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Description: "the ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words" (Reading Rockets)

Example: Stretching CVC words- this is a fun creative activity that stretches out a word which identifies the letters and sounds in a word. I have posted the youtube video on the activity below.

https://www.youtube.com/watchv=hWgmFBuWAdE&feature=youtu.be&list=PLLxDwKxHx1yLdLVl-Ehcj7Rphbt3_bhmS

How it supports reading and writing: "A CVC word is made up of a consonant, vowel, and consonant sound. When a vowel is followed by a consonant, it is a closed syllable and makes the vowel say its sound. Cat is an example of a CVC word. Each letter makes its sound and is therefore decodable and easy for a beginning reader to sound out" (Miss Kindergarten).

This helps identify words which helps with spelling and reading.

Scholarly Sources:
Miss Kindergarten. 2020. What Is A CVC Word? - Miss Kindergarten. [online] Available at: <https://misskindergarten.com/what-is-a-cvc-word/> [Accessed 31 August 2020].

Reading Rockets. 2020. Phonological And Phonemic Awareness. [online] Available at: <https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-topics/phonological-and-phonemic-awareness> [Accessed 31 August 2020].

2020. [online] Available at: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWgmFBuWAdE&feature=youtu.be&list=PLLxDwKxHx1yLdLVl-Ehcj7Rphbt3_bhmS> [Accessed 31 August 2020].

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Description: "a method of teaching people to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system" (Dictionary.com)

Example: "This kinetic phonics game from Fun Learning for Kids transforms your living room into a life-sized board game. Simply use colored paper, one die and a marker to create a stepping-stone for every letter of the alphabet or however many you have room for. You can even include “ch” and “sh” pieces for more advanced learners. For the game, your child will roll the die, take the allotted number of hops and say and pronounce the letter that they land on. Perfect for playing with siblings or parents or friends, this active game will help your little one learn both letter sounds and counting" (Rasmussen.edu)

This is a great example to make learning fun as well as help students learn.

How it supports reading and writing:  This helps students learn sounds and practice them. With knowing sounds it helps creates words and put words together which helps with writing and reading.

Scholarly Sources:
Dictionary.com. 2020. Dictionary.Com Is The World’S Favorite Online Dictionary. [online] Available at: <https://www.dictionary.com/> [Accessed 31 August 2020].

Rasmussen.edu. 2020. 14 Phenomenal Phonics Activities For Preschoolers. [online] Available at: <https://www.rasmussen.edu/degrees/education/blog/phonics-activities-for-preschoolers/> [Accessed 31 August 2020].

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Description: "Fluency is defined as the ability to read with speed, accuracy, and proper expression. In order to understand what they read, children must be able to read fluently whether they are reading aloud or silently. When reading aloud, fluent readers read in phrases and add intonation appropriately. Their reading is smooth and has expression" (Reading Rockets)

Example: Read aloud to children to provide a model of fluent reading

How it supports reading and writing: The three components of fluency are speed, accuracy, and prosody (Bendlanguageandlearning). "It’s common for primary teachers to read aloud to their students. But as students get older, the treasured Read Aloud becomes something we do “if we have time," A regular read aloud period is a must in any elementary classroom. No matter their age or ability, children need a frequent model of fluent reading" (G, A., 2020)

Scholarly Sources:
Bendlanguageandlearning.com. 2020. [online] Available at: <http://www.bendlanguageandlearning.com/Reading%20Fluency.pdf> [Accessed 31 August 2020].

G, A., 2020. 10 Ways To Improve Reading Fluency - The Measured Mom. [online] The Measured Mom. Available at: <https://www.themeasuredmom.com/10-ways-to-improve-reading-fluency/> [Accessed 31 August 2020].

Reading Rockets. 2020. Fluency. [online] Available at: <https://www.readingrockets.org/helping/target/fluency> [Accessed 31 August 2020].

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Description: "words that a student can read and understand. When students know more words, they are more able to understand what they read" (Cedu.niu)

Example: "Brain Power Words (Richek & McTague, 2008)
• Ask small groups of students to preview sections of a text and identify difficult words.
• For long chapters, assign different sections to different groups.
• Students place a Post-it next to the words in the text they identify as potentially difficult.
• After identifying the words, the group goes back and uses context clues to hypothesize what the words
might mean.
i. Clues of substitution: A known word would make sense in the context and is probably a good
definition.
ii. Clues of definition: The word is defined in the text (many textbooks do this).
iii. Clues of opposition: Words “not, unlike” etc. are excellent clues to what a word is not and thus
help define the words.
• After Brain Power Words list is identified and definitions sought, the students check their work with the teacher" (Really-learn-english)

How it supports reading and writing: This helps with reading as students have to read the text and identify words, students will identify difficult words which helps with writing as students can add bigger words and expand their vocabulary

Scholarly Sources:
Cedu.niu.edu. 2020. [online] Available at: <https://www.cedu.niu.edu/literacy-clinic/resources/raising-readers/reading-vocabulary.pdf> [Accessed 31 August 2020].

Really-learn-english.com. 2020. Activities For Teaching Vocabulary: How Can You Teach (Or Learn) New Words?. [online] Available at: <https://www.really-learn-english.com/activities-for-teaching-vocabulary.html> [Accessed 31 August 2020].

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Description: "Comprehension is the understanding and interpretation of what is read. To be able to accurately understand written material, children need to be able to (1) decode what they read; (2) make connections between what they read and what they already know; and (3) think deeply about what they have read" (Reading Rockets).

Example:
Create a WANTED poster

How it supports reading and writing: Comprehension is important in reading and writing. A student must understand what is being written in writing and must understand what is being read when it comes to reading. A wanted posted is a fun activity in which students can display their knowledge of what they read. It also helps with writing in writing about what was read.

Scholarly Sources:
Mulvahill, E., 2020. 8 Fun Second Grade Reading Comprehension Activities. [online] WeAreTeachers. Available at: <https://www.weareteachers.com/second-grade-reading-comprehension-activities/> [Accessed 31 August 2020].

Reading Rockets. 2020. Comprehension. [online] Available at: <https://www.readingrockets.org/helping/target/comprehension> [Accessed 31 August 2020].