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This history of Herat has been one of repeated destruction and reconstruction. Conqueror after conqueror, from the time of Alexander the Great, has taken it, destroyed it and then rebuilt it. In the 4 th Century B.C. Alexander the Great built the fort which is still standing in the center of the City. From 1040 to 1175 the city was ruled by the Seljuks who defeated the Ghaznavids and destroyed the fortress. Herat was then captured by the Ghorids until the city fell under the control of the Khwarazm Empire. In 1221, Herat was taken by the Mongols and Tuli, the son of Genghis Khan, who ruled for a time, but the citizens revolted and killed the Mongol garrison chief. Extremely angered, Genghis Khan rode upon the city with 80, 000 troops and besieged it for six months, leaving only forty people living. In 1245, Herat was given to the Kart Maliks. Tamerlane destroyed Herat in 1381. However, his son, ShahRukh, rebuilt it and started the cultural renaissance which made it the center of learning and culture. During the Timurid rule, the famous poet of Herat, Jami and the miniaturist, Behzad were born, Queen Gawhar Shad’s Musalla was built and Gazergah restored. For the second time in its history, the city flourished. In 1718 the Afghan clan Chief Hotaki, struggled for Herat’s independence which continued until 1880, when finally the city became an integral part of Afghanistan.
Photo Gallery of Herat’s New face after the fundamentalist regime of Taliban
Major Places of Interest in Herat:

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BALA HISSAR:
Rising above the plain, the citadel (ca. 6 th C. A.D.) served for centuries as the seat of the rulers of Afghanistan. It witnessed most of the exciting events of the country’s history until 1880, when it was destroyed during the Second Anglo-Afghan War.

ARG (Palace)
Amir Abdur Rahman (1880-1901) built this citadel to replace the Bala Hissar palaces. Within the Arg are the Salam Khana (Hall of Salutation) and the Dilkosha Palace (Heart’s Delight). Presently, it houses the Presidential Offices and Mohammad Zahir Shah, the former Monarch’s Residence.

OLD CITY WALLS :
The ancient walls of Kabul begin at Bala Hissar. They are 7 meters high, 3meters thick and assigned to the Hephthalite period (5 th Century A.D.).

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Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan since 1776, is a fast growing city where tall modern buildings nuzzle against bustling bazaars, wide avenues are filled with colorful flowing turbans, gaily striped chapans (cloak) and a multitude of handsome faces. The city is ringed with mountains gleaming emerald green in spring and glistening white in winter. In summer, they have an ever changing beauty turning from deep purple to brilliant pink under the rising and setting sun. Two craggy ranges crowned with ancient bastions divide the city and the Kabul River flows through a narrow pass between them to meander through the heart of the city. Travelers have written glowingly of Kabul for centuries and modern visitors continue to be captivated by its charm.

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Incumbent Hasan Akhund (Acting) since 7 September 2021

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Tokyo (/ˈtoʊkioʊ/;[7] Japanese: 東京, Tōkyō [toːkʲoː] (listen)), historically Tokio and officially the Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to), is the capital[8] and largest city of Japan. Its metropolitan area is the most populous in the world,[5] with an estimated 37.468 million residents in 2018.

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Language

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Traditional Thai clothing is called chut thai, which literally means 'Thai outfit'. It can be worn by men, women, and children. Chut thai for women usually consists of a pha nung or a pha chung hang, a blouse, and a pha biang.Wikipedia

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The renminbi (abbreviation: RMB; Chinese: 人民币; pinyin: Rénmínbì; lit. 'People's Currency'; symbol: 元/圆/¥; code: CNY) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China and one of the world's reserve currencies, ranking as the eighth most traded currency in the world as of April 2019.[2]

The yuan (Chinese: 元; pinyin: yuán or simplified Chinese: 圆; traditional Chinese: 圓; pinyin: yuán) is the basic unit of the renminbi, but the word is also used to refer to the Chinese currency generally, especially in international contexts. One yuan divides into 10 jiao (Chinese: 角; pinyin: jiǎo), and a jiao in turn divides into 10 fen (Chinese: 分; pinyin: fēn). The renminbi is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of China.[3]

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yuan symbol money dollar new ancient current old yen name

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National flag
Red, white and blue – represents Malaysia as a country belonging in the Commonwealth. Crescent and star – represents Islam as the official religion for the Federation, as yellow symbolises sovereignty of the Malay Rulers and their roles as leader of the faith in the constituent states.

