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Learn the story behind the free grammar conversation books on English LIstening Library Online.

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Episode 20: The Great Wall of China - English in 10 Minutes

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In this two-part episode, Nick and Wendy talk about their experiences at the Great Wall of China in several locations throughout the country.

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Welcome to your calm corner of English learning!
Here, we believe that learning English doesn’t have to be hard or stressful. With simple lessons, everyday vocabulary, and friendly explanations, you’ll start speaking and understanding English little by little—every single day. This channel is all about making English a natural part of your routine, so you can grow confident, consistent, and fluent in your own time. Subscribe and learn with ease—one step at a time.

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Teste TOEIC Online Gratuito 2026 – TOEIC TEST PRO

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O TOEIC TEST PRO foi desenvolvido para ajudar você a praticar e aprimorar suas habilidades no TOEIC®, preparando-se bem para o exame. O aplicativo auxilia no aprimoramento do Teste TOEIC Online.

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With this lesson, students talk about bans and prohibitions. After reading an article, they discuss smoking and vaping. They also talk about trends and practise using adjectives.

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ESL Brains ‐ Unique video‐based teaching materials for adults

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See our ESL lesson plans and worksheets for teaching adults which touch contemporary topics. All materials are based on TED Talks or other video materials.

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Fluentize: Engaging Video-Based ESL Lesson Plans For Teens & Adults

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This activity has two purposes.

The first purpose is to improve listening accuracy. Learners can often understand the general meaning of a video but still not hear and understand many of the words that are said. This is because native speakers tend to say the functional words unclearly. (eg. don't know, going to, want to, can't, must have) This activity is designed to help learners improve their ability to hear these words.

TIP: Learners should listen, and then try to repeat exactly what they hear. Then they should click "Show" and read the sentence. After reading the sentence, learners should listen again and try to hear each word.

The second purpose is to improve pronunciation.

TIP: Learners should listen to and read the sentences at the same time. Then learners should try to copy the pronunciation and intonation of the speaker exactly.

TIP: Exaggerating the intonation and feeling of the speaker is useful. It may feel awkward or funny, but it will help you sound more natural.
Escuchar y Repetir
Esta actividad tiene dos propósitos separados.

El primer propósito es mejorar la precisión auditiva. Los estudiantes a menudo pueden comprender el significado general de un video, pero aún no escuchan ni comprenden muchas de las palabras que se dicen. En particular, los hablantes nativos tienden a decir las palabras funcionales (p. Ej., No sé, voy a, quiero, no puedo, debe haberlo hecho) de manera poco clara. Esta actividad está diseñada para ayudar a los alumnos a mejorar su capacidad para escuchar estas palabras.

CONSEJO: Los alumnos deben escuchar y luego intentar repetir exactamente lo que se dijo. Luego deben hacer clic en "Show" y leer la oración. Después de leer la oración, los alumnos deben volver a escuchar e intentar escuchar cada palabra.

El segundo propósito es mejorar la pronunciación.

CONSEJO: Los alumnos deben escuchar y leer las oraciones al mismo tiempo. Luego, los alumnos deben intentar copiar la pronunciación y la entonación del hablante.

CONSEJO: Es útil exagerar la entonación y el sentimiento del hablante. Puede parecer incómodo o divertido, pero te ayudará a sonar más natural.
듣고 따라하기
이 액티비티에는 두 가지 목적이 있습니다.

첫 번째 목적은 청취 정확도를 높이는 것입니다. 학생들은 종종 비디오의 일반적인 의미를 이해할 수 있지만 여전히 많은 단어를 듣고 이해하지 못합니다. 특히 원어민은 기능적 단어 (예 : 모르겠다, 갈 것, 갖고 싶어, 가질 수 없어야 한다)를 불분명하게 말하는 경향이 있습니다. 이 액티비티는 학습자가 이러한 단어를 듣는 능력을 향상시킬 수 있도록 고안되었습니다.

팁 : 학습자는 듣고 나서 말한 내용을 정확하게 반복해야 합니다. 그들은"Show"를 클릭하고 문장을 읽어야 합니다. 문장을 읽은 후 학습자는 다시 듣고 각 단어를 들어야 합니다.

두 번째 목적은 발음을 향상시키는 것입니다.

팁 : 학습자는 동시에 문장을 듣고 읽어야 합니다. 그런 다음 학습자는 화자의 발음과 억양을 따라 해 보아야 합니다.

팁 : 화자의 억양과 느낌을 과장하는 것이 유용합니다. 어색하거나 재미있게 느껴질 수 있지만 더 자연스럽게 들리는 데 도움이 됩니다.
Ouvir e repetir

Esta atividade tem dois propósitos.

O primeiro objetivo é melhorar a precisão auditiva. Os alunos geralmente podem entender o significado geral de um vídeo, mas ainda não ouvem e entendem muitas das palavras que são ditas. Isso ocorre porque os falantes nativos tendem a dizer as palavras funcionais de forma pouco clara. (por exemplo, não sei, vou, quero, não posso, devo ter) Esta atividade é projetada para ajudar os alunos a melhorar sua capacidade de ouvir essas palavras.

DICA: os alunos devem ouvir e tentar repetir exatamente o que ouviram. Em seguida, deveriam clicar em "Mostrar" e ler a frase. Depois de ler a frase, os alunos devem ouvir novamente e tentar ouvir cada palavra.

O segundo objetivo é melhorar a pronúncia.

DICA: os alunos devem ouvir e ler as frases ao mesmo tempo. Em seguida, os alunos devem tentar copiar exatamente a pronúncia e a entonação do falante.

DICA: É útil exagerar na entonação e no sentimento do falante. Pode parecer estranho ou engraçado, mas ajudará você a soar mais natural.

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Listen in English - American English File - Lunch with Holly

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Improve your Englih with American English File. Jenny and Rob have some trouble getting the food that they ordered.

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One Minute English Video #699 Have you ever been lost?

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One Minute English - Students can watch a video and take a quiz. These lessons take just a minute to do and are designed for ESL students.

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Use Directions: Write sentences about the video clip using the words given. You can change the word form or add words, but you cannot change the word order. a present time frame (tense).

Usa el Instrucciones: Escriba oraciones sobre el videoclip usando las palabras dadas. Puede cambiar la forma de la palabra o agregar palabras, pero no puede cambiar el orden de las palabras. tiempo presente.

Usa Instrucciones: Escribe oraciones sobre el videoclip usando las palabras dadas. Puede cambiar la forma de las palabras o agregar palabras, pero no puede cambiar el orden de las palabras. tiempo presente.

지시 : 주어진 단어를 사용하여 비디오 클립에 대한 문장을 씁니다. 어형을 변경하거나 단어를 추가할 수 있지만 어순은 변경할 수 없습니다. 현재 시제를 사용합니다.

Michael / bring / Jim / Dwight / office

Michael brings Jim and Dwight [into/to] his office.

they / roleplay / situation / which / Jim / client / and / Dwight / salesperson

They roleplay a situation in which Jim is the client and Dwight is the salesperson.

Dwight / surprise / when / Jim / say / name / Buttlicker

Dwight is surprised when Jim says him (that) his name is Buttlicker.

Jim / pretend / offend / when / Dwight / question / name

Jim pretends to be offended when Dwight questions his name.
Jim pretends to be offended when Dwight asks a question about his name.

Jim / call / Dwight / stupid / when / pretend / take / another / call

Jim calls Dwight stupid when he pretends to take another call.

Jim / get / angry / Dwight / ask / him / personal / question

Jim gets angry at Dwight for asking him personal questions.
Jim gets angry at Dwight when he asks him personal questions.

Jim / ask / Dwight / speak / because / he / hard / hearing

Jim asks Dwight to speak [up/louder] because he is hard of hearing.

Dwight / yell / Jim / that / Jim / can / hear / him

Dwight yells at Jim so that Jim can hear him.

Jim / get / angry / Dwight / and / call / aggressive / hostile / difficult

Jim gets angry at Dwight and calls him aggressive, hostile, and difficult.

Michael / take / over / call / Dwight

Michael takes over the call from Dwight.

Jim / offer / buy / one / million / dollar / worth / paper / product / provide / Michael / fire / Dwight

Jim offers to buy one million dollars worth of paper products provided (that) Michael fires Dwight.

Dwight / beg / Michael / not / fire

Dwight begs Michael not to fire him.

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Listen in English | The Office | Selling Paper

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Improve your English with the Office. Dwight practices selling paper to Jim.

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Usually the worksheets are just for members, but these ones are free for everyone!

This podcast goes with this pie video:

Enjoyed the worksheets? Become a member here, only €19 for 3 months! New members get all the worksheets for the podcasts on the site now and for the next three months!

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free worksheets for podcasts in english - the top English language learning site for elementary students

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Usually the worksheets are just for members, but these ones are free for everyone! This podcast goes with this pie video: Enjoyed the worksheets? Become a member here, only €19 for 3 months! New members get all the worksheets for the podcasts on the site now and for the next three months!

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This site contains more than a thousand ESL discussion questions on a range of topics including general, grammar and business English discussion topics. These discussion questions are suitable for teachers to use in the ESL classroom with students at intermediate level or above. The ESL discussion questions are designed to be accessible to a general audience, but are open enough to allow advanced speakers to develop more complex responses.

Select a category above from either the general, grammar or business sections and click on the link. This will take you to a page where you can view the ESL discussion questions and download them in a variety of PDF formats perfect for the classroom. All the materials on this site are provided free of charge.

For further information about the site and its author, see the about page.

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ESL Discussion Topics: Conversation Questions for Students

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Discussion questions for teachers in the EFL classroom on general, business and grammar topics. All handouts in PDF format.

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Examples from literature

Defendant, what have you to say in your defense?

I suppose that it is for the jury to determine whether the defendant is guilty of a crime or not.

