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A tag attached to the animal records light levels, heading, depth, acceleration, water temperature, and the geomagnetic field at specific times. This information is analyzed by computer which uses astronomical equations to calculate the individual latitude and longitude for each data point. These data points are then used to track the path of movement. (Basson et al., 2016, Dewar et al., 2011; Klimley et al., 2017).

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Unboxing Science! - Bluetuna Archival Tags - Monterey Bay Aquarium

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Unboxing Science! - Bluetuna Archival Tags - Monterey Bay Aquarium

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Unboxing Science! - Bluefin Tuna Archival Tags

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It's time to unbox some science with Athena! Our Conservation and Science division studies animals and ecosystems to help protect the ocean and the lives that depend on it. To do our work, we're always getting new scientific tools in the mail-which must be unboxed!

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The devices are lightweight so they work well for small animals like songbirds (Muller et al., 2015). They can be used on both juveniles and adults to track differences in behavior at certain life stages (Schacter & Jones, 2017).

Scientists are using them to understand long-distance migration behavior. (Berumen et al., 2014; Block et al., 2005; Bonfil et al., 2005; Braun et al., 2018; Schacter & Jones, 2017). In addition, they are using this technology to see how pair bonding birds  behave during non-breeding times (Muller et al., 2015). This information can be used to determine what areas need protection for certain species.

They are being used to record the behavior of pelagic fish (Berumen et al., 2014; Block et al., 2005; Bonfil et al., 2005; Braun et al., 2018; Dewar et al., 2011). This information is being used to change how fisheries are managed.

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Mapping Migration - American Bird Conservancy

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Mapping Migration - American Bird Conservancy

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Where do Golden-winged and Cerulean Warblers go when they migrate? A collaboration between multiple universities is seeking to answer this question. Using light level geolocators, researchers are mapping the migration of these tiny songbirds. The goal is to share their findings to protect and manage habitat for these birds on their migratory route, wintering grounds, and breeding sites for full lifecycle conservation.

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Animals need to be captured to attach the tag and then recaptured to retrieve it; or, in the case of fish, the scientists must wait for the tag to pop off (Block et al., 2005; Klimley et al., 2017).

The tags may have detrimental effects on the animal such as decreased ability to forage or fly (Schacter & Jones, 2017).

It is the least accurate of the different types of tracking devices (Basson et al., 2016; Braun et al., 2018; Klimley et al., 2017; Winship et al., 2012))

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I am involved in a study monitoring a non-breeding roost of wild white ibis. We have two years of data showing the population changes in this roost but no idea where the birds feed or nest. We would like to band the ibis with this type of tracker to learn more about their behavior. I am working on a guest interaction at my facility that involves guests in our current study. I would like to be able to share more information about this specific population of ibis.

Photo by Dick Daniels
Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White_Ibis_(Eudocimus_albus)_RWD2.jpg

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Dr Scott Shaffer SJSU discusses GPS Loggers, Geolocation, Archival Tags on Laysan albatross (USFWS) - Audiowarehouse

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Dr Scott Shaffer SJSU discusses GPS Loggers, Geolocation, Archival Tags on Laysan albatross (USFWS) - Audiowarehouse

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Dr Scott Shaffer SJSU discusses GPS Loggers, Geolocation, Archival Tags on Laysan albatross (USFWS)

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Thank you for watching the video! Have you ever volunteered to track birds with GPS units? What was it like? Leave a comment in the comment section below! Dr. Scott Shaffer from San Jose State University explains how geo-location data logger transmits just before attaching a GPS data logger via a bird band on a Laysan albatross.

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Species that have been tracked using this technology

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Species that have been tracked using this technology

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Parakeet auklet/Whiskered auklet (Schacter & Jones, 2017)
Black-tailed godwit (Rakhimberdiev et al., 2016)
Black-footed albatross (Gutowsky et al., 2014)
Scopoli's shearwater (Muller et al., 2015)
Basking shark (Braun et al., 2018)
Whale shark (Berumen et al., 2014)
Atlantic bluefin tuna (Block et al., 2005
Great white shark (Bonfil et al., 2005)
Purple Martin (Fraser et al., 2013)

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A Purple Martin's Eye View of Migration - Purple Martin Conservation

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A Purple Martin's Eye View of Migration - Purple Martin Conservation

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See what a Purple Martin sees as it migrates nearly 5000 miles from Pennsylvania to the heart of the Amazon Rainforest. (camera flight speed approx. 40,000 miles/hr) The Purple Martin Conservation Association is working with international partners to conserve habitat used by martins during their migration.