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National flower of South Korea, hibiscus

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National flower of South Korea, hibiscus

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We present the Cambodia's national costume

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Agh

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Frequently referred to as the national dish of Malaysia, Nasi Lemak can be consumed at breakfast, lunch or dinner. Its name, which in Malaysian literally means 'oily or fatty rice', is taken in this context to mean 'rich' or 'creamy', and refers to the cooking process.

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Tourism in Afghanistan was at its glorious best in the 1970s. Over 90,000 tourists visited Afghanistan from all over the world to see the unique beauty of the Country and experience the treat of one of the most hospitable group of people. Today, despite decades of war, Kabul remains a fascinating city that embraces both the old and the new. With the ever increasing presence of the international community and the ongoing redevelopment projects, Kabul has been given a touch of modern architecture that gives the city hope of a peaceful and prosperous future.

Afghanistan has a history of more than six thousand years, with many historical sights and attractions, among these are the more than two thousand year old famous Buddha Statues, the tomb of Hazrate Ali (the son in law of Prophet Mohammed p.b.u.h and the fourth caliph of Islam) in Mazar-e Sharif, the beautiful city of Balkh (also known as the Mother City of all Cities), the lakes of Band-e Amir, the deep lapis lazuli blue of the waters are a shocking contrast to the plain colours of the surrounding mountains.

Afghanistan has also been of great strategic importance for invading armies, from Genghis Khan to Alexander the Great. All these armies have left astonishing trails behind, trails that have been forgotten due to decades of war but are yet to be discovered. The Government is working to rebuild the war torn infrastructure of Afghanistan, a major project to develop transport links and a nationwide telecommunication link between Kabul and the other provinces has being established.

Furthermore, to assist the Tourism Industry of Afghanistan, the Government strongly encourages and offers its full support to the private sector to invest into the Tourism Industry. With ever increasing global tourism, the Afghan Tourist Industry has tremendous potential to become profitable. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan is willing to support any attempt that will further develop the tourism industry of Afghanistan.

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In Korea, traditional dress is worn to express the country's heritage and values. Korean females place importance upon their traditional dress and appearance and appreciate its symbolic nature. As in many cultures, women are usually the purveyors of culture, the arts, and traditions.

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National fruit is durian

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National bird of South Korea, korean magpie

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National bird of South Korea, korean magpie

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The yen is the official currency of Japan. It is the third-most traded currency in the foreign exchange market, after the United States dollar and the euro. It is also widely used as a third reserve currency after the US dollar and the euro.

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Teak Tectona is national tree

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National tree of South Korea, korean red pine

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National tree of South Korea, korean red pine

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The red stripes represent Thailand's blood spilt in its bid to maintain independence; the white stands for purity and Buddhism (the country's primary religion), and blue symbolises the Thai monarchy.

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This is the currency of North Korea

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This is Cambodia's national animal, the Kouprey.(I know it looks like a bull)

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This is Cambodia's national animal, the Kouprey.(I know it looks like a bull)

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The government

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National costume
The current traditional dress for women is baju kurung, which comprises of a knee-length, full-sleeved blouse and a long skirt called kain. The skirt is pleated on one side. This attire is usually accompanied by a scarf on the head. A semi formal version is the kebaya, which is a skin-fit two piece costume.

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The costumes of North Korea.

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China (Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó), officially the People's Republic of China(PRC; Chinese: 中华人民共和国; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 countries, the second most of any country in the world after Russia. Covering an area of approximately 9.6 million square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the world's third or fourth largest country.[i] The country consists of 23 provinces,[j] five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing.

China emerged as one of the world's first civilizations in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. China was one of the world's foremost economic powersfor most of the two millennia from the 1st until the 19th century. For millennia, China's political system was based on absolute hereditary monarchies, or dynasties, beginning with the semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE. Since then, China has expanded, fractured, and re-unified numerous times. In the 3rd century BCE, the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire. The succeeding Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) saw some of the most advanced technology at that time, including papermaking and the compass, along with agricultural and medical improvements. The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty (618–907) and Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127) completed the Four Great Inventions. Tang culture spread widely in Asia, as the new Silk Road brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa. The Qing dynasty, China's last dynasty, which formed the territorial basis for modern China, suffered heavy losses to foreign imperialism in the 19th century.

The Chinese monarchy collapsed in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution, when the Republic of China (ROC) replaced the Qing dynasty. China was invaded by the Empire of Japanduring World War II. The Civil War resulted in a division of territory in 1949 when the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) established the People's Republic of China on the mainland while the Kuomintang-led ROC government retreated to the island of Taiwan.[k]Both claim to be the sole legitimate government of China, although the United Nationshas recognized the PRC as the sole representation since 1971. China conducted a series of economic reforms since 1978, and entered into the World Trade Organization in 2001.