If the case has attracted much attention, the juror knows the prevailing ideas as to the guilt or innocence of the defendant.

Q. Were you present when defendant first offered his land for sale to the plaintiff?

You had quarreled with the defendant, with whom you had formerly been on friendly terms.

(Definition of defendant from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)

These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.

defendant

These are words often used in combination with defendant.

Click on a collocation to see more examples of it.

convicted defendant

In the second stage, the stage at which the convicted defendant receives the sentencing "discount" for committing an attempted and not a completed crime, there are no epistemological shortcomings left.

criminal defendant

Of course the criminal defendant whose liberty and reputation are at risk should have unhindered access to advice and representation.

indigent defendant

This may be relatively easy, in the case of a dispute against an insured party, or extremely difficult, in the case of an uncooperative, transient, or indigent defendant.

From

This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license.

These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.

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DEFENDANT meaning: 1. a person in a law case who is accused of having done something illegal 2. a person in a law case.... Learn more.

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Magic Riddles: Riddles for Solving the Mysteries

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Embark on a captivating journey through the world of magic riddles, where enchantment and brain-teasing combine in harmony.

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All our English Present Simple Activities, Games and Lesson plans!
Use these activities for warm-up, review, homework, free practice or just something fun to do related to this important ESL grammar. Our original ESL Present Simple activities are ZOOM-friendly and designed for the online classroom, but also work great as printables! Teach Present Simple in a fun way today!

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Our original ESL Present Simple activities are ZOOM-friendly and designed for the online classroom, but also work great as printables!

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Exams E1 - ESOL - offender learning - Health and Safety at work

This lesson gives practice in elements of the Skills for Life ESOL exam papers. In each reading paper candidates are required to identify signs, recognise basic text types and purpose and identify capital letters.

esol offender-learning

e1 zip-folder

Exams E2 - ESOL - offender learning - Travel and transport

This lesson is about travel and transport within the UK and beyond. It provides learners with the vocabulary required to understand exam instruction and for the subject of travel.

esol offender-learning

e2 zip-folder

Exams E3 - ESOL - offender learning - Me and my home

This lesson is about houses and running a home. It provides some language required to understand exam instructions and for the subject of 'homes' in all modes.

esol offender-learning

e3 zip-folder

Using film to teach English - ESOL - offender learning - Lesson plan

Film is invaluable in the prison environment as a way of focusing on communication skills.

esol offender-learning

e1 e2 e3 lesson-plan zip-folder

Using the gym - ESOL - offender learning - Lesson plan

This lesson is about using the gym. It provides students with the vocabulary and speaking practice to feel more confident in understanding and talking to gym staff and users about gym equipment and exercise.

esol offender-learning

e1 e2 e3 lesson-plan zip-folder

Using the library - ESOL - offender learning - Lesson plan

This lesson is about using the library in prison.

esol offender-learning

e1 e2 e3 lesson-plan zip-folder

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English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) support - The Education and Training Foundation

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We provide support and resources for practitioners who are working with English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) learners.

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An infinitive is the basic form of a verb. It is generally used with the word “to” (“to run”). It can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb in a sentence.

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If you sometimes struggle knowing when to use and were, you aren't alone. Many people are confused as to when to use the verb was and when to use the verb were. But the rules for using these terms are clear when you know what to look for.

Were and was are past tenses of the irregular verb to be. The verb to be is an irregular verb, which is a verb that does not follow any pattern or rules in its conjugation.

The verb to be is probably one of the most commonly used and confusing verbs in the English language. It can be particularly hard to understand whether to use were or was in certain situations if you don't first determine the point of view the subject of the sentence provides.

What Is the Difference Between Was and Were?

Was and were are past tenses of the verb to be. The subject's point of view determines whether you use was or were.

First Person Point of View: I, Me, My, Mine, Myself, We, Us, Our, Ours

Second Person Point of View: You, Your, Yours, Yourself

Third Person Point of View: He, Him, himself, She, Her, Hers, Herself, It, They, Them, Their, Theirs, Themselves

Was is the first person singular past tense form of the verb to be.

Was is also the third person singular past tense form of the verb to be.

She was not friendly when introduced to my sister.

Were is the second person singular and second person plural past tense form of the verb to be.

Were is also the first and third person plural past tense form of the verb to be.

Be serves as an irregular verb and an irregular auxiliary verb. But what does being an irregular or irregular auxiliary verb have to do with it? First, let's look at how to be is conjugated, so you understand how irregular verbs differ from other verbs.

Conjugating To Be

To be conjugates into five different forms:

What Is an Irregular Auxiliary Verb?

As you can see above, to be never used -ed in the past tense. Irregular verbs are defined as verbs that don't use -ed in the past tense.

Irregular verbs rely on the auxiliary verb (or helping verb) to indicate the future, present, or past tense.

The past tense of to be can be used as a verb and as an auxiliary verb. When used as an auxiliary, it is followed by the verb to describe the tense.

For example:

It can also serve as a verb. For example,

When to Use Was in a Sentence

Was is the first person singular past tense form of the verb to be and the third person singular past tense form of the verb to be.

For example:

When to Use Were in a Sentence

Were is the second person singular and plural past tense form of the verb to be and the first and third person plural past tense form of the verb to be.

For example:

We were going to the beach.

You were home last night.

The boys were in bed by ten o'clock.

They were asleep by eleven.

There Were or There Was?

The use of were vs. was can get a little murky in a few situations. The first situation is when using the phrases there were or there was.

To use these terms correctly, you must identify the subject of the sentence and ensure the subject and verb are in agreement. Ensuring that a subject and verb are in agreement means making sure that they are either both plural or singular.

A good rule to remember is when a sentence begins with there, the subject is found after the verb. Once the subject has been identified, use the following rules:

Remember this rule when trying to decide whether to use was, were, or some other form of the verb to be.

For example:

Hypothetical Situations

Using the word if or wish is a reliable indicator of using the subjective mood.

A subjunctive mood expresses a hypothetical situation that has not come to pass but might come to pass. It may be conditional, or it may simply be imaginary.

Subjunctive moods are almost always expressed using an if or I wish phrase.

A subjunctive mood always uses the past tense verb were. The verb were is the correct choice, regardless of whether the subject is singular or plural, when speaking of a conditional or hypothetical situation.

For example:

Using the word if is a reliable indicator of using subjective mood. Now you know that when faced with a choice between the phrases if I were or if I was, the phrase if I were is always correct.

Let's Review

First Person Singular = Was

Third Person Singular = Was

Second Person Singular = Were

First Person Plural = Were

Second Person Plural = Were

Third Person Plural = Were

If the sentence is a hypothetical statement, always use were no matter whether the subject is singular or plural.

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Was vs. Were - Usage, Examples & Worksheet

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If you sometimes struggle knowing when to use and were, you aren't alone. Many people are confused as to when to use the verb was and when to use the verb were. But the rules for using these terms are clear when you know what to look for.

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This ESL lesson is about ChatGPT: pros, possible applications, and concerns. Includes vocabulary and speaking activities about ChatGPT and technology.

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Lesson Description

In this ESL lesson plan for adults and teens, students watch an informative video about ChatGPT and a basic overview of its uses, features, capabilities, as well as concerns and issues regarding this technology. It includes discussion questions, and conversation and vocabulary activities about search engines, chatbots, and artificial intelligence. Students then do some listening/viewing comprehension acitivities based on the video. The viewing follow-up includes a follow-up discussion on ChatGPT, and two short activities featuring a few connectors (conjunctions, adverbs, etc.). There is a 'Technology Description Task', as well as a quiz & review and lesson reflection included.

Video Description

Still don't know what is ChatGPT and what is it capable of? ChatGPT is a revolutionary AI chatbot developed by OpenAI. It can understand various requests, communicate in 90 languages, and perform a wide range of tasks for free. While Chat GPT AI has many benefits, there are also concerns about potential misuse.

Lesson Topics

Chatbots, Search Engines, ChatGPT, Artificial Intelligence, Technology

Lesson Preview

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What Is ChatGPT & What Is It Capable Of?

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In this ESL lesson plan for adults and teens, students watch an informative video about ChatGPT and a basic overview of its uses, features, capabilities, as well as concerns and issues regarding this technology. It includes discussion questions, and conversation and vocabulary activities about search engines, chatbots, and artificial intelligence.

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If you love teaching English, you probably love literature!
And as a teacher, there's no greater pleasure than sharing your favorite books with your students.

But how should you go about teaching ESL literature to your intermediate and advanced students? What's the best way to take the plunge to ensure their-and your-success in reading comprehension with literary classics?

When teaching ESL literature, the first thing to do is make sure you know your audience.

As tempting as it can be to teach some great books or stories to your beginner or intermediate students, hold off when it comes to the following literature classics.

Wait until students have the reading skill level they need to appreciate these books before trying to introduce them. This is usually going to be an upper intermediate or advanced level, but you can be the judge-consider the amount of vocabulary and grammar students have under their belts. What kind of English texts have they read so far? Even with more advanced students, you might want to ease them in with short stories and slightly more challenging texts.

It's better to give them time to achieve the required level than to leave them struggling to understand. Remember that abridged, simplified and modernized versions are available for many classics, so these might be a better option to help younger and less advanced students to get their feet wet.

Once you've decided your students have the requisite level to approach an ESL literature text, arm yourself with the appropriate resources. Some of these may seem obvious, but it's better to be over-prepared rather than under-prepared!

First, ensure that all of your students purchase the same edition of the text. This way, you can easily refer to page numbers when assigning home reading.

Secondly, be sure that you allocate enough time to teaching the book. An ESL book will take far longer to teach than a mother tongue book, and you may never delve quite as deeply into it as you would if you were teaching the text to EMT (English as a Mother Tongue) readers. Adjust your expectations. Assign about half as much reading for home as you would for EMT students, and format your lesson plans in accordance with this rhythm.

