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Charlton, C., Dearing, K., Berry, J., & Johnson, M. (2008). Nurse practitioners' communication styles and their impact on patient outcomes: An integrated literature review. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 20(7), 382-388. doi:10.1111/j.1745- 7599.2008.00336.x

Foronda, C., MacWilliams, B., & McArthur, E. (2016). Review: Interprofessional communication in healthcare: An integrative review. Nurse Education in Practice, 1936- 40.       doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2016.04.005

Goosen, S. (2015). Communication among nurses. Professional Nursing Today, 19(1), 18-20.

Tschannen, D., & Lee, E. (2012). The Impact of nursing characteristics and the work environment on perceptions of communication. Nursing Research & Practice, 1-7.       doi:10.1155/2012/401905

Tschannen, D., Schoville, R., Schmidt, P., Buehler, K., Borst, S., & Flaherty-Robb, M. (2013). Communication practices among nurses in the acute care setting. Journal of              Communication in Healthcare, 6(3), 171-179. doi:10.1179/1753807613Y.0000000037

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Effective communication remains one of the top priorities of the nursing profession as it is a key component to patient safety and satisfaction. As patient advocates, nurses should act as role models to other healthcare professionals by exemplifying clear and open communication. The biophysical style of communication should be utilized when time permits to allow patients to feel involved in the decision-making process. In order to achieve the highest level of effective communication, those in leadership should assess communication among staff and provide regular feedback. In addition, leadership should consider providing inter-professional training programs “due to the complex, multi-faceted nature of communication. (Foronda, MacWilliams, & McArthur, 2016).” When considering the results of the Joint Commission’s research of the sentinel events of 2010, it should be abundantly clear that developing more effective communication skills among healthcare professionals should be of top priority.

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The biophysical style is a patient-centered form of communication that allows room for patient input and decision making (Charlton, Dearing, Berry, & Johnson, 2008).

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Two Major Styles of Communication among Healthcare Professionals 

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Two Major Styles of Communication among Healthcare Professionals 

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What does effective communication look like? Why is it important?

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Nurses spend a large majority of their day in communication with other healthcare professionals. A recent study found that “RNs spend approximately 24% of their time during a 12-hour shift in synchronous communication with other members of the healthcare team (Tschannen et al., 2013).”

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The Joint Commission has put a high emphasis on the improvement of communication among healthcare professionals after identifying communication as the root cause of the majority of the sentinel events in 2010 (Tschannen & Lee, 2012).

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What Is the Biopsychosocial Model?

How can we find out why a person has anxiety or depression? What elements are involved? We can often identify many factors leading to the development of a psychological disorder, such as genetics, difficulty regulating emotions, or environmental stress. There is so much to consider that psychologists have adopted what's called the biopsychosocial (BPS) model, which examines biological, psychological, and social factors affecting an individual, to examine how and why disorders occur.

The BPS model isn't just used by psychologists; it has many applications in different fields because of how inclusive it is of different factors that influence human behavior. A doctor might wonder: 'How could different social situations lead to this disease?' Or, a social worker might want to see if a child's developmental disorder might have to do with being in a foster family.

Biopsychosocial Breakdown in Terms

The 'bio' component of this theory examines aspects of biology that influence health. These might include things like brain changes, genetics, or functioning of major body organs, such as the liver, the kidneys, or even the motor system. For example, let's say Joan has an accident that leaves her with reduced movement in her right arm. This biological change might influence how she feels about herself, which could lead to depression or anxiety in certain situations.

The 'psycho' component of the theory examines psychological components, things like thoughts, emotions, or behaviors. Joan might go through many different psychological changes. She might experience decreased self-esteem, fear of judgment, or feel inadequate in her life or job. These changes in thoughts might lead to changes in behaviors, like avoiding certain situations, staying at home, or quitting her job. As she engages in these behaviors, her injury might worsen, or she could suffer further depression and anxiety.

The 'social' component of the BPS model examines social factors that might influence the health of an individual, things like our interactions with others, our culture, or our economic status. A possible social factor for Joan could be her role in her household. Perhaps Joan is a new mother. An injured arm might reduce her ability to care for her new baby. Being unable to fulfill this social role might trigger problems with her husband or other family members, causing Joan stress that could lead to further biological or psychological problems.

An important connection to make here is that the elements of the BPS model are all connected. Biology can affect psychology, which can affect social well-being, which can further affect biology, and so on. Joan's biological state changed, which affected her psychological state and social interactions, which all went on to affect each other again.

Thus, the power of the BPS model is that it looks at health and disease in a variety of contexts and examines how the interaction of different factors leads to specific issues for an individual. To successfully treat Joan, her doctors might incorporate physical therapy to help her arm recover, psychological therapy to work out distress, and maybe integration into social programs so Joan can return to or create a regular social routine.

Applying the Biopsychosocial Model

Now that you understand what the BPS model is, let's look at an example to see how a psychologist would use this model in their everyday work.

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what is the biopsychosocial model? - definition & example - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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What is the Biopsychosocial Model? - Definition & Example - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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How can we find out why a person has anxiety or depression? What elements are involved? We can often identify many factors leading to the development of a psychological disorder, such as genetics, difficulty regulating emotions, or environmental stress.