean. In winter currents are blown towards the westward near the Indonesian Archipelago to the Arabian sea.

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Marine (2021). Marine - Biomes Of The World. [online] Google.com. Available at: https://sites.google.com/site/biomesoftheworld10/marine-biome [Accessed 11 Mar. 2021].

Wikipedia Contributors (2021). African penguin. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_penguin [Accessed 11 Mar. 2021].
La 100 (2021). Video: la dramática (y peligrosa) persecución de unas orcas a un grupo de tiburones blancos. [online] La 100. Available at: https://la100.cienradios.com/video-la-dramatica-y-peligrosa-persecucion-de-unas-orcas-a-un-grupo-de-tiburones-blancos/ [Accessed 11 Mar. 2021].

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The African penguin also known as the Cape penguin. They are the only penguin species in Africa.It is flightless, with a streamlined body and wings stiffened and flattened into flippers for a marine habitat. There are approximately  50,000 birds and declining. African Penguins are declining in the wild due to a variety of threats, including oil spills and depleted prey populations as a result of over fishing.

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In order for proper energy transfer to occur, we need or decomposers at the end of the chain, in the ocean these may be; Worms, hagfish, fungi and bacteria.

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Due to the immense size of this biome, the temperature varies a lot being from -40 Celsius to 38 Celsius but averages at 4 Degrees Celsius.

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Sunlight in marine biomes is used for photosynthesis for the likes of plankton and is why 90% of ocean life lives in the sunlit zone, as the solar energy doesn't reach further deps of the ocean therefore making some organisms further below more translucent

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The ocean water has a pH of 8.1  which makes it alkaline, this is due to it's ionic strength being substantially high with combinations of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sodium and Chlorine.

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Some carnivores are larger fish like orca and sharks like the Great White Shark.

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Some secondary consumers are smaller fish and whales.

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Some primary consumers are mussels, lobsters, and shrimp.

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There are quite a few producers found in the ocean the likes of which are; Algae, Sea cabbage, Phytoplankton, mangroves and Sea cabbage.

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There are countless organisms found in the World's largest biome, from the likes of jellyfish, and whales to Algae,  krill, sharks and phytoplankton. They are all critical to the survival of this biome and if one were to be in oversupply or short supply, knock on effects would be felt by all the other organisms in the ecosystem which can lead to major deaths, and even extinction of some of the species. This is why the ocean is so very fragile and must be protected at all costs.

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The saltwater is a critical abiotic factor found in the marine biome as it affects the density of the water slightly and forces animals to adapt to it by having to filter out the salt content to keep hydrated.

Most plants there are hydrophytes by being entirely submerged by water and by sometimes being on top of the water

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It is no secret that the marine biome is by far the most immense biome and community found on the planted submerging the giants of the deep as we rely on them ever so much

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It is very difficult to measure rainfall in this area however

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The water found here isn't fresh normally and has a heightened concentration of salt which affects the diet of all the fauna and flora found here and has made them adjust

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This biome in specific is probably the most common on Earth.