Next, make sure that when you assign reading at home, you've given the students the skills and tools they need to succeed. Of course, this will vary with each individual book-and we'll look at some specific cases momentarily-but on the whole, you'll want to ensure that new vocabulary is addressed and that students have some idea of what to expect from the text before delving in.

Remember, if you read this book as a high school student, you were reading it as an EMT reader. ESL readers will read it differently-not only from a linguistic standpoint, but from a cultural standpoint as well. Be sure to address relevant topics to the text before assigning the reading, otherwise homework will end up being a waste of time.

And above all, prepare your class discussion topics in advance.

Of course, if a student has an interesting element of the text that he or she wants to discuss, let the discussion take its course! But if your students show up with nothing to say, you'll need to prompt them even more than a traditional literature teacher would. Be prepared with worksheets, discussion questions and essay topics should the need for them arise.

Some great general ESL literature questions can be found here, but you'll also want to find questions that are more specific to the book you're studying...which brings us to the next part of the program.

With these general rules in mind, here are a few of our favorite ESL literature texts to teach. Pick one off your local library shelf and get reading-even if it's the second, seventh or seventieth time you've read the text-to get ready to address it with your ESL students!

Teaching Point: ESL Literature for Learning Dialect

"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" by Mark Twain is often billed as a children's book, but while the classic of the 19th century is indeed about children, it's far from designed for young readers. With its local color and slang but relatively straightforward storyline, this book is ideal for upper intermediate to advanced readers.

These discussion questions are ideal for more advanced students. They'll require quite a bit of preparation so that students can understand the questions themselves perfectly before attempting to answer them. To best take advantage of these discussion questions, pick one and use it to launch a class discussion, following with a debate. Finish the unit by assigning the same question as an essay.

This list of lesson plans is actually intended for 5th grade EMT students, but it can work just as well for intermediate to advanced ESL students, particularly if the activities are assigned as pair work and completed, at least partially, in class. These plans are particularly useful for including hands-on activities in class and are ideal for changing up the tedium of day-to-day classroom formats.

This Tom Sawyer on Facebook lesson plan is a fantastic way to bring Tom Sawyer into the 21st century and will appeal particularly to younger learners.

The rhythm of the prose in "Slaughterhouse Five"is quite intriguing, for ESL and EMT readers alike. Try using sections of this audiobook version during listening activities to help students grasp the rhythmic nature of the book.

This complete "Slaughterhouse Five" lesson plan is a great way to get students thinking about how the author and the book are intertwined. It also helps them associate the book with their own lives. Because it's designed for EMT readers, you may want to split the planned 1 hour lesson into 2 or 3 lessons to allow more time for students to get a handle on ESL portions of the learning process.

A quick intro to a lesson on "Slaughterhouse Five,"either before presenting the work or after, could involve asking students to explain, translate or analyze the phrase, "so it goes," offering equivalents or substitute expressions that could work, either in their native tongue or in English.

When teaching "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer," be sure to highlight dialect words and go over them with the class. Encourage students to search for words in the text that they don't recognize, and try to decide as a group what the words mean.

It may be interesting to use "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" as an introduction or pathway into discussing Southern American culture via web resources, films and other literature.

Teaching Point: ESL Literature for Uncovering Hidden Themes

"Slaughterhouse Five"is an intriguing book to teach to ESL readers. While the language itself is relatively simple, the themes of Kurt Vonnegut's book are quite complex and involve a great deal of research into the politics and events of the time period. For this reason, "Slaughterhouse Five"is a great book to tackle with older students who are at least upper intermediate or advanced learners.

This quick matching exercise is a useful way to test whether students have understood the nuances involved in the allegory.

Use this audiobook as a listening exercise. Squealer's speech is a great section to tackle in this case. In fact, you can turn the listening comprehension exercise into a written and oral production exercise by asking students to use the tools employed by Squealer to write and deliver their own persuasive speeches to the class.

Teaching Point: ESL Literature and Morality Discussion

You'll definitely want to work with an audio version of the book along with the text, but also take the time to let students try their hand at reading the text aloud.

This exercise allows students to take a logical, critical approach to Salinger's use of the vernacular.

"To Kill a Mockingbird"is a longer book. As such, you may wish to devote an entire semester to studying it. Because the protagonist is young, it can be used to teach younger students, particularly in middle school and high school. The additional availability of a film version of the book offers a welcome reward and also allows you to study certain passages in-depth without having students necessarily read the entirety of the book, since time may not permit such an activity.

The ideal way to use "To Kill a Mockingbird"in a classroom setting is to allow it to spur discussions of morality and making the right decisions. This can be achieved when a teacher selects passages from the book to work with and shows the film in class. The film can be subtitled or not, depending on your students' skill level. This guide to themes in "To Kill a Mockingbird"is a great place to start. You can also integrate multimedia in the form of songs with this lesson plan.

Teaching Point: Understanding Allegory in ESL Literature

The dystopian farm universe of "Animal Farm" is clearly representative of real world events-it's imperative, then, that students be capable of understanding figurative language and allegory in their native language before attempting to teach this book in an ESL setting.

Fortunately, there are a lot of great resources to help teachers explore and explain the nuances of the allegory in this text to ESL students. As the teacher, you'll need to be prepared not only to explore the world of "Animal Farm"but also the historical facts of the Russian revolution it represents. These photos can be a good way to begin to present the latter.

Teaching Point: "ESL Literature and Oral vs. Written Language"

"Catcher in the Rye"is a must-read for any teenager, but for ESL students, it has an added benefit: thanks to Holden Caulfield's conversational narration style, the book is a fantastic way to introduce the differences between spoken English and written English-something that many ESL students struggle with, particularly ones that watch their favorite American television shows in their original, undubbed versions.

Once you've taught a few classic books to ESL students, the world is your oyster. Teaching ESL literature may require a bit more planning, but it's definitely worth it to open the world of literature to your students.

Oh, and One More Thing...
Bring English immersion to your classroom!
If you liked these lesson plans, you'll love using FluentU in your classroom. FluentU takes real-world videos-like music videos, cartoons, documentaries and more-and turns them into personalized language learning lessons for you and your students.

It's got a huge collection of authentic English videos that people in the English-speaking world actually watch on the regular. There are tons of great choices there when you're looking for songs for in-class activities.

You'll find music videos, musical numbers from cinema and theater, kids' singalongs, commercial jingles and much, much more.

On FluentU, all the videos are sorted by skill level and are carefully annotated for students. Words come with example sentences and definitions. Students will be able to add them to their own vocabulary lists, and even see how the words are used in other videos.

For example, if a student taps on the word "brought," they'll see this:

Plus, these great videos are all accompanied by interactive features and active learning tools for students, like multimedia flashcards and fun games like "fill in the blank."

It's perfect for in-class activities, group projects and solo homework assignments. Not to mention, it's guaranteed to get your students excited about English!

If you liked this post, something tells me that you'll love FluentU, the best way to teach English with real-world videos.

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5 ESL Literature Lesson Plans Based on Great American Books

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If you love teaching English, you probably love literature!And as a teacher, there's no greater pleasure than sharing your favorite books with your students.But how should you go about teaching ESL literature to your intermediate and advanced students? What's the best way to take the plunge

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HOME

-English Language Learning-

Listen & Read
Short Stories
>>> Intermediate and Advanced <<<

The Raft by Stephen King

"Few short stories in horror fiction are as terrifying as The Raft. A simple but bone chilling tale about a floating wooden raft in the middle of a deserted lake and the horrors that befall a group of college friends who swim out to it one October day. Incorporating dread, paranoia, betrayal, and even body horror, the lean and mean story is both heartbreaking and horrifying."

Part One (32 min. at normal speed)Part Two (30 min. at normal speed

by Dean Koontz Miss Attila the Hun
Part One (32 min. at normal speed)Part Two (29 min. at normal speed

Lullaby

Two 'Just So Stories'

Animal Rescue

The World's End by Agatha Christie

Obits by Stephen King
Part One (30 min. at normal speed)
Part Two (28 min. at normal speed)
Part Three (39 min. at normal speed)

Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving
Part One (25 min. at normal speed)
Part Two (18 min. at normal speed)

The Secret Life of Walter Mitty by James Thurber
(13 min. at normal speed)
Plus:
The Dog That Bit People

(13 min. at normal speed)The Night the Ghost Got In
(12 min. at normal speed)

Three Southern Stories by Bailey White (25 min. at normal speed)(20 min. at normal speed)
The Green Bus
The Telephone Man
What Would They Say in Birmingham (25 min. at normal speed)

David Sedaris in Paris - Three humorous short stories (12 min. at normal speed)(7 min. at normal speed)
Me Talk Pretty One Day
Make That a Double
(12 min. at normal speed)I Pledge Allegiance to the Bag

Four Stories For The Winter Festivities and Holidays
The Gift of the Magi (12 min. at normal speed) Santaland Diaries (6 min. at normal speed) Matchless: A Christmas Story (21 min. at normal speed) Wolf Christmas (6 min. at normal speed)

Five Stories by Kate Chopin (7 min. at normal speed) (8 min. at normal speed) (22 min. at normal speed) (11 min. at normal speed)
The Story of an Hour
The Kiss
Ma'ame Pélagie
A Respectable Woman
A Pair of Silk Stockings (13 min. at normal speed)

Five Stories by Ruskin Bond
The Cherry Tree (10 min. at normal speed)
The Night Train at Deoli (9 min. at normal speed)
The Woman on Platform 8 (10 min. at normal speed)
The Prospect of Flowers (13 min. at normal speed)
The Thief (12 min. at normal speed)

