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Parallel play (adjacent play, social coaction) – when the child plays separately from others but close to them and mimicking their actions. ... Cooperative play – when a child is interested both in the people playing and in the activity they are doing.

In this picture you can see three children the first two are 5 and 6, they are engage building a “🤬” (cooperative play) while my daughter who is 4 is still playing with them, but in a parallel way. Even though she was in the same playing setting with them, she was playing alone.

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According to Piaget children construct their understanding of the world by creating schemes, or theories that structure or organize their experiences, that will change with experience. Specifically, Piaget believed that these revolutionary changes happen throughout our lifespan at ages: 2, 7, and 11; and divided cognitive development into four stages: sensorimotor period, preoperational period, concrete operational period, formal operational period. Piaget identified 3 shortcomings in preoperational thinking which includes: egocentrism, where kids have a difficulty in seeing the world from another perspective this can also be characterized by animism, where inanimate objects are personified; centration, a term used for “narrowly focused thought,” or hyper focused on something; followed by appearance as reality where they believe an object's appearance tells what the object is truly like (123). This snapshot shows Victoria playing kitchen, where engages in cooperative play and believes appearance as reality when playing with her fake foods, and kitchen set.

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When I went on a volunteer trip with my friends to Guatemala we had to take care of kids at an orphanage and take them to Antigua. I remember that it was so hot that day, so my friend bought some ice cold water at the only store available before getting on the bus.

Carlitos, a five year old, had the characteristic of egocentrism as he hastily grabbed the bottle of water and chugged in a short amount of time. At the time, my friend was very annoyed, but I couldn’t help but laugh. I now know that because of Carlitos age, he lacked the skills to understand anyone else’s perspective or feelings but his own during the second of the four stages in Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, the preoperational stage. I don’t have a picture of Carlitos, but here’s a picture of some boys around the same age whom we called “pequenos” when I visited.

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Today I observed a child in the grocery store telling her sister her thumb is the devil if she continues to suck on it. Her sister does not want her to get buck-teeth when she gets older like she had to and later get braces because of it. She tells her sister that she will put salt and pepper on her thumb when she's in bed at night. When the little girl heard that, she continued to suck on her thumb out of excitement and exclaimed her thumb already tastes salty. #gross!
- Olivia Reed

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Today I watched a youtube video about a child and her dad playing hide-and-seek. The child was hiding under the bed but she was only hiding her head under the bed while the rest of her body was out. It was hilarious and so cute to watch the dad pretending he can't see her body outside the bed.
-Chaewon Yoon

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Today while babysitting my friends 2-year-old sister, she poured pretend tea into a cup and handed it to me. She hadn't engaged with me much while playing in the past, so I've concluded that now she must be in her pre-operational stage. Playing role-play games help children develop cognitively, and learn to interact with others.
-Fiona Donohue

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Today my youngest cousin who is three years old came over to my house and started playing with doctor with me. She was the doctor and was using a lotion bottle as a remedy for my odd disease. Even though she knew the lotion bottle was not a remedy, she was able to use symbolic thinking and have it represent some kind of medicine. She loves playing doctor and I enjoy being her patient!
- Wendy Zarate

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Object permanence

Today as I was waiting in the line at the grocery store I observed a lady with her   2 children. The one child in the stroller was probably about 6-8months old and the other child was about 5-6yrs old.  and you can tell the baby was starting to get  irritated when the older child started to play peek-a-boo.  The little boy would peek his head in the stroller  and quickly disappear.     The little girl's eyes widened with excitement and bursted out in laughter each time  as her  little brother  reappeared.  Mom was successfully able to get through the grocery line without the baby crying.

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Check out my 3 year old niece! She came down the stairs in the morning ready for daycare.  She has been practicing her independence by picking out her own clothing each day.  Although I try to help her, she insists on doing it herself! She is definitely in the stage of autonomy vs. shame. #iwokeuplikethis
-Nickie Jarrett

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Today at brunch I was extremely fortunate to listen to an infant scream and cry at the top of his little lungs for just about the entire meal. The only time he would pause, however, is when his mom would give him a bite of her oatmeal. As I began to see a pattern, I realized I was witnessing secondary circular reactions of Piaget's sensorimotor stage firsthand. The baby would cry because he knew he would get food in return, thus repeating actions that evoked a response. Finally, the waiter gave in as well and brought the baby his own portion of oatmeal so, at last, everyone was happy. Babies really do be getting whatever they want these days. #dramaking #shhhhhh #badattentionisstillattention
-Jordan Perlow

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Piaget's Theory of preoperational stage.

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Piaget's Theory of preoperational stage.

