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By Chloe and Rachel

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Post # 3: Red Flag: Ancient Wisdom (Article)

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Post # 3: Red Flag: Ancient Wisdom (Article)

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Definition:
Commonly known as alternative medical therapies but is also attached with ancient beings, and ancient practices. Ancient beliefs can result in  deaths among those who did not get proper medical treatment, and illogical thinking that modern day science is fake.
Connection:
This article relates to Ancient Wisdom because in Calgary during 2013, John Clark (a young boy) died of something so simple as a staph infection due to his parents believing in natural remedies (such as cabbage leaves etc.) and strayed away from modern medicine. Which relates to ancient wisdom as it is most known for alternative medical therapies. We can assume it was due to religion or cultural beliefs since that is one of most popular causes, ideology, the belief in religion and culture rather than science. The only flaw in this website is there is no reasoning behind why the parents did not want to supply their children with proper care.

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A couple in Alberta has been found not guilty of failing to provide the necessaries of life for their toddler son. Court heard that David and Collet Stephan gave 19-month-old Ezekiel natural remedies before he died in 2012. He had bacterial meningitis and his parents called 911 after he stopped breathing.

Here are some other criminal cases involving parents accused of failing to seek medical help for their children:

November 2013: John Clark, 14 months, dies of a staph infection complicated by malnutrition in Calgary. A trial hears that he didn't see a doctor until the day before he died, and online searches in the family's home were done for natural remedies for gangrene, such as cabbage leaves and cayenne. Jurors are also shown photos of the dead boy with a rash over his body and blackened toes. Jennifer and Jeromie Clark are found guilty of criminal negligence causing death and failing to provide the necessaries of life. They are sentenced to 32 months.

March 2013: Ryan Lovett, 7, of Calgary dies after getting strep throat. Court hears his mother gave him dandelion tea and oil of oregano when he developed the infection, which kept him bedridden in their Calgary home for 10 days before he died. Tamara Lovett is convicted of criminal negligence causing death and sentenced to three years in prison.

December 2006: Shatoya Chatelaine, 17 months, dies in Saskatoon after getting the skin infection impetigo around her mouth. A doctor who saw the baby during a home visit several days earlier had advised her mother to take the child to an emergency room. After the baby dies, it's discovered she was also covered in bruises and had broken ribs. Charissma McDonald tells police she didn't take the baby to a hospital because she worried social workers would apprehend the Shatoya and her older siblings. McDonald pleads guilty to criminal negligence causing death and is sentenced to two years. The sentence is increased to three years on appeal.

September 1987: Lorie Atikian, 17 months, dies of malnutrition and pneumonia in Toronto. Her parents had fed and cared for her based on the advice of an herbalist. Court hears that as the girl withered away, the herbalist told the couple not to take the child to a doctor. A jury convicts Sonia and Khachadour Atikian of failing to provide the necessaries of life, but a new trial is ordered on appeal. The charges are eventually dismissed.

October 1981: Christopher Tutton, 5, dies in Ontario after his parents take him off insulin. Several doctors had warned the religious couple not to, but they believed he had been miraculously cured of diabetes. A jury in Kitchener convicts Carole and Arthur Tutton of manslaughter, but a second trial is ordered on appeal. That ruling is upheld by the Supreme Court. The Crown does not retry the case.

September 1964: Bonnie Deabay, 5, dies in New Brunswick of an infection from a cut lip that her mother treated with home remedies. An autopsy reveals the infection caused the girl's death. It spread over several weeks - destroying one side of her lip, extending up the side of her face, down her neck and into her chest. Bonnie had also suffered other injuries. Her mother and father, Glenna and Omar Deabay, are charged with criminal negligence causing death. A jury acquits them at trial.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Sept. 20, 2019.

The Canadian Press

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A look at some Canadian parents accused of failing to get medical help for kids

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A couple in Alberta has been found not guilty of failing to provide the necessaries of life for their toddler son. Court heard that David and Collet Stephan gave 19-month-old Ezekiel natural remedies before he died in 2012. He had bacterial meningitis and his parents called 911 after he stopped breathing.

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Post # 4:Red Flag: Confirmation Bias (Video)

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Post # 4:Red Flag: Confirmation Bias (Video)

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Defintion:
Confirmation Bias means to only look for supporting evidence to a claim, and ignore all invalidating evidence.
Connection:
I believe this video represents Confirmation bias because the speaker talks about how she first perceived  Mexico and what she thought it was going to be like. Her negative view of the country stemmed from articles and media stories that spoke about the events that took place there, ignoring all evidence speaking about how nice the country was. When she got to Mexico she was surprised by all the laughter and joy since she would only focus and the bad news stories rather than the good.

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10-Min Cut: The Danger Of A Single Story | Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

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Post # 5: Red Flag: Ideological Support (Video)

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Post # 5: Red Flag: Ideological Support (Video)

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Definition:
Claims that use courts, campaigns, and other ideology (Ethical, morals, political) to push a belief rather than actual science.
Connection:
This video relates to Ideological support because while the interviewers are speaking to Donald about how there is supporting evidence from scientists and NASA that climate change does exist and that we as a human race have caused it over decades, Donald is shutting down the idea  by saying "I can give you reports where people dispute that" and speaking about his government. Ultimately meaning that Donald Trump believes more of what he is told from political standpoints rather than actual science and evidence making this a great example of Ideological support. Though the people that support him and agree with his idea that climate change does not exist, would be a part of Appeal to authority. The only flaw in this video is that Donald fails to elaborate about why he does not believe the scientists.