The Night Johnny Ace Died by James Lee Burke
Part One (25 min. at normal speed)
Part Two (22 min. at normal speed)

The End of Love by Nina LaCour
Part One (33 min. at normal speed)
Part Two (37 min. at normal speed)

Sneakers by Stephen King
Part One (18 min. at normal speed)
Part Two (18 min. at normal speed)
Part Three (20 min. at normal speed)

The Scarlet Plague by Jack London (1912)

Part One (24 min. at normal speed) Part Two (18 min. at normal speed)
Part Three (20 min. at normal speed)
Part Four (20 min. at normal speed)
Part Five (20 min. at normal speed)
Part Six (15 min. at normal speed)

Tales of El-ahrairah by Richard Adams
1- The Blessing of El-ahrairah
2- The King's Lettuce
3- The Trial of El-ahrairah
4- El-ahrairah and the Black Rabbit of Inlé
5- Rowsby Woof and the Fairy Wogdog

(21 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) Debarking by Lorrie Moore
Part One ( 21 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two (19 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Three
Part Four (19 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

) The Machine Stops by E. M. Forster Part One (32 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available

Part Three (26 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) Part Two (29 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

(23 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) Smith of Wootton Major by J.R.R. Tolkien
Part One (19 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two (24 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Three

(24 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) Betty Knox and Dictionary Jones in The Mystery
of the Missing Teenage Anachronisms by Jack Campbell
Part One (27 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two (26 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Three

(15 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) Animal Rescue by Dennis Lehane
Part One (12 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two (14 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Three (14 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Four

The Spectator [Le spectateur] by Irène Némirovsky
Part One ( 18 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two (20 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

'A Heartwarming Tale of Christmas in a Foreign Land'
by David Sedaris
(Length = 20 min.at normal speed - Various speeds available)

(18 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) (17 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) The Mystery of the Spanish Chest by Agatha Christie
Part One (16 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two (22 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Three Part Four
Part Five
(12 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

(16 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) (20 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) The Fly by Beorge Langelann
Part One and Two (16 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Three
Part Four
Part Five (26 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

(32 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) The Butterfly Lion by Michael Morpurgo
Part One ( 31 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two
(30 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) Part Three

The Latecomerby Mavis Gallant Part One ( 30 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two (30 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

Rooms by the Seaby Nicholas Christopher Part One ( 20 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two (18 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

The Third and Final Continentby Jhumpa Lahiri Part One ( 25 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two (24 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

[ Santaland Diaries by David Sedaris
ADVISORY: Contains adult content, adult language ]
Part 1 (22 to 27 min.) Part 2 (21 to 25 min.) Part 3 (22 to 26 min.)

Four Stories . by Bailey White A Good-For-Nothing and His Dog (17 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) A Kind of Love (22 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) The Second Hand or The Roach(20 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) The Wedding Horse (18 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

The Adventure of the Dorset Street Lodger by Michael Moorcock
Part 1 (18 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part 2 (22 min.at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part 3 (23 min.at normal speed - Various speeds available)

(26 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available) Blood Driveby John Grisham Part One (24 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two
Part Three (24 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

Quitters, Inc . by Stephen King Part One (24 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two (24 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

'Parker Pyne Investigates - 2 stories by Agatha Christie
The Case of the City Clerk The Case of the Rich Woman
(31 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
(31 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

Three Stories by F. Scott Fitzgerald
The Lost Decade
(~9 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Three Hours Between Planes
(~13 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
The Bridal Party
Part One (~21 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part Two (~20 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)

You Know They Got a Hell of a Band by Stephen King
Part 1 (20 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part 2 (2o min.at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part 3 (19 min.at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part 4(17 min.at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part 5 (18 min.at normal speed - Various speeds available)

The Strange Library by Haruki Murakami
Part 1 (20 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part 2 (21 min.at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part 3 (19 min.at normal speed - Various speeds available)

The Snows of Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway
Part 1 (18 min. at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part 2 (17 min.at normal speed - Various speeds available)
Part 3 (16 min.at normal speed - Various speeds available)

Midnights by Rainbow Rowell
Part 1 (Listening time = 23 minutes - more or less depending on chosen listening speed)
Part 2( Listening time = 27 minutes - more or less depending on chosen listening speed)

Harrington and Whitehillby John O'Hara
Part 1 (19 to 23 min.) Part 2 (21 to 25 min.) Part 3 (19 to 23 min.)

The Tragedy at Marsdon Manor (30 to 36 min.) by Agatha Christie
The Adventure of the Cheap Flat (31 to 37 min.) by Agatha Christie

Agatha's First Caseby M.C. Beaton
Part 1 (19 to 23 min.) Part 2 (9 to 10 min.) Part 3 (11 to 14 min.) (12 to 14 min.) Part 4

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson
(Length = 25 to 30 min.depending on chosen listening speed)

A Tree. A Rock. A Cloud.by Carson McCullers
(Length = 22 to 26 min.depending on chosen listening speed)

The Singular Habits of Waspsby Geoffrey A. Landis
Part 1 (21 to 25 min.) Part 2 (20 to 24 min.) Part 3 (17 to 21 min.)

No Time Leftby David Baldacci
(Length = 34 to 41 min.depending on chosen listening speed)

That Feeling, You Can Only Say What It Is in French by Stephen King
Part 1 (20 to 24 min.) Part 2 (23 to 28 min.)

Such a Lucky, Pretty Girl by Persia Walker
Part 1 (19 to 23 min.) Part 2 (26 to 32 min.)

THE HUMAN MYSTERY by Tanith Lee
Part 1 (19 to 23 min.) Part 2 (9 to 10 min.) Part 3 (11 to 14 min.) (12 to 14 min.) Part 5 Part 4 (24 to 28 min.)

A Sound of Thunder by Ray Bradbury
Part 1 (17 to 21 min.) Part 2 (18 to 22 min.)

You Are Released by Joe Hill
Part 1 (24 to 28 min.) Part 3 (17 to 21 min.) Part 2 (21 to 25 min.)

The Disintegration Machine by Arthur Conan Doyle
Part 1 (21 to 25 min.) Part 2 (19 to 23 min.)

The Kidnapped Prime Minister by Agatha Christie
Part 1 (21 to 25 min.) Part 2 (20 to 24 min.)

[ Season's Greetings by David Sedaris
ADVISORY: Contains adult content, adult language ] (Length = 38 to 45 min.depending on chosen listening speed)

The Adventure of the Egyptian Tomb by Agatha Christie
Part 1 (18 to 22 min.) Part 2 (15 to 18 min.)

October in the Chair
by Neil Gaiman (28 to 36 min.depending on chosen listening speed)

by Harlan Ellison I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream
Part 1 (22 to 27 min.) Part 2 (15 to 19 min.)

by Agatha Christie The Case of the Discontented Soldier
Part 1 (22 to 27 min.) Part 2 (15 to 19 min.)

(15 to 19 min.) The Horror of the Many Faces by Tim Lebbon
Part 1 (16 to 20 min.) Part 2 Part 3 (20 to 24 min.)

Those Who Seek Forgiveness by Laurell K. Hamilton
(Length = 28 to 35 min.depending on chosen listening speed)

Threeby Agatha Christie Very Short Stories Featuring Hercule Poirot
The Adventure of the Italian Nobleman (24 to 30 min.)
The Million Dollar Bond Robbery (21 to 27 min.)
The Case of the Missing Will (20 to 25 min.)

Those Happy Shores (Les rivages heureux) by Irène Némirovsky
Part 1 (24 to 30 min.) Part 2 (25 to 32 min.)

Stationary Bike by Stephen King
Part 1 (18 to 23 min.) Part 2 (12 to 15 min.) Part 3 (12 to 15 min.)
Part 4 (13 to 16 min.) Part 5 (11 to 14 min.) Part 6 (23 to 29 min.)

The Five-Forty-Eight by John Cheever
Part 1 (19 to 24 min.) Part 2 (19 to 24 min.)

Long Lost by Jeffrey Archer
Part 1 (23 to 29 min.) Part 2 (17 to 22 min.) Part 3 (24 to 30 min.) Part 4 (20 to 25 min.)

The Endgame by Jeffrey Archer
Part 1 (23 to 29 min.) Part 2 (24 to 30 min.) Part 3 (26 to 32 min.) Part 4 (27 to 33 min.)

Car Wars by Cory Doctorow
(34 to 41 minutes long, depending on chosen listening speed)

The Method by Janet Fitch [ ADVISORY: Adult content, adult language, & violence ]
Part One (21 to 25 min.) Part Two (20 to 24 min.) Part Three (16 to 20 min.)

Nettles by Alice Munro
Part One (19 to 23 min.) Part Two (23 to 27 min.) Part Three (19 to 23 min.)

When the World Screamed by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Part One (28 to 33 min.) Part Two (28 to 34 min.) Part Three (28 to 34 min.)

Yaqui by Zane Grey
Part One (21 to 25 min.) Part Two (20 to 24 min.) Part Three (21 to 25 min.)

Afterlife by Stephen King
(34 to 41 minutes long, depending on chosen listening speed)

[ Season's Greetings by David Sedaris ADVISORY: Contains adult content, adult language ]
(38 to 45 minutes long, depending on chosen listening speed)

Human Readable by Cory Doctorow
Part One (26 to 31 min.) Part Two (26 to 31 min.) Part Three (23 to 27 min.) Part Four (16 to 19 min.)

Striding Folly by Dorothy L. Sayers
(31 to 27 minutes long, depending on chosen listening speed))

The Tunnel Under The World by Frederik Pohl
Part One (19 to 23 min.) Part Two (21 to 25 min.) Part Three (21 to 25 min.) Part Four (16 to 19 min.)

[ Debarking by Lorrie Moore ADVISORY: Contains adult content, adult language ]
Part One (21 to 25 min.) Part Two (19 to 23 min.) Part Three (21 to 25 min.) Part Four (19 to 23 min.

Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage by Alice Munro
Part One (24 to 30 min.) Part Two (25 to 31 min.) Part Three (25 to 32 min.) Part Four (22 to 27 min.)

and [ ADVISORY: Contains adult content, adult language ]
I Am the Doorway (33 to 39 min.) - Two storie by Stephen King

The Letter by W. Somerset Maugham
Part One (21 to 15 min.) Part Two (21 to 25 min.) Part Three (21 to 25 min.) Part Four (21 to 26 min.)

The Clothes They Stood Up In by Alan Bennet
Part One (26 to 31 min.) Part Two(25 to 30 min.) Part Three (27 to 32 min.) Part Four(23 to 28 min.)

I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon by Philip K. Dick
Part One (24 to 28 min.) Part Two(22 to 26 min.)

Too Many Coincidences by Jeffrey Archer
Part One (30 to 36 min.) Part Two (31 to 37 min.)

The Shadow on The Glass by Agatha Christie
(23-28 minutes)

Old Indian Trick (16 to 19 minutes) Ministerial Aid (22 to 26 minutes)
Two Sheriff Walt Longmire stories by Craig Johnson

The Window of Time by Richard Matheson

Sometimes They Come Back by Stephen King [Contains adult content, adult language ]
(21-26 minutes)

Two stories from Denis Johnson's book of eleven short stories - 1- Car Crash While Hitchhiking (13-15 minutes) 2- Emergency (23-28 minutes) Jesus' Son.)
by Denis Johnson(

Philomel Cottage by Agatha Christie
(17-21 minutes)

Cannibalism in the Cars / Case of Smith vs. Jones by Mark Twain
("Cannibalism" = 26 to 31 minutes) ("Smith vs. Jones" = 16 to 19 minutes)

Three-Ten to Yuma by Elmore Leonard
(Listening time = 33 to 39 minutes - depending on chosen listening speed)

Tales of El-ahrairah by Richard Adams
5 stories about the legendary El-ahrairah, and his trusty companion, Rabscuttle

The Singular Habits of Wasps by Geoffrey A. Landis (20 to 24 min)

Five Short Stories by Saki - 1) Gabriel-Ernest - (18 to 21 min.)
2) Sredni Vashtar - (15 to 18 min.) 3) The Penance - (17 to 20 min.)
4) The Story-Teller - (13 to 15 min.) 5) Tobermory - (21 to 25 min.)

The Bus Driver Who Wanted to Be God - and other stories - by Etgar Keret
One (9 to 11 min.) Two (11 to 13 min.) Three (6 to 7 min.) Four (10 to 12 min.) Five (7 to 8 min.) Six (5 to 7 min.) Seven (12 to 14 min.)

Salt by Sherman Alexie (32 to 38 min. )

The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding by Agatha Christie
(16-19 min)
Part 4 (16-19 min) (16-19 min) Part 5

Grace Notes by Sara Paretsky
(22 to 27 min)

The Road Virus Heads North by Stephen King
(22 to 25 min)

Too Near Real
byJonathan Safran Foer (33 to 37 min. )

Four and Twenty Blackbirds by Agatha Christie (31 to 37 min.)
The Dream by Agatha Christie Part One (25 to 30 min.) Part Two (24 to 29 min.)

War Dances by Sherman Alexie (* Advisory: contains adult language)
Part One (20 to 24 minutes) Part Two (20 to 24 minutes) (20 to 24 minutes) Part Three

Three Stories by John Cheever
The Enormous Radio ( 25 to 29 minutes) ( The Swimmer 27 to 33 minutes)
Goodbye, My Brother Part One (listening time = 27 to 33 min) Part Two (listening time = 25 to 30 mi)

(49 to 65 min.)

by Roald DahlFantastic Mr. Fox
Part 1 (19 to 26 min) Part 2 (19 to 25 min) Part 3 (25 to 34 min)

(21 to 28 min) Part 3 (22 to 29 min)

by Sherman AlexieThe Limited / Breaking and Entering
(Listening time = 29 to 34 minutes - depending on chosen listening speed)

by Scott Edelman Almost The Last Story By Almost The Last Man
Part 1 (26 to 35 min) Part 2 (24 to 32 min) Part 3 (23 to 31 min)

by Neil Gaiman The Truth Is a Cave in the Black Mountains
Part 1 (20 to 25 min) Part 2 (18 to 23 min)
Part 3 (21 to 26 min) Part 4 (22 to 28 min)

by Frederick Forsyth The Emperor
Part 1 (20 to 25 min) Part 2 (20 to 25 min)
Part 3 (20 to 25 min) Part 4 (18 to 23 min)

by Oscar Wilde Lord Arthur Savile's Crime
Chapter 1 (23 to 29 min) Chapter 2 (7 to 9 min)
Chapter 3 (16 to 21 min) Chapter 4 (6 to 8 min)
Chapter 5 (23 to 29 min) Chapter 6 (3 to 4 min)

by Stephen KingThe Man in the Black Suit
Part 1 (22 to 28 min) Part 2 (22 to 27 min) Part 3 (22 to 27 min)

How To Talk To Girls At Parties by Neil Gaiman (Listening time = 30 to 38 minutes - depending on chosen listening speed)

by Raymond CarverFive Short Stories
1) - I Could See the Smallest Things (25-31 minutes) 2) - Mr. Coffee & Mr. Fix-it (6-7 minutes)
5) -What We Talk About When We Talk About Love
3) - Sacks (15-19 minutes) 4) - So Much Water So Close To Home (16-20 minutes) (31-39 minutes)

by Leo TolstoyThe Snowstorm
Part One (22 to 28 minutes) Part Two (22 to 28 minutes) Part Three (26 to 31 minutes)

by Anton Chekhov Four Short Short Stories 1) - Hush! (28 to 36 minutes)
2) - The Chorus Girl (28 to 36 minutes) 3) - The Beggar (28 to 36 minutes) 4) - The Trousseau (28 to 36 minutes)

by D.H. LawrenceThree Short Short Stories
1 - The Shades of Spring (15 to 18 minutes) 2 - Rawdon's Roof (14 to 18 minutes) 3 - Goose Fair (14 to 18 minutes)

by Philip K. DickThe Adjustment Team

by Daphne du MaurierThe Birds
Part One (23-29 minutes) Part Two (25-31 minutes) Part Three (22- 28 minutes) Part Four (24- 30 minutes)

by Pearl S. Buck The Good Deed
Part One (27 to 33 minutes) Part Two (25 to 31 minutes)

by Agatha Christie The Witness for the Prosecution
Part One (27 to 33 minutes) Part Two (25 to 31 minutes)

by Stephen King The End of The Whole Mess
Part One (32 to 40 minutes) Part Two (30 to 37 minutes)

I Know What You Need by Stephen King
Part One (27 to 34 minutes) Part Two (28 to 35 minutes)

by Kurt Vonnegut Confido
(Listening time = 29 to 34 minutes - depending on chosen listening speed)

by Ernest HemingwayThe Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber
Part One (32 to 40 minutes) Part Two (33 to 41 minutes)

The Long Rain by Ray Bradbury
(Listening time = 36 to 45 minutes - depending on chosen listening speed)

A Casual Affair by W. Somerset Maugham
Part One(23 to 29 minutes) Part Two (23 to 28 minutes)

Four Stories For The Winter Festivities and Holidays
The Gift of the Magi (Listening time = 12 to 16 minutes)
Santaland Diaries (Listening time = 6 to 8 minutes)
Matchless: A Christmas Story (Listening time = 21 to 26 minutes)
Wolf Christmas (Listening time = 6 to 7 minutes)

Three Stories by Bailey White What Would They Say in Birmingham (25 to 32 minutes )
The Green Bus (25 to 31 minutes ) The Telephone Man (20 to 25 minutes)

The Abominable History of the Man with Copper Fingers by Dorothy Sayers
Part One ( 20 to 25 minutes) Part Two (21 to 26 minutes )

A Little Cloud by James Joyce
(Listening time = 29 to 36 minutes - depending on chosen listening speed)

A Mother by James Joyce (Listening time = 30 to 37 minutes - depending on chosen listening speed)

Araby by James Joyce
(Listening time = 13 to 16 minutes - depending on chosen listening speed)

Crazy Sunday by F. Scott Fitzgerald (Listening time = 40 to 51 minutes - depending on chosen listening speed)

Eveline by James Joyce (Listening time = 13 to 16 minutes - depending on chosen listening speed)

The Canterville Ghost by Oscar Wilde
Part One (24 to 30 minutes) Part Two (28 to 34 minutes) Part Three (28 to 34 minutes)

The Monkey's Paw by W.W. Jacobs
Part One (10 to 13 minutes) Part Two (6 to 8 minutes) Part Three (8 to 11 minutes)

The Reach by Stephen King
Part One (18 to 23 minutes) Part Two (27 to 33 minutes)

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ESL English Listening & Adult Literacy - News - Audiobooks - Songs - Radio Dramas

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HOME -English Language Learning- Listen & Read Short Stories >>> Intermediate and Advanced <<< The Raft by Stephen King "Few short stories in horror fiction are as terrifying as The Raft. A simple but bone chilling tale about a floating wooden raft in the middle of a deserted lake and the horrors that befall a group of college friends who swim out to it one October day.

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Weather vocabulary matching worksheets - ESL Vault

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Free weather vocabulary matching worksheets for the ESL classroom. Students need to match the pictures with the correct words.

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Reading Exercises - Environment | English Club

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These lessons include readings, vocab, quizzes and comprehension questions, as well as topics for discussion and essays. If you care about our Earth, but find it hard to express your opinions and concerns in English, these pages will help you.

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Already a member? Log in here.