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American Bird Conservancy. (2016, September 30). Mapping migration [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wcx5og8Qr8k

Audiowarehouse. (2017, May 24). Dr Scott Shaffer SJSU discusses GPS loggers, geolocation, archival tags on Laysan albatross (USFWS) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qegy8EqE1Mo

Basson, M., Bravington, M., Hartog, J., & Patterson, T. (2016).  Experimentally derived likelihoods for light-based geolocation. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7, 980–989.

Berumen, M.L., Braun, C.D., Cochran, J.E.M., Skomal, G.B., & Thorrold, S.R. (2014).  Movement patterns of juvenile whale sharks tagged at an aggregation site in the Red Sea. Plos One, 9(7).

Block, B.A., Teo, S.L.H., Walli, A., Boustany, A., Stokesbury, M.J.W., Farwell, C.J., ...& Williams, T.D. (2005).  Electronic tagging and population structure of Atlantic bluefin tuna. Nature, 434(7037), 1121-1127.

Bonfil, R., Meyer, M. L., Scholl, M. C., Johnson, R., O'Brien, S., Oosthuizen, H., ...Paterson, M. (2005). Transoceanic migration, spatial dynamics, and population linkages of white sharks. Science, 310(5745), 100-103.

Braun, C.D., Skomal, G.B., & Thorrold, S.R. (2018).

Integrating archival tag data and a high-resolution oceanographic model to estimate basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) movements in the Western Atlantic. Frontiers in Marine Science 5. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org .

Dewar, H., Prince, E. D., Musyl, M.K., Brill, R.W., Sepulveda, C., Luo, J., ... & McNaughton, L.M. (2011). Movements and behaviors of swordfish in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans examined using pop-up satellite archival tags. Fisheries Oceanography, 20(3), 219-241.

Fraser, K.C., Stutchbury, B.J.M., Kramer, P., Silverio, C., Barrow, J., Newstead, D., ...Tautin, J. (2013). Consistent range-wide pattern in fall migration strategy of Purple Martin (Progne subis), despite different migration routes at the Gulf of Mexico. The Auk 130(2), 291-296.

Gutowsky, S.E., Trembly, Y., Kappes, M.A., Flint, E.N., Klavitter, J., Laniawe, L.,...Shaffer, S.A. (2014). Divergent post-breeding distribution and habitat associations of fledgling and adult Black-footed Albatrosses Phoebastria nigripes in the North Pacific.  Ibis 156, 60–72.

Klimley, A.P., Flagg, M., Hammerschlag, N, & Hearn, A. (2017). The value of using measurements of geomagnetic field in addition to irradiance and sea surface temperature to estimate geolocations of tagged aquatic animals. Animal Biotelemetry 5:19

Monterey Bay Aquarium. (2016, December 26).

Unboxing science! — bluefin tuna archival tags [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSBIrqycl5I

Muller, M.S., Massa, Bruno, Phillips, R.A., & Dell'Omo, G. (2015).  Seabirds mated for life migrate separately to the same places: behavioural coordination or shared proximate causes?  Animal Behaviour 102,  267-276.

Purple Martin Conservation. (2017, September 8).

A Purple Martin's Eye View of Migration [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XUAtjXSHfI

Rakhimberdiev, E., Senner, N.R., Verhoeven, M.A., Winkler, D.W., Bouten, W. & Piersma, T. (2016). Comparing inferences of solar geolocation data against high-precision GPS data: annual movements of a double-tagged black-tailed godwit. Journal of Avian Biology 47, 589–596.

Schacter, C. & Jones, I. (2017). Effects of geolocation tracking devices on behavior, reproductive success, and return rate of Aethia auklets: an evaluation of tag mass guidelines. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 129(3):459–468.

Winship, A.J., Jorgensen, S.J., Shaffer, S.A., Jonsen, I.D., Robinson, P.W., Costa, D.P., & Block, B.A. (2012).  State-space framework for estimating measurement error from double-tagging telemetry experiments.  Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3, 291–302 .