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AstraZeneca is a global pharmaceutical company headquartered in Cambridge, England, UK. It is the world's fifth-largest pharmaceutical company by revenue and has operations in more than 100 countries. The company develops, manufactures and sells drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neurological, psychiatric, infectious, inflammatory, respiratory and oncological diseases.
The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine relies on the genetic instructions of the virus to build the spike protein. But unlike the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, which store the instructions in single-stranded RNA, the Oxford vaccine uses double-helix DNA.
On 30 December 2020, the vaccine was first approved for use in the UK, and the first vaccination outside of a clinical trial took place on 4 January 2021.

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Johnson & Johnson is an American multinational manufacturer of medical devices, pharmaceuticals, personal care, fragrances and baby products founded in 1886. Its common stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and was the 37th-ranked company by the 2018 Fortune index on the list of the five hundred largest U.S. companies by gross revenue.
Its headquarters are located in New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States.
Instead of using mRNA, Johnson & Johnson's vaccine uses an inactivated adenovirus to deliver the instructions. This adenovirus is in no way related to the coronavirus. It is a completely different virus. Although it can deliver the instructions on how to defeat the coronavirus, it cannot replicate in your body and will not cause a viral infection.
The vaccine began clinical trials in June 2020, with phase III trials involving around 43,000 people.12 On 29 January 2021, Janssen announced that the vaccine had 66% efficacy in a one-dose regimen to prevent symptomatic COVID-19.

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Moderna is a US biotechnology company specialising in the discovery and development of drugs and technologies that enable new vaccines based exclusively on messenger RNA. Its name, formerly ModeRNA, is an acronym for Modified RNA.
Use an innovative technology called messenger RNA, which also means that manufacturing is faster
This vaccine received an emergency use authorisation from the US Food and Drug Administration on 18 December 2020. It was authorised for use in Canada on 23 December 20204 and in the European Union on 6 January 2021.

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Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccines are messenger RNA vaccines, also called mRNA vaccines. The mRNA vaccines are some of the first COVID-19 vaccines licensed and approved for use in the United States.
Pfizer, Inc. is an American pharmaceutical company which, after mergers with Pharmacia and Upjohn and Parke Davis, is the world's leading pharmaceutical company. The company is headquartered in New York.
Clinical trials of the vaccine began in April 2020. Six months later, on 9 November 2020, interim analysis of a trial of 43,538 research participants, 94 of whom had been diagnosed with COVID-19, showed that the vaccine was more than 91.3% effective seven days after the second dose was administered.