Upgrade your English

Two-speed audio, step-by-step videos, translations, quizzes, exercises, and a supportive community to help you speak English with more confidence.

I always look forward to the next lessons. The videos and live conversation calls with Jeff and JR make me feel part of a learning community.

Take the next step in English

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Already a member? Log in here. Two-speed audio, step-by-step videos, translations, quizzes, exercises, and a supportive community to help you speak English with more confidence. I always look forward to the next lessons. The videos and live conversation calls with Jeff and JR make me feel part of a learning community.

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Worksheet description

Speaking practice worksheet for causative 'have / get' structure - get / have (something) done.

Instructions

There are two worksheets per sheet. Cut in half and give out one each. Students work in pairs and prepare questions from the cues.
Download have something done - speaking practice (.doc)

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Worksheet description Speaking practice worksheet for causative 'have / get' structure - get / have (something) done. Instructions There are two worksheets per sheet. Cut in half and give out one each. Students work in pairs and prepare questions from the cues. Download have something done - speaking practice (.doc)

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English texts for beginners to practice reading and comprehension online and for free. Practicing your comprehension of written English will both improve your vocabulary and understanding of grammar and word order. The texts below are designed to help you develop while giving you an instant evaluation of your progress.

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Wordwall - Crie lições melhores mais rapidamente

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Precisa de um novo recurso didático que se adapte à sua turma e ao seu estilo de ensino? Crie um pacote personalizado de atividades interativas e imprimíveis em apenas um minuto.

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What is marine debris?

Have you ever been to the beach and noticed litter, like plastic bottles or foam take-out containers on the sand?

Or maybe youâ€™ve been to a river or bay where thereâ€™s a car tire or bags stuck in the mud on the shore?

Or a bunch of deflated balloons that say Happy Birthday floating in the water?

All of that junk in the water, or on the shoreline, is considered marine debris. It's anything solid and man-made in the ocean or Great Lakes that is not supposed to be there.

And anything people use every day can become marine debris if they don't dispose of it properly. And I mean anything!

The most common items we find when we do shoreline cleanups are plastics.

But we also find rubber, cloth, glass, metal, and paper litter.

Sometimes, the debris is so tiny, like a plastic microbead from your face wash, that you can barely see it in the water.

Marine debris is more than just trash in the ocean.

Sometimes fishers lose their gear, like fishing traps, nets, or fishing line, and it continues to drift through the water, catching animals for a long time. We call that derelict fishing gear, and it's marine debris.

Have you ever seen an old boat left behind on a shoreline? Abandoned and derelict vessels are also marine debris.

So let's review. Anything we use every day can become marine debris if we don't dispose of it properly or if it goes into the water by accident.

Marine debris can be very small, or can be very big, and anything in between.

But most importantly, marine debris is one of the biggest pollution problems facing the world's oceans and waterways today.

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What is marine debris? Have you ever been to the beach and noticed litter, like plastic bottles or foam take-out containers on the sand? Or maybe youâ€™ve been to a river or bay where thereâ€™s a car tire or bags stuck in the mud on the shore?

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Wordwall - Crie lições melhores mais rapidamente

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Try our free ESL lesson plans. There are free ESL kids, general English, business English and grammar lesson plans! No sign-up required. Try our sample ESL lesson plans today!

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Lots of English grammar exercises and quizzes both online and in PDF to help you practise your English

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Speaking English

Grammar

Select an exercise below.

Unit 1 - Exercise 1 - Present perfect simple and continuous

Unit 1 - Exercise 2 - Verb patterns

Unit 2 - Exercise 1 - used to and would

Unit 2 - Exercise 2 - Past perfect simple and continuous

Unit 3 - Exercise 1 - Question forms

Unit 3 - Exercise 2 - Comparison

Unit 4 - Exercise 1 - Probability: present and future

Unit 4 - Exercise 2 - Future continuous and future perfect

Unit 5 - Exercise 1 - Passive: all forms

Unit 5 - Exercise 2 - Use of the passive

Unit 6 - Exercise 1 - Passive: advanced structures

Unit 6 - Exercise 2 - Articles and quantifiers

Unit 7 - Exercise 1 - Reported speech

Unit 7 - Exercise 2 - Reporting verbs

Unit 8 - Exercise 1 - Talking about ability

Unit 8 - Exercise 2 - Relative clauses

Unit 9 - Exercise 1 - Criticising past actions

Unit 9 - Exercise 2 - Mixed conditionals

Unit 10 - Exercise 1 - Emphasis

Unit 10 - Exercise 2 - Relative clauses

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Oxford University Press, English Language Teaching - elt.enquiry@oup.com

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Grammar | Solutions | Oxford University Press

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with word definitions, example sentences and quiz

Most people eat out quite often, even if they like cooking and eating at home. They might eat breakfast or lunch in a cafeteria or canteen where they work or study, or go to a café or restaurant nearby. Many people also go out to eat dinner once or twice a week. They might go to a fast food restaurant for a quick meal, or go to a proper restaurant if they're eating out with family or friends, or when going on a date. They might go somewhere that serves just one country's food like an Italian or Japanese restaurant, or to a restaurant that serves a particular type of food like seafood or vegetarian food. They might even go to a high-class restaurant that serves expensive cuisine in a formal setting.

English has become the world's international language, so if you're travelling, studying or working overseas it's the language you'll probably use when eating out. You might use it to make a booking and reserve a table, and when you arrive you might be greeted in English by the head waiter or maitre d' before being led to your table. Then your waiter or waitress will probably bring menus in English and tell you about the day's specials and answer any questions, also most-likely in English.

Menus and courses

A menu is a list of the food and drinks that guests can order. Menus are sometimes written on large boards for everyone to see, and sometimes they're printed on paper and handed to each guest. A simple menu like a breakfast menu or a children's menu might list just a few dishes and drinks, but lunch and dinner menus usually list many dishes. They can be à la carte dishes ordered individually, or dishes grouped together in a set menu. In European or Western-style menus, dishes are listed in a series of courses. The first course is called starters, appetizers or hors d'oeuvres, and can be a bowl of soup, a small serving of pasta, a salad or one of many savoury starters. Next is the main course or entrée, and this is usually fish, meat or poultry served with vegetables or salad or other side dishes. In many restaurants vegetarian entrées are also available these days.

After the main course, your waiter or waitress might bring a dessert menu if you haven't already ordered desserts from the main menu. Desserts are nearly always sweet, and can be frozen like ice cream or gelato, served at room temperature like fruit salad or cakes, or served hot like pancakes, puddings and fruit pies. Dessert is sometimes followed by a cheese platter with a selection of different cheeses as well as crackers, dried fruits, nuts, etc. Guests are usually offered tea and coffee, and sometimes chocolates are also served after a meal.
Many people like to drink wine when they eat out, and higher-class restaurants often employ a wine steward or sommelier who helps guests pair wines from the wine list with the food they order. Traditionally, red wines are paired with darker meats like steak, roast beef and duck, while white wines and light reds are paired with lighter meats like chicken, fish and seafood. Many wine lists don't show the prices, so make sure you ask how much a glass or bottle costs before ordering. Famous wines can cost thousands of dollars per bottle, and you don't want to get a nasty shock when you see the bill.
Bills and tipping

When you've finished your meal and you're ready to leave, ask your waiter for the bill. In many countries a service charge of 10% to 20% of the total amount is added to the bill. This is meant to be shared among the service staff, but in North America and some Eastern European countries a service charge isn't added. In these places you should give a tip¹ of 15% to 20% directly to the waiter instead. Waiters and other staff like bartenders are usually paid very low wages, so when eating out try to tip² generously, especially in countries like the USA where a service charge isn't added to the bill.

à la carte (adjective): ordered as a separate dish; not part of a set menu - Do you have à la carte dishes as well as set menus?

appetizer (noun): a dish that's eaten before the main course - For an appetizer I'll have spring rolls, please.

bill (also US "check") (noun): the written amount you must pay for a meal and drinks - Can we have the bill, please?

café (also "coffee shop") (noun): an informal restaurant serving simple meals plus hot and cold drinks - Is there an all-night café around here?

cafeteria (also "canteen") (noun): a place that sells low-cost meals in a school or work-place, usually from a self-service counter - What's the food in the school cafeteria like?

cheese platter (noun): a selection of cheeses and crackers served on a large plate - After dessert, we had a cheese platter and some more wine.

course (noun): one part of a meal - French meals usually include three or four courses.

cuisine (noun): a country or region's style of cooking - There's more to Indian cuisine than curries, you know.

dessert (noun): sweet food eaten at the end of a meal - You love desserts, don't you?

eat out (phrasal verb): to go out to a restaurant, esp. at night - We usually eat out three or four nights a week.

entrée (noun): 1. the main course of a meal 2. a course before the main course (Br English) - What are you having for your entrée?

fast food (noun): quickly prepared food like hamburgers and French fries - I'll get some fast food on the way home.

high-class (adjective): of high quality or high social status - We can't afford to go to those high-class restaurants.

hors d'oeuvre (noun): a savoury food served as an appetizer before the main course - Let's order some hors d'oeuvres first.

maitre d' (also "head waiter") (noun): the person who supervises a restaurant's waiting staff - Good maitre d's earn a lot of money these days.

make a booking (also "book a table") (phrase): to contact a restaurant and reserve a table for a meal - It's a popular restaurant so we'd better make a booking.

menu (noun): the list of foods and drinks served in a restaurant, café, hotel, etc. - Let's check the menu before deciding whether to eat here.

pasta (noun): Italian food made from flour and water, such as spaghetti, ravioli, lasagne, etc. - You can order any of our pasta dishes as an appetizer if you want.

pudding (noun): a soft sweet food eaten as a dessert - My grandma used to make the best chocolate pudding ever!

restaurant (noun): a place with a kitchen and dining area where people pay to eat meals - There are lots of Thai and Japanese restaurants around here.

savoury (adjective): (of food) salty or spicy rather than sweet - Most appetizers are savoury dishes.

service charge (also "service") (noun): an extra amount added to a restaurant bill that's meant to be given to staff for their service - They've already added a 20% service charge.

set menu (noun): a multi-course meal sold for a fixed price - Are the set menus good value?

side dish (also "side order") (noun): an extra dish or serving that's ordered together with a main dish - I'll have the steak with a side dish of potato salad, please.

sommelier (also "wine steward") (noun): a wine expert who advises guests on ordering or pairing wines - Our sommelier also developed our wine list and orders the wines.

special (noun): a dish that's available sometimes, but isn't on the regular menu - Today's specials are grilled Hawaiian salmon and Australian tiger prawns.

tip¹ (noun): extra money given by a guest to a waiter or other staff - If the service is great, leave a big tip.

tip² (verb): to give extra money to a waiter or other staff member for their service - Waiters don't earn much, so I always tip them.

vegetarian (adjective): of dishes or diets that don't include animal products, esp. meat - My doctor says I should switch to a vegetarian diet.

waiter (male) or waitress (female) (noun): a person who takes orders from guests and brings their food - Have you ever been a waiter?

wine list (noun): a printed list of all the wines available in a restaurant - Would you like to see the wine list, madam?

