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Clearly state your thesis statement, make a claim, and support it using solid reasons and evidence.
1: Thesis
2: Claim
3: Reason
4: Evidence
You usually are to use 3 statements or topics that change your opinion to a claim.
The difference between a opinion and a claim is evidence and research.
For an argumentative essay to be effective, you must organize your ideas, provide said evidence, and ORGANIZE.

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Argumentative Writing: Where a writer presents a claim on a controversial issue and uses evidence to support their opinion.
Issue: A topic that is controversial.
Claim: An individual conclusion about a subject.
Warrant: A statement that connects the evidence with the claim. (Also called a bridge.)
Counterclaim: Addressing the other viewpoint.
Turn back/ Rebuttal: Stating why the counterargument is wrong.
Audience: Who is going to read or hear your argument. (Note, think about your audience's views,
Evidence: Make sure to use logic, data, and facts to support your thesis.

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Put quotes from the text.
If you are using quotes from the story, use it word for word, even if there are grammatical errors.

Place the citation in parenthesis at the end of the quote.
It should always be at the end. PUT THE PERIOD OUTSIDE OF THE PARENTHESIS YOU DONG.

Example,
In the text it states, "Yo donga donga it was my favvvvvorite day of the week yalll.' "(Boone, 7)".

Include the authors last name and the page number citation. Put a space, rather than a comma, between the authors name and a page number. If there are multiple authors put their last names beside each other in the parenthesis.

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It is a statement that quickly sums up what the story is about.
Who
What
When
Where
Why
How
Ex: A 10 year old girl named Anne Marie goes on a dangerous journey in 1943 during the Nazi occupation in Denmark to save her best friend."

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1: Denotation= Dictionary Definition.
2: Connotation= Emotion or human reaction to a word.
My lizard is a weasel. He sneaks out of his cage all the time.
(connotation of weasel, sly)

Positive:
ambitious
eccentric
manufactured home
inexpensive
thrifty
chef
Negative:
greedy
weirdo
trailer
cheap
tightwad
cook

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1: How does the author feel toward this subject?
2: How does the author feel about the characters?
3: How does the author feel about the events presented?
4: How does the author feel about his audience (readers)?
5: Can or does the author have different feelings for his subject and/or the audience?
6: Does the narrator feel different from the author?

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RAFT (one paragraph)
R: ole
A: udience
F: ormat
T: opic

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QUESTIONS TO ASK WHEN FINDING TONE:

How do writers express their thoughts through their work?

What tools do writers use to create tone within a piece of art or writing?

How can I become a better writing through using tone and theme?

Every author has a different writing style, and different tones are portrayed in different ways.

Tone is the author's overall attitude towards a subject. In literature, tone is conveyed through the authors use of language, including word choice, phrasing and sentence structures.
Tone is also details that are included or omitted in the texts.

Tone is the attitude toward his or her subject.

For example, sarcasm could be conveyed through the mocking of the characters voice.

Tone is conveyed through:

Diction (choice of words or phrases).

Viewpoint

Syntax (grammar, example, "Yay!" "Yay..." "Yay..?")

TONE IS NOT MOOD

Tone is how the narrator feels about their subject or is trying to convey Mood is what you feel when reading the story

Mood

The feeling when you read the story.

Think about the setting and the language.

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"The author belives that a person ______."

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What the author believes about something

The point the author is trying to make

What the characters grew from or learned.

Theme is not...

Details from the story

Character names

Topic

Location

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What did the character(s) learn?

How did the characters grow or change throughout the story?

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Make a thesis statement

Never be vague

Ask yourself, "Why?"

Elaborate!!!

Dont be obvious

Dont use character names

For example...
1:"The author believes that racism is bad." Well, everyone knows that racism is bad. This is vague, and you need to ask yourself, "Why?" or "What does it do?"
Revised: "The author believes that discrimination and racism can lead to hurt and pain."