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The PDF below shows the exploded drawing and annotation of a wheel.

Knowing how a wheel works can help me in creating my wheel chair. I can use what I learnt from my drawing to design the wheel chair as I will know which part can and cannot be moved. This will be helpful as I can know where to attach my wooden parts and which parts of the wheels can and cannot be dissembled.

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Client: Dwayne's mom as she owns a dog and is someone I am close to, meaning I can interview her about my product.
(Contact: wxid_ph482ujks5qj22)

Target Customer: The product will be specifically designed for people with dogs that can't walk.

User: The product will be tested on Dwayne's dog (Hans). This is because Hans is a dog I am familiar with and is a testable subject. Furthermore, as Hans gets older, he may need to use my product in order to walk.

Problem: Some dogs are born without legs or born with some type of muscle disorder. This results in them not being able to walk and not being able to enjoy life like all dogs should.

Need: The product will be used to support the legs of the dog to aid it in walking.

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Can plastic wheels be used in a wheelchair?

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Can plastic wheels be used in a wheelchair?

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Possible Sources: https://www.passionatepeople.invacare.eu.com/wheelchair-wheels/

http://wheelinmobility.com/wheelchair-tires-simplified-2/

Research Type: Secondary

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How are wheels attached on a wheelchair?

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How are wheels attached on a wheelchair?

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Possible Sources:
https://www.karmanhealthcare.com/anatomy-wheelchair/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dU0pGaoj8o

Research Type: Secondary

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What type of material should be used as the frame for the wheelchair?

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What type of material should be used as the frame for the wheelchair?

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Possible Sources:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/wheelchair

https://www.handicappedpets.com/homemade-diy-dog-carts/

https://www.handicappedpets.com/adjustable-dog-wheelchairs/

Research Type: Secondary

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What limitations or constraints does a wheelchair have?

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What limitations or constraints does a wheelchair have?

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Possible Sources:
https://www.karmanhealthcare.com/disadvantages-of-the-manual-wheelchair/

Research Type: Secondary

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The product below serves as a toy or a model to be displayed. The product is red in color and has four black wheels at each corner. The product can be moved using the wheels. The product can be relevant as it shows me the way the wheels are connected to the car. Furthermore, I can learn about the material and design of the product and use it when I create my own product.

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The product below is a suitcase created by Samsonite. The product is used to store objects and move it using the wheels attached. The product is grey in color and has a rough texture on the outside. The product can teach me how to create a durable product.

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Bicycles (Bikes) serves as a form of transportation. The product below is black and green in color and is made out of steel. As the product is designed as a form of transportation for humans, a lot of the controlling parts will not be relevant for my product (saddle, handle bars, brakes etc). However, the brackets will be necessary for my wheelchair as it forms the shape of the product.

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The product below is a form of transportation. The user stands on the platform and pushes the ground using his/her other feet. The product is similar to a wheelchair as it requires the user's own power in order to move. I can learn how to attach platforms to wheels and how it can be used on animals.

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The goal of the unit is to create a product which includes wheels. The product I have in mind is a wheelchair for animals (mainly dogs). Personally, I have owned several dogs in the past ranging from golden retrievers to poodles. As humans get older, their bodies will start to fail and not work as efficiently as before. Some humans are born limbless, and thus cannot walk. This is the same case for dogs and animals. Humans have wheelchairs to help them walk when they are injured or old. I decided to make a wheelchair for dogs as it can help them walk even when they are old. Furthermore, some dogs are born with diseases that prevents them from walking. A wheelchair will not be a perfect solution, however it can be used as a support for them, aiding them to walk.

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The product will be designed for people with dogs that can't walk. The product will help dogs that can't walk start to walk properly. The wheels can be used as a replacement "leg" and can support the animal when they walk. My research told me that most wheelchair have a steel frame, so my wheelchair would probably use a steel frame as well. Furthermore, a user that can test my product will be one of my friend's dog. Although the dog is not old, I can use my product to see if it is viable for it in the future. The product must meet safety requirements and must meet its intended purpose as a wheelchair for dogs.

