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collectivization - taking farms from farmers and collecting them by government. The land was no more private property.
industrialization - developing heavy industry
central planning - planning and keeping full control over the economy by the government
the great cleansing - massive arrests and public trials of millions of people during Stalin's rules in 30's.

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descend - opanować
cleansing - czystka
imaginary - wymyślone, nierzeczywiste
free market - wolny rynek
market industry - gospodarka rynkowa
contribute to - przyczynić się do
fund - ufundować
trial - proces sądowy

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Through 30's Stalin conducted wide action of removing all opponents and possible threats (also those imaginary). During great cleansing [wielka czystka] political police NKWD arrested thousands of people including high members of communist party. One of executed commanders was Michaił Tuchaczewski who was leading Red Army against Warsaw in 1920.

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According to communist ideology, free market and capitalism was the reason of injustice society. In socialism, economy was controlled and planned by the government. Every five years a new plan was supposed to be announced.  In long term it ruined the economy and contributed to fall of communism 70 years later.

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In 1928 the NEP idea was over. The party took back full control over economy again. There were two main areas of changes:

collectivization in farming. The land was taken from farmers and collected by the party. Massive farms (kołchozy) were introduced. Their efficiency was low.

industrialization led to developing heavy industry (especially warfare industry) and funding new factories all over the country.

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In 1922 the official name of the country was changed from Soviet Russia into Soviet Union. The one and only power in the USSR was Communist Party with Lenin as its leader. In 1925 Josif Wissarionowicz Dżugaszwilli took over power in the party (against the Lenin's will). He didn't use his full name though. He was known as Stalin. It was the beginning of his cult and building the legend of a Nation's Father.

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To descend the situation Lenin decided to return partly to free market regulations and allow to run private business in small companies.

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Soon after bolshevik revolution Lenin recommended introducing "war communism". This was total control of the government over the whole economy, no free market was allowed. In effect chaos and famin spread all over the country and the situation of individuals got worse than during the Great War.