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During World War Two the United States given some material assistance to the CCP because they had a common enemy, Japan. (most of this aid went to Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalist Guomindang Party (GMD))
After the Japanese surrender, CCP and GMD fought each other. America assisted Jiang’s ‘anti- Communist’ forces, but Nationalist victory did not happen.

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The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) invaded Tibet.
Chinese: a reunification of former Chinese territories
Other countries: Expansionism, horrific bloodshed
"Cultural Genocide" (Dalai Lama)

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The North was supported by the Soviets and Chinese PLA “volunteers”. The South was supported by UN and the American Army.
After the war, Sino-American relation became a key factor in international relations. PRC was also weakened by the loss during the war, but they got more determined to stand alone without the help of Soviets.

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After the Korean war, the US concentrated more on Asia and Communist China. The US promised that they will protect Taiwan from aggression. This prevented PRC from invading Taiwan.
However in 1954, Mao tested the US. The US responded strongly, suggesting that nuclear weapon will be used if they threatened Taiwan again.
In 1958 Mao was shelling Quemoy and Matsu again. The USA prepared for war but Mao backed up.

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US's policy of 'containment and isolation' of China

Taiwan: China wanted Taiwan, US didn't accept. China saw it as an improvement in Sino-US relation only when Taiwan becomes a part of China

Vietnam: China condemned the US intervention in Vietnam as 'imperialism'. Aid to NVA

Decolonization movements: China supported to make the USSR the world leader of international revolution and to end Western imperialism. Aided countries to gain independence

the Chinese Cultural Revolution: China increased ferocity of their attacks towards the US and their allies. US considered China as an out-of-control fanaticism of the Maoist leadership and saw as a danger/threat.

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Detente between China and America happened by ping-pong diplomacy, where Kissinger visited China during table tennis game between US and China.
US wanted detente since they:
- Wanted to find the way to end the Vietnam war
- Wanted to put pressure to continue Soviet-American detente
- PRC had ICBM, so it was more dangerous not to have contact
- Nixon wanted to “make history”

China wanted temporal detente because they
- Saw USSR as the main rival
- Wanted concessions in foreign diplomacy
Etc.

Shanghai Communique was declared as a result of Nixon’s visit to China.

After the detente:
- China gained the membership and veto in UN, and Taiwan was expelled.
- China got more connections with developing nations.
- US was able to get out from the Vietnam war
- Added pressure on the USSR to maintain detente.

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After the death of Mao, there was a better relationship between the US and the PRC. There was a "cooling off" period between the two countries. Tiananmen Square pro-democracy protests were held in Beijing in the 1989 however it did not make much difference in China's international position. The US did not want to break their trade links with PRC.

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China was left as the leader if the Communist nations (which were in a crisis; former satellite states were collapsing)
The new leadership decided to focus on developing as a world power (economy rather than ideology)

1992: US gave the PRC 'most favoured nation status'. Became important economic partners