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The success of the product can be known either by conducting a survey or asking feedback from the client. I will get feedback from my client regarding to functionality and durability of my product. This way, I can find out the parts I did well on, as well as the parts I can improve. If the client thinks that wheelchair is an ideal solution for their dogs to walk, it means my product is successful. However, if the client doesn't think the wheelchair is ideal, it means my product is unsuccessful. Furthermore, my research told me that wheelchairs have to last a long time in order to be successful. This means that in order for my product to be successful, it has to be durable and must be usable for the user.

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During the constriction of the product, there are several constraints that will be faced. Firstly, I have no experience in creating a wheelchair and only limited experience in creating products. To create a successful wheelchair, every measurement and cut has to be precise. If this is not valid, the different parts such as wheels and frames will not be attached properly. This will affect the functionality and durability of the product for the client. Futhermore, the selection of materials in the design room is limited. This is a problem as there may be parts of a wheelchair that the design room cannot provide. This will result in a change in the product, which can affect the looks and fucntion of the product. My research told me that in order for the wheels to be attached to the body, there has to be precise measurements in my cut, or else the wheel will either be too loose or not even fit.

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The product is below was found in the school campus. The product is used as a form of transportation for disabled people. The disabled would sit in the seat and would be pushed around. The product is black in color and is made out of nylon. The wheelchair has two small wheels at the front, which control the direction and two bigger wheels at the back. Furthermore, the wheelchair has two armrests and leg rests respectively. The leg rests are used to support the disabled leg of the user and to allow the user to move freely. the The frame of the product is made out of steel. Looking at this wheelchair, I can understand how basic wheelchairs are made. I can learn about the comfortability of the wheelchair and how I can make my product comfortable as well. Also, I can learn how the basic seat is created and incorporate it into my own wheelchair.

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1.1 The product will be black in color

1.2 The product will have wheels attached to move the object using screws and/or casters

1.3 The product will look like an ordinary human wheel chair but smaller. This is because dogs are naturally smaller in size compared to humans but have the same style in walking, which can be met using a wheelchair.

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2.1 The target customer of the product will be people with disabled dogs

2.2 The user of the product will be dogs that can't walk on their own

2.3 The product will be tested by seeing the reaction from the dog and its owner

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3.1 The product created will include a strap that can be used to tighten around the body of the dog. This is required as it prevents the wheelchair from being detached from the dog as it walks.

3.2 Foam will be added on the wheelchair to prevent splinters and other injuries on the user

3.3 The foam will add a layer of protection if the wheelchair was to crash

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4.1 The wheels of the wheelchair will have a diameter of 30 centimeters

4.2 The wheelchair will be roughly 60 centimeters in length and 30 centimeters in height as the wheel has a diameter of 30 centimeters

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5.1 The main function of the product is to help disabled dogs walks. This is needed because it is tough for the dogs that can't walk to have fun and enjoy their life compared to normal dogs that can walk.

5.2 The product will be "successful" if its able to carry and help a dog walk at least 10 meters

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6.1 The product will be in the shape of a wheelchair and will include a platform for the dog to rest on as well as wheels

6.2 The platform/frame of the product will be flat

6.3 The wheels of the product will be round in order for the wheelchair to move

6.4 The product will be in a "U" shape and the body of the dog will rest in the middle with foam on both sides

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7.1 The materials and tools required to make the product must be available in the SSIS design room as its more convenient and easier to use with the help of supervisors.

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The SketchUp design below shows the final product that will be created, a dog wheelchair. The curved surface is designed to have the dog's stomach rest on top. The seat belt is designed to secure the dog into the wheelchair whilst moving.

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Out of the many thumbnail sketches, four were developed into more detailed drawings. However, one of the four was chosen as a final design that will be created. The product chosen is a wheelchair designed for dogs. The product is needed to help dogs walk and is needed to help them enjoy the life they deserve. Out of the many products that could serve the purpose, I decided to choose this specific product because it looks better compared to the other products. Not only does it look better, it is more realistic as it is a product that is already pretty well known and used. Nobody would put their pet own a wooden board and just drag it around, that is why I decided to choose a dog wheelchair as my final product.

