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Milan takes on a city-state government

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A circular moat called Naviglio, was constructed around the town. The Naviglio was built as a means to connect the city of Milan with the Ticino and Adda rivers. These rivers were used for many things like transportation of marble as well as commercial purposes.

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Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa besieges and sacked the city, but it then rebelled. The siege then became known as “The Siege Of Crema”

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Despite the efforts of the Creaschi (the people of Crema), The  Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa seized and destroys the city

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After the Peace of Constance Milan returned to the commune form of government.
Fredrik the first, his son, and his co-ruler gave a privilege to the Lombard League to end the state rebellion that had been going on since 1167. This resulted in the Peace of Constance.

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Palazzo Borromeo was established in Milan

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Palazzo della Ragione began construction. The building was used as a town hall, courthouse, and more.

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After the Battle of Cortenuova which was part of the Ghibellines Wars, Frederick the 11 defeated the second Lombard league (league formed by Popes). Pagano della Torre rallied and saved Milan.

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Milan was ruled as a Signoria. A Signoria was a government with a leader, taken usually by force. The Della Torre family started ruling as Signores. (the leaders)

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The Battle of Desio was fought for control of Milan between the Della Torre and Visconti family for control over Milan. The Visconti family then began their ruling of Milan.

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Guido della Torre deposes Matteo I Visconti as the Signore.

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Castello Sforzesco construction begun. The Castello Sforzesco was a castle and a citadel that began construction in 1360. Francesco Sforza, who was the Duke of Milan, built and founded it. The Architectural style is the Renaissance architecture style. In the 16th and 17th century it expanded and became the biggest cititdale in Europe.

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The church Chiesa di Santa Maria alla Scala was built in 1381. It was named in honor of Beatrice Regina della Scala, the wife of Bernabò Visconti who commissioned the building. It was then knocked down a few hundred years later to make a theater called the Teatro alla Scala. It was made in the gothic building style.

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Milan Cathedral is a cathedral in Milan, Italy. It  began construction in 1386 but didn't finish until 1965 according to the Milan Museum. It’s style was Gothic architecture, and Renaissance architecture. The architects are Donato Bramante, Pellegrino Tibaldi

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When Wenceslaus IV names Gian Galeazzo Visconti Duke of Milan, Milan is formally elevated to a Duchy when Wenceslaus IV titles Gian Galeazzo Visconti the Duke of Milan.

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In front of the San Gottardo in Milan, Gian Maria Visconti was killed.

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The duke of Milan, named Filippo Maria Visconti, died and that let the Ambrosian Republic to be made. Then in 1450, it was overthrown by Francesco Sforza. This was important because under the Sforza family, Milan became one of the most important cities in the renaissance.

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The economy grows because of the trade in silk and wool.

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Ospedale Maggiore, the oldest hospital in Milan begins construction. The Policlinico of Milan which also goes by Ospedale Maggiore di Milano is one of the oldest hospitals in not just Milan but in all of Italy. It was founded by Duke Francesco Sforza in 1456. As of now it is a modern hospital with 900 beds with wards for adults, kids, even pregnant women.

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The Santa Maria delle Grazie, began construction.

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Printing press goes into operation. This allows the printing of bibles and books.

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Santa Maria delle Grazie built. The Santa Maria delle Grazie is a church in Milan that was built in 1497. It also houses one of the most famous paintings of all time, the last supper by Leonardo Da Vinci.

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The Santa Maria presso San Celso begin construction.The Santa Maria presso San Celso is a church in Milan and was being built by Gian Giacomo Dolcebuono and Giovanni Battagio. In 1493, to house an icon of the Madonna.

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Francesco Sforza lays siege to the Ambrosian Republic  and takes control over Millan.

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Chiesa di Santa Maria della Passione was finished being built. The Chiesa di Santa Maria della Passione  was built in 1496 for the order of the Canons Lantern.

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The cookbook, Apicius de re Coquinaria was published.

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Leonardo paints The Last Supper in the Santa Maria delle Grazie church.  It portrays Jesus and his people eating dinner at a long table the night before he's crucified.

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King Louis XII of France takes control of Milan and for the next 3 decades the Visconti try To retake Milan. During these 30 years Swiss troops and imperial forces occupied and controlled Milan. While all of this is happening the population of Milan drops to 50,000 watch is half of what it was before being conquered by the French and the economy drops.

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The Santa Maria alla Fontana was built in 1508. It's a catholic church. It was attributed to Leonardo Da Vinci. It was designed by Giovanni Antonio Amadeo.

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the battle of Marigano takes place and France takes Milan

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Francesco II Sforza comes to power. He was the last member of the Sforza family to rule Milan.

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Spaniard's take control of Milan and Lombardy and with this the population increases to 100,000 people by middle of the 16th century and the economy improves

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At this time, St. Charles Borromeo becomes archbishop of Milan. Under him, the Milan clergy became one of the best in Italy. New charity and education institutes were created, and old ones were brought back stronger. This leads to a big religious revival for the next 50 years.

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Palazzo dei Giureconsulti begins construction in 1562. It was used as a conference center in Milan and it was designed by Vincenzo Seregni.

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Casa degli Omenoni was built on the street of Via degli Omenoni. It was designed by the sculptor Leone Leoni, and he lived and worked in it. The architectural style of it is the Mannerist style.

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A large plague infects Milan, but this doesn't stop the economy. The economy continues to flourish on textiles, arms and weapons, goldsmithery, and other metal dealings. During this time the upper class was old noble families and new rich families. They made the citizens council which had power in controlling the justice system, tax collection, law enforcement, and food price regulation. More professional corporations like lawyers or doctors were much harder to be. Only if you had long ancestry in Milan were you allowed to be one.

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Milan Cathedral was designed by Donato Bramante. The architecture styles are Gothic architecture, and Renaissance architecture.

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Église San Fedele was built in 1579. It's a catholic church in Milan. It was designed by the architect Pellegrino Tibaldi. The architectural styles are Renaissance architecture style and the Mannerist style.

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Plague. - the plague was in milan from the year 1629-1631 it killed 60,000 people which was 46% of the population.