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Today I was sitting in my living room enjoying my morning coffee  and watching the news as I saw my nephew who's around three years old enter .  Before even muttering the words good morning to him, he yelled to me "WHAT ARE YOU WATCHING" as loud as he could. Not only that he placed himself right infront of the tv making it impossible fo me to even see the news!! Ugh so egocentric of him! I can't wait for him to move onto his next stage of concrete operational, at least then ill be able to have logical conversations with the little scientist.
#soannoying
#learnsomerespectkids
-Jean Piaget

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Baby William is my my friends fourth kid, and he is learning more and more and I love to observe his growth. I observed autonomy vs. shame in him when I was paying with him and his older siblings after church. Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the second stage of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. This with William is so funny because he learned that when he knocks down all the blocks I build up for him, the impact of hitting them down and making a mess makes his friend, Theo, who is also young laugh like crazy. Right before he knocks them down, he looks over to make sure that Theo is paying attention, and then swiftly and gloriously he knocks them down for everyone to see. He is able to understand that him doing a certain action is affecting Theo is positive way.

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Look at this super cute photo of Maren's niece Sammie! I can tell she's in the stage of independence versus guilt, where she wants to be independent but also wants to cooperate with others. My guess is she's around 5. Here, she is sledding alone because she wants to be independent and may need to work on cooperating with others. I observed that she's brave by wanting to sled down the mountain all by herself. Hopefully next season she's out on the slopes with her friends! She's sledding down the hill to her family so they can teach her how to ski!
#shredding #independent #learningcurve
Until next time,
Erik Erikson

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Piaget's Theory of Sensoriomotor Period with Ice Cream! 

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Piaget's Theory of Sensoriomotor Period with Ice Cream! 

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Today, I observed an infant (looked like about 6 months old), taste vanilla ice cream. This observation demonstrates the sensoriomotor period of development that is typically observed between the age of infancy (0-2 years old). It is always so interesting to see the reactions of a baby's face when they taste something new. The reaction on the infant's face showed that he really liked the taste of the ice cream. Based on my observations, he smiled at his mom and kept making noises, opening and closing his mouth, and jumping in his seat. The infant was recreating the action of his mom putting the spoon in his mouth to signify that he wanted more ice cream.

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Piaget's theory of cognitive development

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Piaget's theory of cognitive development

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Today i got the opportunity to watch my neighbour's baby boy play with his friends in the community

playground. He was demonstration Preoperational stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

This stage is usually associated with children aged 3-7 years of age. Jayden's cognitive, language and

motor skills matched this stage of development. I watched him play hide and seek with his friends. He

loved exploring and interacting with the environment as well as indicated a desire for social interactions.

though a bit egocentric with his possessions, It was clear that he was gradually maturing in his human

development aspects despite being 3 years of age. Kids grow fast right !

-Tyler Cleveland

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Observing Piaget's Thinking in Real Time

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Observing Piaget's Thinking in Real Time

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My neighbor's have a 4 year old son, Carson, who I interact with frequently, and they also have an outside cat that Carson loves to play with. During preschool years, Piaget believed that we experience what's called as Naïve Biology, and during the preschool years these ideas start to expand on properties connected to living things. For example, our textbook states that preschoolers (4 years old) theories on biology include that animals can live, grow, and heal when wounded or ill. I witnessed this for myself when I saw that Carson had found out that his cat was ill (throwing up) and he explained to me that "she's going to be okay again, she just needs to take her vitamins to not be sick and be better soon". This indicated to me that Piaget was correct in his view that preschoolers theories start to expand from a more naïve perspective of biology to a deeper understanding of the living things around them.

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Today as I was going to the local cafe to get lunch I came across a youngster and his mother trying to eat lunch. The boy, who couldn't have been older than 3 did not want his mother to feed him. Every time she would bring the spoon near his mouth, he would swat it away and make unpleasant noise. After watching her struggle to feed him for a while, I went up to the mother and asked if she wouldn't mind letting the child try himself. The child tried to grab the spoon and fill it with veggies and bring it to his mouth, but he dropped the spoon due to his fine and gross motor skills were not good enough. After some time and crying, the little boy realized that he could not feed himself yet and he happily let his mother feed him. His struggle reflects that he is in the Autonomy vs Shame/doubt stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. He might be feeling shame and self-doubt due to not being able to feed himself yet, but as he grows he will go on to other stages and struggles.
-- Siddharth Dave

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I was going on my usual morning stroll when I noticed a three or four year old girl crying over a toy that her mother had hidden from her. She didn't seem to understand that even though she couldn't see the toy, it was still there. It was strange seeing a child past the age of two who had still not learned the concept of object permanence, and I wanted to go up and tell her that her toy was simply behind her mother's back. As soon as the mother pulled the toy from behind her back, the child immediately stopped crying and started laughing. It was almost as if the mother was playing some sort of cruel version of Peek-a-Boo with a child who obviously didn't understand that her toy still existed. I'm not sure if I have to rethink my whole Theory of Cognitive Development, or whether this child was just particularly stupid. It's none of my concern- maybe I just won't have any children...
-Alani Gonzalez

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I watched my little brother demonstrate the stage autonomy vs shame. In this stage children begin to feel a sense of independence as they take control over situations and their actions. For example for lunch he was in control of what he wanted to eat and instead of someone choosing for him, he went out of his way, took control and chose what he wanted to eat on his own. This shows a sense of independency which is an example of the stage autonomy vs shame.