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President Trump on Climate Change | AXIOS on HBO

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Post # 6: Red Flag: All Natural (Article)

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Post # 6: Red Flag: All Natural (Article)

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Definition:
All natural supplements are stereotypically looked at in a positive stand-point, but many harmful things are all natural, like venom, poison oak,  and lead. All natural does not mean safe.
Connection:
This article relates to the All Natural red flag because in this article it states a list of foods that are "misleading food items" to which stating that items that say "all natural" don't really mean an item is fully and completely natural so may be considered unhealthy if you are trying to look for a specific thing on a label. An example i am going to use from this article is the statement stating "no sugar added." This statement is a perfect example relating to this red flag because if you have a medical condition involving diabetes or that person that is watching their calorie count for dieting purposes, then going going to see this item stating this statement and throw it into your cart. In a item saying "no added sugar," there is still naturally containing sugars in some items. On a food label looking at the carbohydrate category, which a carbohydrate can be containing a simple sugar or complex sugar, this can still raise blood sugar so this statement "no added sugar" doesn't mean it is sugar free.

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Terms like "fat free" or "all natural" are often slapped on a food item that may not be healthy at all. Check out our list of the 16 most common—and most misleading phrases—manufacturers use on food.

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Post # 2: Red Flag: Appeal to authority (Article)

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Post # 2: Red Flag: Appeal to authority (Article)

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Definition:
The appeal to authority red flag is one of the most known and subtle red flags, this fallacy can occur when an individual uses an authority to help support their argument, celebrity endorsements, certifications, and scientists. Anyone of a high authority who can support a claim.
Connection:
This article relates to the Appeal to Authority red flag because Jordan Pine (author of article) is claiming that activists, advocates and politicians use the claim that 97% of scientists support what they believe to end debates that go on. This line regarding "97% of scientists supporting their views of global warning ends debates between other people." Now the question is, "Do scientists actually support it?" If advocates/polictians say something about someone believing something in a field that they study.. Of course people are going to believe because they are thinking that scientists actually agree. The scepticism should be applied to this claim of how they are saying scientists agree. Is one saying this stuff about climate change have experience in this field compared to a scientists level? Having a debate about climate change is an example of confirmation bias between groups as these people are looking for information and interprets it based off their own opinons.

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Post # 7 : Reasons For Belief: Emotional Connection (image)

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Post # 7 : Reasons For Belief: Emotional Connection (image)

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Definition:
Emotional Connection can make an individual want to believe something, even with no evidence. Emotional connections can blur reason and obscure though.
Connection:
This picture represent a Ouija board. Many people around the who lose someone they love or close to always have it in the back of their mind and think if there was any other way i could communicate and talk to them i would. Well, some people believe in this is a way you can communicate with the "other side." This brings in the emotional connection, there is psychics who perform sessions for readings involving a ouiji board because some people are desperate and will do anything they can to get that communication from the "other side" as people claim it to be. So individuals will go to sessions because they want to believe it will work, but when in reality there is no scientific evidence that ouiji boards even work accurately.

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Post # 8: Reasons for belief: Perception and Observation (video)

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Post # 8: Reasons for belief: Perception and Observation (video)

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Definition:
Our observations together with our psychological beliefs inform our perceptions and lead to decision making. Perceptions are skewed by our experiences
Connection:
This video represents Perception and observation because as stated in this video "What people think they see, and what often happens, is very different" meaning that perception is not always correct, it is also said in the video that "People will run information through their own life experiences and put a perspective on it that may not be reflective of what's going on" which is also evidence of what is stated in the description that perceptions are skewed by our experiences.

Since what you perceive can be based on life experiences, this can also relate to emotional connection which blurs your thought process.

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The Eyewitness Test: How do you stack up?

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If you saw a crime or were the victim of one would you be able to remember what you saw? Eyewitness accounts are crucial in crime-fighting, but their reliability is often in question. KXLY4's Tori Brunetti reports.

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Post # 9: Reasons for Belief: Unexplained (image)

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Post # 9: Reasons for Belief: Unexplained (image)

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Definition:
When confronted with the unexplained we try to explain it ourselves.
Connection:
This picture represents Unexplained because if we have ever had the experience of being confronted with a ghost or someone from the "other side," it is unexplained how this happens. It's unexplained how we feel the way we feel in that moment and we try and sit there and explain it to ourselves "how does this happen?" or "what am i experiencing right now?" It is unexplained how some ghosts are able to communicate with us humans.

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We chose to evaluate the article talking about how some Canadian parents  were accused of not getting medical help for their kids.

Define problem (extraordinary claim): Do natural remedies work better than real medical care?

Gather Information:
This article is from Chat News Today. It is about a case regarding a young boy who had a simple infection that was curable my professional medical care, but the boy died because his parents believed in natural alternative therapies for curing infections instead of providing him proper medical care.

Evaluate Evidence:
The evidence provided is simple, there is no scientific evidence that natural alternative therapies work better then proper medical care. Yes, many people believe in natural remedies instead of proper medical care for some illness (due to religious believes), but when it comes down to a simple infection and someone is not looking better or they are getting worse, not proving them with proper medical care is not right. and it is a form of neglect for a child or for anyone in this world.

Recognize Assumptions, Emotions, biases:
The boys parents emotions towards natural remedies for treating sickness is very strong as it is driven possibly from a religious background that is most likely followed for many years. Their assumptions could be stating that these natural at home remedies swill work and take away the sickness so there is no medical treatment needed. Just time.

Synthesize Evidence, Identify alternatives:
Alternative  #1:  At home remedies have cured many infections with this family and it is way better then proper medical care
Alternative #2: Medical proper care would have been the better option for the young boy instead of natural remedies

Select best alternative:
I suggest that proper medical care should have been provided by the parents when they saw their child was not getting better from the at home natural remedies