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1x 450mm * 300mm * 10mm wooden board

2x 450mm * 100mm * 10mm wooden board

1x 300mm * 20mm (in diameter) metal rod

2x Casters for wheels attachment

1x Foam padding for internal of wheel chair

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1. Measure and mark the lengths of wood needed for the base of the wheel chair (10 minutes)

2. Measure and mark the lengths of wood needed for the sides of the wheel chair (15 minutes)

3. Ayi will help cut the wood (30 minutes)

4. Purchase Casters for the wheels (5 minutes)

5. Ensure casters fit into the metal rod and is sturdy (30 minutes)

6. Connect the 3 wooden pieces together using nails and hammer (60 minutes)

7. Attach the wheels onto the frame of the wheelchair by nailing the casters (60 minutes)

8. Add foam protection to the wheelchair (60 minutes)

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Before making cuts on the wood, I used a ruler and a pencil to mark out the exact dimensions needed to ensure the product fits.

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To connect the wooden pieces together, I used a drill and screws to connect the pieces. I first drilled a hole using the drill bit then used a screw slightly bigger than the hole created to attach the pieces together.

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To make the surfaces of the wood smooth and to prevent splinters, I used a sanding machine. This removes the splinters and makes the surface smooth and better to touch and use.

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To ensure the user is comfortable while using the product, I decided to add foam onto the 3 inner sides of the product. To ensure the foam stays attached, I used fabric to cover the foam and the wood. I stapled the fabric using a staple gun.

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In Criteria C1, I created a plan that talks about the steps and time needed to create the product in an organized structure. Most of the time, I followed the plan created. I started off my measuring and marking the lengths needed. I then asked a supervisor to make the cuts for me as I am unexperienced in using the band saw.

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However, throughout the making, i noticed there were several steps I missed and several steps that were unnecessary. For example, to attach my wheels onto the main piece, I didn't need to use casters. This was an unnecessary step in my plan and could be removed. This gave me more time to work on the other parts of my plan. As seen in C2, the wheels were attached using the wooden compartment given onto the main body.

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In my plan for manufacture, I noticed several important steps were lacking. For example, I didn't include steps such as sanding. This is a required step in the product as it prevents splinters and makes the overall look of the product better. By having to add this step on the spot, everything else was backtracked and I ended up spending more time than planned. As seen in the image below, the sanding step is missing from the initial plan for manufacture.

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While creating the product, I noticed my plan was way too simple. For many of the steps, I didn't know exactly how to do it and I had to seek help and my teachers and peers. This resulted in me spending more time than planned which affected the total time needed to create the product. Looking at the plan for manufacture below, the plan I created was a lot less detailed in comparison.

(Liu, Cheng Yun. Jan 10, 2019.)

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After making the product, I noticed the product wasn't really stable. I had to use an additional piece of wood and attach it to the center piece. This created something in between the wood and made the product more stable. Also, I thought I would be able to attach the foam onto the wood using hot glue. That didn't work so I had to use fabric to cover and staple the foam onto the wood. Both these steps required more time and effort and needed to be done to make the product of higher quality. The image below shows the final product. Although its hard to see, there's a piece of wood in the center wood piece to strengthen the durability of the wheelchair.

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A wheelchair must be able to hold a certain amount of weight before breaking. This test will see the durability of my product and measure the amount of weight it can hold. As most dogs that will be using the wheelchair is less than 20 kg in mass, it will pointless to test the wheelchair with weights heavier than 20 kg.

The test will be done by adding 1 kg weights onto the wheelchair. I will observe the product to see if there are any cracks or signs that show the product is breaking from the weight.

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A wheelchair must be able to move freely in different directions. I will setup a series of cones and maneuver the wheelchair through the cones. The objective is to not touch the cones using the wheelchair. By doing this test, I can see if the wheelchair can move freely like a normal dog would. I can see if the product is capable of replacing and helping dogs that can't walk to walk.

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The inner part of the wheelchair must be soft to ensure the user doesn't get injured while using the product. To test the softness of the wheelchair, I will have an egg sitting in the middle of the chair. I will use a hammer to hit the two sides of the product to simulate the scenario of the wheelchair crashing. If the egg is still intact, it means the product is safe for dogs to use.