Contributor: Matt Errey creator of Word Up

Restaurant Vocabulary Quiz

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with word definitions, example sentences and quiz Most people eat out quite often, even if they like cooking and eating at home. They might eat breakfast or lunch in a cafeteria or canteen where they work or study, or go to a café or restaurant nearby.

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Our online dictionary is the best source for definitions and origins of words, meanings of concepts, example sentences, synonyms and antonyms, grammar tips, and more.

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Stoic quotes, powerful poetry & original motivational videos.

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Learn Business English Vocabulary |  Fluent English For Work with TV Series

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Question: Whose stories inspired the film Cabaret (1972)?

Answer: Novelist and playwright Christopher Isherwood lived in Berlin between 1929 and 1933, gaining an outsider's view of the simultaneous decay of the Weimar Republic and the rise of Nazism. His novels Mr. Norris Changes Trains (1935; also published as The Last of Mr. Norris) and Goodbye to Berlin (1939), which were later published together as The Berlin Stories, established his reputation as an important writer and inspired the play I Am a Camera (1951; film 1955) and the musical Cabaret (1966; film 1972).

Question: What is the name of the 1922 film adaptation of Bram Stoker's Dracula, made by F.W. Murnau?

Answer: Complete prints survive of F.W. Murnau's first major work, Nosferatu (1922), which is regarded by many as the most effective screen adaptation of Bram Stoker's novel Dracula.

Question: Which screen actor once muttered the words "Some weasel took the cork out of my lunch!"?

Answer: W.C. Fields became renowned for many comic devices in film, such as his fondness for flowery verbiage ("What a euphonious appellation!"), silly names (Augustus Q. Winterbottom or Larson E. Whipsnade), convoluted logic ("Never mind what I tell you to do, you do what I tell you!" or "She can't tell me I don't love her! I'll break every bone in her body!"), and muttered asides ("Some weasel took the cork out of my lunch!" or "She's all dressed up like a well-kept grave").

Question: Which actor, born Archibald Leach, did some of his best work with director Alfred Hitchcock?

Answer: Cary Grant, born Archibald Alexander Leach, was a British-born American film actor whose good looks, debonair style, and flair for romantic comedy made him one of Hollywood's most popular and enduring stars. Grant's association with Alfred Hitchcock resulted in some of the best work from both men. They worked together in Suspicion (1941), Notorious (1946), To Catch a Thief (1955), and North by Northwest (1959).

Question: Which of the following dancers is regarded as a pioneer in the serious presentation of dance on film?

Answer: Working in collaboration with choreographer Hermes Pan for his films with Ginger Rogers, Fred Astaire eschewed the popular Busby Berkeley approach to filmed musicals and its emphasis on special effects, surreal settings, and chorus girls in ever-changing kaleidoscope patterns. Instead, Astaire revolutionized the movie musical by simplifying it: solo dancers or couples were shot in full-figure, and dances were filmed with a minimum of edits and camera angles. He is regarded as a pioneer in the serious presentation of dance on film.

Question: Who created the Keystone Kops and is considered to be the father of American slapstick comedy in motion pictures?

Answer: Mack Sennett, whose original name was Michael Sinnott, was the creator of the Keystone Kops and the father of American slapstick comedy in motion pictures. A master of comic timing and effective editing, Sennett was a dominant figure in the silent era of Hollywood film production and was the first director of comedies to develop a distinctive style.

Question: Which movie is based on George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion?

Answer: Alan Jay Lerner, an American librettist and lyricist, collaborated with composer Frederick Loewe on the hit Broadway musical My Fair Lady. It was their fifth musical and was based on George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion, and it was an unprecedented triumph in American musical theatre. The film version (1964) won eight Academy Awards.

Question: Which was Elizabeth Taylor's debut film?

Answer: Elizabeth Taylor made her first film, There's One Born Every Minute, in 1942. This was closely followed by Lassie Come Home (1943) and the role as the girl heroine in National Velvet (1944) that made her a star.

Question: What high-school dropout became a noted author, director, and photographer?

Answer: A high-school dropout, Gordon Parks worked odd jobs before becoming a photographer. As a staff photographer for Life magazine (1948-72), he became known for his portrayals of black nationalists and the civil rights movement. His first work of fiction was The Learning Tree (1963), a coming-of-age novel about a black adolescent in Kansas in the 1920s. He wrote the screenplay, produced, directed, and composed the musical score for the film adaptation of the book in 1969. Parks was noted for his autobiographies, A Choice of Weapons (1966), To Smile in Autumn (1979), and Voices in the Mirror (1990). He also directed several motion pictures, including Shaft (1971), Shaft's Big Score (1972), The Super Cops (1974), and Leadbelly (1976).

Question: Which English critic and motion picture director coined the term Free Cinema?

Answer: A founding editor of the film magazine Sequence, Lindsay Anderson began directing in 1948, making documentaries for an industrial firm. In 1955 he won an Academy Award for his short documentary Thursday's Children. In 1956 he coined the term Free Cinema to denote that movement in the British cinema that was inspired by John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger (1956).

Question: Who is Allen Stewart Konigsberg better known as?

Answer: Woody Allen's original name was Allen Stewart Konigsberg. His legal name is Heywood Allen. He is known for directing comic films containing elements of parody, slapstick, and the absurd.

Question: What film director founded the Théâtre-Libre in Paris?

Answer: André Antoine-actor, theatrical manager, critic, and film director and pioneer of naturalistic drama-founded the Théâtre-Libre in Paris. His contribution to the development of realism in modern films was only beginning to gain appreciation in the second half of the 20th century.

Question: Which film director-actor is regarded as the pioneer of American cinema verité?

Answer: The American film director and actor John Cassavetes is regarded as the pioneer of American cinema verité. Although Shadows (1959), his directorial debut, was a low-budget, semi-improvised motion picture shot on 16-mm film stock, it captured the Critics Award at the 1960 Venice film festival.

Question: Who first added animation to films?

Answer: The British-born American film director and producer J. Stuart Blackton introduced animation and other important film techniques in the 1890s that helped shape and stimulate the development of cinematic art.

Question: Which American film actor was known as the "Man of a Thousand Faces"?

Answer: Lon Chaney was the American film actor known as the "Man of a Thousand Faces." He became renowned for his skill with makeup, a talent he developed because he thought his own features were too ordinary for a star performer. The characters he portrayed were diverse and often macabre, but they were unfailingly moving and poignant because of Chaney's ability to convey a basic decency beneath a grotesque exterior.

Question: What director is best known for her documentary films of the 1930s about the Nazi movement?

Answer: The German motion-picture actress, producer, photographer, and director Leni Riefenstahl is best known for her documentary films of the 1930s about the Nazi movement. With the support of the Nazi Party, she directed Triumph des Willens (1935; Triumph of the Will), a documentary about the 1934 Nazi Party convention at Nurnberg that emphasized the unity of the party, introduced the leaders to the German people, and exhibited Nazi power to the world; and Olympische Spiele (1938; Olympia), a two-part film on the Olympic Games of 1936.

Question: Who won an Academy Award in 1957 and played the role of Prince Feisal in Lawrence of Arabia (1962)?

Answer: British actor Alec Guinness became famous for the variety and excellence of his stage and screen characterizations. Among Guinness's notable films were The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), for which he won a best actor Academy Award, and Lawrence of Arabia (1962), in which he played Prince Feisal.

Question: Who was the founder of the British documentary film movement?

Answer: A leader of the British documentary film movement for almost 40 years, John Grierson was one of the first to see the potential of motion pictures to shape people's attitudes toward life and to urge the use of films for educational purposes.

Question: Who made the films Swept Away and Seven Beauties?

Answer: Lina Wertmüller's two finest films were Travolti da un insolito destino nell'azzurro mare d'agosto (1974; Swept Away), a comedy in which a poor sailor establishes his dominance over a haughty rich woman while they are marooned on a deserted island; and Pasqualino settebellezze (1975; Seven Beauties), a film about an Italian dandy who must betray all moral values while trying to survive World War II and his internment in a Nazi death camp.

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Question: Whose stories inspired the film Cabaret (1972)? Answer: Novelist and playwright Christopher Isherwood lived in Berlin between 1929 and 1933, gaining an outsider's view of the simultaneous decay of the Weimar Republic and the rise of Nazism.