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Today while eating at a restaurant, I saw a prime example of a child experiencing the autonomy vs. shame stage. This part of Erikson's theory begins at about 18 months to 2-3 years. During this stage many children begin to become more independent and become more self reliant than on others. Children begin to make choices based on their preferences. The  child I was observing decided that they did not want to eat the veggies that the mom had picked out for them. They did however love their applesauce!

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While sitting outside of a coffee shop today, I had the pleasure of observing a father and his baby at the table next to me. The baby looked to be about a year old and was having a grand time throwing his dad's empty coffee cup off the table. Every time his dad would refuse to pick it up and place it back on the table, the baby would shriek. The dad looked a little embarrassed that his baby was disrupting my work, so I assured him that his child was simply practicing trial and error experiments. His child was simply learning about what happens each time he drops the cup off the table. His baby was showing tertiary circular reactions as a way of learning about the world around him. This is very important part of development, as frustrating as it can be for parents.

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Lucky me to be walking by a local nursery today and getting to witness all of these children playing and socializing. Autonomy vs. shame really shined here when I saw a young boy around 3 years old making the conscious choice to disobey what his teacher said. This doesn't seem huge on paper, however when all of the other children are mindlessly obeying and not really acting for themselves its a great moment to capture a child realizing they control what they do. Autonomy vs. Shame is when children realize they are independent and have control over themselves and how they impact others. This was a fantastic sight, and I hope other children take up on this behavior soon to give the adults a bit more difficulty!

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Today I payed mind to a five-year-old in the super market. As this boy is experiencing life through the initiative vs. guilt stage, he exemplifies egocentrism. Egocentrism is ones inability to see another perspective from theirs, essentially putting their view as most relevant. The boy and his mother walk down the aisle and the boy is clearly complaining about the fact that he can’t have ALL of the toys in the you aisle! #selfishmuch? His mother repeatedly explains that they cannot take all of the toys home because there are other children who want them as well and it would be too expensive. Eventually, the boy and his mother left from my sight, but I concluded that this boy is in this specific stage as he combines his view of life being only from his perspective, which enhances his egocentrism. It is normal for children go seek this characteristic during this age, #goodluck to all you parents!!! -Savannah Frazier

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Today I went to the park and witnessed a baby and a mom blowing bubbles. The mom, was blowing bubbles and the baby was laughing and clapping. Soon, the baby starting breathing out with his mouth almost closed, imitating how the mom was blowing bubbles with her mouth almost closed as well. She was amazed with her babies accomplishment and continued to blow bubbles with him. I thought it was very entertaining because I think the baby believed a bubble would come out of his mouth if he made the same facial movements as the mom did, but he will later realize you need both the facial expression and soap!

-Megan Hartpg

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Today I observed a 11 month old child at a local day care center experiencing who was demonstrating sensiormotor developmental skills. These skills occur in children from birth to two years of age. While I was observing the child, he was sucking on "Rack-a-stack" rings and continuously banging the two plastic rings together. The child is becoming more familiar and comfortable with the world by relying on his actions, motor skills, and reflexes.

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On the bus #cliffdrive #4 #publictransit  and there's a woman playing peekaboo with a baby.  This 5 month old is losing their mind with glee. Their caregiver’s face keeps reappearing as if out of thin air. Less of a bus ride and more of an emotional rollercoaster. Give them a few months and the kid will understand that things are still there even when you can’t see them -Jean P.
Aka Sara Richmond

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Girl gone Wild! Today, I observed a child experience Initiative vs. Guilt, where the child wanted to play with chalk but her mom wanted her to go inside and finish her worksheets. I observed that this interaction demonstrated initiative vs. guilt because the child wanted to explore her creative side by drawing and the mom was not encouraging her daughters interests. This may in turn make the child feel guilty of her interest. If the child was able to finish her chalk art and take initiative to express her creativity the child could fulfill the virtue of purpose.
- Marilly Kepoo

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Today I got the opportunity to witness a baby and her mother play peek a boo. The baby was surprised every time her mother peeked her face out from under her hands indicating that she lacked an understanding of object permanence. From the baby's POV, her mother's face completely disappears and is no longer in existence when she hides it. Her face comes back into existence when it makes an appearance.
-Jackie Lopez

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Today, I observed a kid at my work place today experiencing Initiative vs Guilt, where the child told his mom that he wanted to learn how to play piano but was told by his mother that he should join a sport instead. It is clear that this is initiative versus guilt because the parent was not encouraging the child to explore his interests and made him feel guilty about his interests. The mother should have given him the opportunity to explore and take initiative so that the kid could fulfill the virtue of purpose.
- Ryan Cabote

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Today I observed a small child in the sensorimotor stage sucking their thumb! In the past, the child placed their thumb in their mouth by mistake, but has now grown to associate the physical action with pleasure. Infants in this stage explore their world through sensory and motor information.
- Jessica Myngheer