China is currently governed as a unitary one-party socialist republic by the CCP. China is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and a founding member of several multilateral and regional cooperation organizations such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the Silk Road Fund, the New Development Bank, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and the RCEP, and is a member of the BRICS, the G8+5, the G20, the APEC, and the East Asia Summit. It ranks among the lowest in international measurements of civil liberties, government transparency, freedom of the press, freedom of religion and ethnic minorities. Chinese authorities have been criticized by political dissidents and human rights activists for widespread human rights abuses, including political repression, mass censorship, mass surveillance of their citizens and violent suppression of protests.

China is the world's largest economy by GDP at purchasing power parity, second-largest economy by nominal GDP, and the world's second wealthiest country by total wealth. The country has the fastest growing major economy and is the world's largest manufacturer and exporter. China is a recognized nuclear-weapon state with the world's largest standing army by military personnel and second-largest defense budget.

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Shinzo Abe (安倍 晋三, Abe Shinzō, IPA: [abe ɕindzoː]; born 21 September 1954) is a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) from 2006 to 2007 and again from 2012 to 2020. He is the longest-serving prime minister in Japanese history.[1][2] Abe also served as Chief Cabinet Secretary from 2005 to 2006 under Junichiro Koizumi and was briefly leader of the LDP while it was in opposition during 2012.

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The national flag of Afghanistan features three vertical tricolor bands. The colors used are black, red, and green. The black symbolizes the dark, troubled past of the nation. The green represents both Islam and prosperity, while the red represents the blood shed by those who fought for the country's independence.

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Cassia fistula, commonly known as golden shower, purging cassia, Indian laburnum, or pudding-pipe tree, is a flowering plant in the subfamily, Caesalpinioideae of the legume family, Fabaceae. The species is native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia.

Scientific name: Cassia fistula

Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae

Family: Fabaceae

Order: Fabales

Kingdom: Plantae

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Gross domestic product: 19.81 billion USD (2020) World Bank

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Gross domestic product: 19.81 billion USD (2020) World Bank

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1 Indonesian Rupiah equals

0.000095Singapore Dollar

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$1=24.64 thai baht

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This is Cambodia's national flower, the Rumduol

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Population: 38.93 million (2020) World Bank

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Population: 38.93 million (2020) World Bank

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This is the national food of north korea.
Its called kimchi.

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The prime minister of South Korea, Chung Sye Kyun

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The prime minister of South Korea, Chung Sye Kyun

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The Moon Orchid or Angrek bulan (Phalaenopsis Amabilis) is one of Indonesia's three national flowers. The other two are Jasminum sambac and the Rafflesia arnoldii. The Moon Orchid is one of the longest blooming orchids

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The Japanese macaque is the national animal of Japan, and they're also known as snow monkeys in some parts of the country.

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PRESENTING PAD THAI

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The main reason is because it´s an ancient animal that has the quality of being the largest surviving lizard on earth, plus, Indonesia is the only country where they are still alive, being more concrete you will only see them in Komodo, Padar and Rinca island (The three of them are part of Komodo National Park).

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The national food/dish of South Korea, Kimchi

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The national food/dish of South Korea, Kimchi

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Xi Jinping[note 1] (English: /ˈʃiː dʒɪnˈpɪŋ/ SHEE jin-PING; Chinese: 习近平; pinyin: Xí Jìnpíng; [ɕǐ tɕîn pʰǐŋ]; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has been serving as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) since 2012, and President of the People's Republic of China (PRC) since 2013. Xi has been the paramount leader of China, the most prominent political leader in the PRC, since 2012.

The son of Chinese Communist veteran Xi Zhongxun, he was exiled to rural Yanchuan County as a teenager following his father's purge during the Cultural Revolution, and lived in a yaodong in the village of Liangjiahe, where he joined the CCP and worked as the local party secretary. After studying chemical engineering at Tsinghua University as a "Worker-Peasant-Soldier student", Xi rose through the ranks politically in China's coastal provinces. Xi was Governor of Fujian from 1999 to 2002, before becoming Governor and Party Secretary of neighbouring Zhejiang from 2002 to 2007. Following dismissal of the Party Secretary of Shanghai, Chen Liangyu, Xi was transferred to replace him for a brief period in 2007. He subsequently joined the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) of the CCP and served as first secretary of the Central Secretariat in October 2007. In 2008, he was designated as Hu Jintao's presumed successor as paramount leader; to that end, Xi was appointed Vice President of the PRC and Vice Chairman of the CMC. He officially received the title of "leadership core" from the CCP in 2016. Xi has also been a member of the PSC since 2007. In 2018, he abolished presidential term limits.