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Possible Sources:
http://www.vetstreet.com/our-pet-experts/whats-the-deal-with-older-pets-who-have-trouble-walking

Research Type: Secondary

Older dogs have trouble walking because animal joints develop arthritis. Solutions can be to reduce pressure put on the joints.

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The product was chosen because it meets the purpose of helping disabled dogs walk (5.1). Also the curved shape of the product makes it comfortable for users (6.1). The chosen product is safe for dogs to use because it has a seatbelt strapped on top (3.1). The product itself would also look like a wheelchair, but smaller (1.3) and also meet the ergonomics of dogs.

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After completing the weight test, I noticed my product was durable and sturdy enough to hold the weight of an average sized dog. The wheelchair was able to hold 20 kg of weight without much problem. This weight test tested against the specifications and showed me that the product is functional and well made (5.1, 7.1). The test showed me flaws or my product and what was done well, and whether the product would be usable or not.

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I tested the mobility of the car by steering it through several obstacles. The wheelchair seemed to move fine but had trouble doing quick turns. Sudden 180 degree turns was hard for the wheelchair as the wheels positioned on the chair weren't meant for sudden turns. Most wheelchairs have 4 wheels (as mentioned in A3) which help improve the control and agility of the wheelchair. The created product however, only had two large wheels on the side. This limited the agility of the product and meant that for every turn it made, it had to move the distance forward. This met the specification (5.1) as the product would be able to replace the legs of dogs and serve as a wheelchair for disabled dogs.

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After completing the test, I noticed the egg placed in the middle of the product survived, meaning it didn't break. This meant that the foam protecting the egg reduced the impact of the hammer on the wheelchair. This simulated a scenario if the wheelchair was to crash, and the dog would survive. However, after the impact, the egg rolled off the wheelchair and cracked. But this didn't really matter because the egg already survived the initial crash. This met the specification (3.3) as it protected the egg inside the wheelchair, which meant that the dog would be safe if the wheelchair were to crash.

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Looking at the results of my tests, I noticed several constraints in my product and possible improvements.

Firstly, the product created doesn't really meet the purpose of a wheelchair. The product doesn't have any leg holes for the dog. This means that the dog will be really uncomfortable while using the wheelchair. To improve this, I should add leg holes for the legs. The disabled legs would be used to lift the wheelchair off the ground, but will not be used to walk. The wheels will be the same level as the height of the dog legs so pressure wouldn't be put on the broken legs. This way, the dog can use the front legs to walk comfortably (comfortability).

Secondly, the wheelchair itself isn't really stable. If a large amount of weight is put onto the product, the wheels would start to tilt. �An improvement for this would be to screw the wheels tighter using a machine. However, the wheel can't be screwed on too tight or else it wouldn't even move. Also instead of using screws to attach the wooden board, I could have used clamps. This would make the frame of the wheelchair more stable (durability test).

Finally, the wheels of the product didn't really spin. To solve this problem, I can add oil to the inside of the wheel. This would make the wheel spin smoother and as a result increase the mobility of the product (mobility test).

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To attach the wheels, I first removed the wheel from the wooden compartment. I screwed the wooden compartment onto the main object. I then attached the wheel onto the compartment by turning the bolt.

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The product didn't have much of an impact on the client and the goal listed in the design brief (A4) wasn't  met.

After trying the wheelchair on the user, I noticed that the dimensions of the product was incorrect. The user was unable to walk using the wheelchair. It was uncomfortable for the user to walk using the product and the legs of the user was oddly placed. The product created serves better as some type of trolley instead of a wheelchair. The goal of the product, to help disabled dogs walk wasn't achieved using the product.

The product doesn't have much of an impact on society, as it doesn't help solve any problem and doesn't help disabled dogs walk. However, the concept of the product was well designed and by modifying the wheelchair, the goal can be met. Furthermore, by improving the product, the wheelchair can successfully be used to help dogs walk. Currently, wheelchairs made for dogs already exist. By learning from the successful products and modifying the created wheelchair, the product would then be useful.