Xi is the first CCP General Secretary born after the establishment of the PRC. Since assuming power, Xi has introduced far-ranging measures to enforce party discipline and to impose internal unity. His anti-corruption campaign led to the downfall of prominent incumbent and retired CCP officials, including a former member of the PSC. He has also enacted or promoted a more assertive foreign policy, particularly with regard to China–Japan relations, China's claims in the South China Sea, and its advocacy for free tradeand globalization. He has sought to expand China's African and Eurasian influence through the Belt and Road Initiative.

Xi has often been described as a dictator or an authoritarian leader by political and academic observers,[9] citing an increase of censorship and mass surveillance, a deterioration in human rights including the internment of Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang, the cult of personality developing around him,[10] and the removal of term limits for the leadership under his tenure.[a] Xi's political thoughts have been incorporated into the partyand national constitutions.[25][26][27] As the central figure of the fifth generation of leadership of the PRC, Xi has significantly centralised institutional power by taking on a wide range of leadership positions, including chairing the newly formed National Security Commission, as well as new steering committees on economic and social reforms, military restructuring and modernization, and the Internet.[28]

On 11 November 2021, the CCP declared Xi's ideology the "essence of Chinese culture".[29] This is the third fundamental resolution of the CCP since its inception. The first resolution was adopted in 1945 to increase and ratify the power of Mao Zedong, and the second was adopted under Deng Xiaoping. The decision to issue one under Xi symbolically raises him to the same level of prestige as Mao and Deng.[29]

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Angkor Wat -Integrity, justice, heritage and religion
Blue-liberty and cooperation
Red-bravery and nation

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Considered Indonesia's national dish, this take on Asian fried rice is often made with sweet, thick soy sauce called kecap (pronounced ketchup) and garnished with acar, pickled cucumber and carrots.

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The national animal of South Korea, Siberian Tiger

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The national animal of South Korea, Siberian Tiger

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There are typically two types of clothing worn in Japan: traditional clothing known as Japanese clothing (和服, wafuku), including the national dress of Japan, the kimono, and Western clothing(洋服, yōfuku), which encompasses all else not recognised as either national dress or the dress of another country.

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North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north,

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The women wear blouses called jeogoris and long skirts called chima.The men wear a jacket called a jeogori and baggy pants called baji.

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Afghanistan flag

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National bird of North Korea.
Its called Northern goshawk.

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The kebaya is the national costume of women from Indonesia, although it is more accurately endemic to the Javanese, Sundanese and Balinese peoples. It is sometimes made from sheer material such as silk, thin cotton or semi-transparent nylon or polyester, adorned with brocade or floral pattern embroidery.

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By asher chuyuan yi hong and ian foo

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Sushi is a Japanese dish of prepared vinegared rice, usually with some sugar and salt, accompanied by a variety of ingredients, such as seafood, often raw, and vegetables. Styles of sushi and its presentation vary widely, but the one key ingredient is "sushi rice", also referred to as shari, or sumeshi.

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President juko widodo

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National flag of North Korea.

Its red stripe and star are symbols of the country's commitment to communism, while blue is said to stand for a commitment to peace. The white stripes stand for purity, strength, and dignity.
The flag was introduced on July 10, 1948, two months before the Democratic .

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flag of Indonesia is a horizontal bicolor of red and white. The red band represents the courage and blood of the Indonesian people, while the white band represents purity and the spirits of the people

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National flower of North Korea.
Its called Magnolia sieboldii.

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The Japanese flag is made up of a red circle, symbolizing the sun, against a white background. It is known as the hinomaru in Japanese, meaning "circle of the sun." Because Japan lies at the far West of the Pacific Ocean, the sun rises spectacularly over the sea to the East.

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plum blossom

The plum blossom, Prunus mei, was officially designated by the ROC Executive Yuan to be the national flower on July 21, 1964. The plum blossom, which has shades of pink and white and gives off a delicate fragrance, has great symbolic value for the Chinese people because of its resilience during the harsh winter.

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The colors of the flag are red, blue, and black on a white background. The flag stands for the three components of a nation: the land (the white background), the people (the red and blue circle), and the government (the four sets of black bars or trigrams). The black bars or trigrams also all represent
different elements.

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This is the president of North korea.

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The National Flag consists of 2 equal horizontal sections, red above white. In the upper left canton is a white crescent moon beside 5 white stars arranged in a circle. The red colour symbolises universal brotherhood and equality of man. The white colour signifies pervading and everlasting purity and virtue.

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This is our local food-Hainanese Chicken Rice

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This is our local food-Hainanese Chicken Rice