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When it comes to deciding on what to eat first thing in the morning, people tend to be pretty set in their ways. However, as we enter what seems like the 498 th week of isolation, we're pretty sure we're all striving towards creativity even in the most mundane aspects of every-day life. In fact, we're pretty sure even those who wouldn't have considered themselves avid foodies before confinement have now gathered a fair amount of experience in the kitchen!

Jazzing up your breakfasts isn't only a fun activity to keep you entertained, it's also a great way to make every day as special as possible - particularly the weekends! From sweet to savoury and even spicy flavours, you'd be surprised at how differently countries choose to break their fast. So, hoping this will serve as inspiration, here is what breakfast looks like in 7 different countries:

Costa Rica

Costa Ricans traditionally begin their day with a delicious combination of sweet and savoury: black beans and rice with scrambled eggs and fried plantain. The sweet flavours come from their custard-like ' natillas ' and the juice the breakfast is washed down with. Nutritious and yum!

England

Although very popular all over the UK and Ireland, it's common to refer to this meal in particular as a 'traditional English breakfast' or even 'a fry'. The latter seems like a very appropriate name indeed since it consists of fried eggs, bacon, sausages, grilled tomato and mushrooms, with a side of toast and a nice cup of tea. This may sound pretty heavy but take it from us - it is THE ultimate hangover cure.

France

If we could only live inside an actual French pâtisserie! A typical breakfast in France can be quite a mouth-watering display of delicate pastries such as freshly-made baguette, croissants, chocolate bread and an assortment of butter and jams. Fruit is also usually included, and we dare say café au lait (coffee with milk) is a must!

Japan

For Western cultures, a traditional Japanese breakfast may seem more suited to a different time of the day, like lunch or dinner. The Japanese commonly break their fast with cooked rice topped or mixed with raw egg and soy sauce (' tamago kake gohan'), miso soup, pickled veggies (' tsukemono'), square omelettes made of several rolls of cooked eggs (' tamagoyaki'), and infused Japanese green tea (' sencha'). Not too rich or heavy, this is undoubtedly a healthy and well-balanced meal to begin the day with.

Canada

We'd be pretty disappointed if Canadians didn't include their famous (and yummy!) maple syrup in their breakfasts, wouldn't you? It's poured over fluffy pancakes and crispy bacon for what sounds and looks like an extremely comforting and indulging brekkie.

Germany

It seems like a German breakfast is more like an individual buffet where you can mix and match several savoury flavours: bread rolls, pretzels, a selection of cured meats and cheeses, and perhaps an egg or two. In addition, it's also common to include raw vegetables or a selection of jams and honey to accompany the bread.

Spain

Althoughfound in fairgrounds and theme parks all over the world, the original Spanish churros - essentially deep-fried choux dough - are not coated in cinnamon sugar like they often are elsewhere, but just lightly dusted with sugar, if at all. They're to be eaten by dipping them in a thick chocolate drink and make for a great early-morning breakfast after a night out.

OK, enough. Picturing all of this yumminess without raiding the fridge on a five-minute basis is quite a challenge, so don't feel bad if you're already halfway to your kitchen - we are right there with you!

Although these extremely appetising breakfast options may not be entirely representative of every household and individual, they definitely provide very tasty ideas on how you can travel the world through your taste buds every morning! Also, after such an extensive mental trip around the globe, why not start planning for when you can travel and taste the original recipes?
Experience the world with ESL

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When it comes to deciding on what to eat first thing in the morning, people tend to be pretty set in their ways. However, as we enter what seems like the 498 th week of isolation, we're pretty sure we're all striving towards creativity even in the most mundane aspects of every-day life.

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ESL Fast - A huge free online English learning resource

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A huge free online English learning resource, thousands of conversations, short stories, and essays with audio and exercises for listening, speaking, reading, and writing, for in-class and after-class use.

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Kara Miller talks to today's most creative thinkers - and explores the future of education, medicine, the economy, and more.

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Across the world, children are at riskfrom violence, abuse, exploitation, and neglect. Conflict and natural disasters have forced millions to flee their homes and confront the dangers of migration and displacement. Commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking, child labor, and child marriage are problems in many countries. At-risk children and adolescents need their rights enforcedif we are to protect them from harm and to ensure that they develop to their full potential.

Led by Jacqueline Bhabha, Research Director of the Harvard FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, this course will teach you the causes and consequences of child protection failures. You will consider the strategies, international laws, standards, and resources required to protect all children. You will be able to link legal frameworks and child-rights approaches to the work of policymakers, lawyers, health workers, educators, law enforcement, and social workers. Learners will come to understand how they can ensure the protection of children and apply child protection strategies to their own work.

Join Harvard faculty, practitioners, and a global community of learners to master a child-centered systems approach to preventing and responding to violence, exploitation, and abuse against children.

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The origins of child protection in international human rights law

How to analyze global child protection issues and the diversity of actors involved in child protection

The impact of violence, exploitation, and abuse (VEA) on children's emotional, social and physical development and strategies for preventing and responding to these harms

The standards of protection for children in conflict or in contact with the law

How to assess and strengthen a child protection system

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Every Child's Right to Protection

The Legal Foundation of Child Protection

Defining and Measuring Child Protection

Violence Against Children

Causes and Consequences of Violence

Strategies for Preventing and Addressing Violence

Examples of Preventing and Addressing Violence

Children and the Law

Children in Conflict with the Law

Children in Contact with the Law

Migrant Children and the Law

A System's Approach to Child Protection

Components of a Child Protection System

Identifying Problems in Child Protection System

Global and Local Action to Strengthen Child Protection Systems

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Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

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Child Protection: Children's Rights in Theory and Practice

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Across the world, children are at riskfrom violence, abuse, exploitation, and neglect. Conflict and natural disasters have forced millions to flee their homes and confront the dangers of migration and displacement. Commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking, child labor, and child marriage are problems in many countries.

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EFL / ESL Games, Activities, Projects and Conversation - eslactive

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Welcome to eslactive.com! Find all the best EFL / ESL games, activities, projects, conversation ideas, and interactive resources right here.

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Describing people online worksheet for A2. You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf.

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Printable lesson (PDF)
Download Movies and TV - vocabulary and speaking mini-unit Download Films / movies card game mini-unit

Lead-in speaking: movies and ways of watching

Picture-text matching: genres

Language reference boxes:likes and dislikes / describing movies

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Guessing game: movies

Individual speaking using prompts and language reference box

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Movies and TV - Complete ESL lesson - download pdf | ELTbase.com

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Download Movies and TV - vocabulary and speaking mini-unit Download Films / movies card game mini-unit Lead-in speaking: movies and ways of watching Picture-text matching: genres Language reference boxes:likes and dislikes / describing movies Matching exercise: questions. Guessing game: movies Individual speaking using prompts and language reference box

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Winnie The Pooh   Shapes And Sizes  Free download link  1

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Making learning fun and simple! With billions of views, Super Simple Songs is a trusted resource for parents and teachers around the world. Our library of nursery rhymes, original songs, and animated videos are perfect for children between the ages of 1 and 8. Each video is carefully crafted to engage young viewers and make learning new concepts such as colors, counting, animals and more both fun and simple!
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ESL Brains ‐ Unique video‐based teaching materials for adults

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See our ESL lesson plans and worksheets for teaching adults which touch contemporary topics. All materials are based on TED Talks or other video materials.

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Your Personal English Teacher - Live Lessons 24/7

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Level up your English in 3 Months with EnglishCentral Difference - Professional Tutors and AI-Powered Chatbot.

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ELLLO - English Listening Lesson Library Online

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ELLLO stands for English Listening Lesson Library Online and features natural English lessons that come with quizzes, vocabulary training, and free printable worksheets. ESL students and teachers can access over 2,000 free lessons that feature World English with speakers from over 100 countries.

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"learn english" "learn english through story" "audio book" "english story" "learning english" "study english" "english conversation" "english vocabulary" "le...

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Reading in English is one of the most effective ways to improve language skills. These stories help to extend vocabulary in "the most natural way." Research has shown that students who read in English improve in every area of language learning at a faster rate than students who don't read.

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Email scams and storytelling

In the ESL writing class, I try to make lessons that help students develop practical skills.
Read moreReal life editing exercise

ESL teachers sometimes need donuts. They also need writing lessons that students can finish in 20-30 minutes. Here are two activities.
Read moreTwo Short Writing Activities

Here is a high beginner+ ESL classroom activity that blends reading, writing, listening and speaking skills.
Read moreESL Activity: Conversations and Note-Taking about Inventions

This 45-minute (or less) drill helps students learn to write 4 kinds of sentences.
Read moreESL Writing Drill: 4 Key Sentences

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In the ESL writing class, I try to make lessons that help students develop practical skills. Read moreReal life editing exercise ESL teachers sometimes need donuts. They also need writing lessons that students can finish in 20-30 minutes. Here are two activities.

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UsingEnglish.com: English Language (ESL) Learning Online

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Master the English language with UsingEnglish.com! Discover ESL resources, improve your vocabulary, and join a thriving community of learners and teachers.

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Learn English through conversation, TV shows, movies, and more. Don't forget to download our app. If you like our English lessons, consider supporting us on ...

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Improve your English easily with our unique self-study course.

Why Anglo-Link?

Our goal is to offer you one of the best self-study English courses available online.

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Improve your English easily with our unique self-study course. Why Anglo-Link? Our goal is to offer you one of the best self-study English courses available online. Personalised Create your own study plan based on your current level of English, your target, and how you like to study.

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Learn English Speaking and Improve your Spoken English with Free English Speaking Lessons Online!

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Learn English Speaking Online to improve your Spoken English. Speak English fluently with Free Spoken English lessons using over 10,000 free audio files!

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Business English Pod :: Learn Business English Online

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https://traffic.libsyn.com/bizpod/BEP343-2nd-Interviews2.mp3

Welcome back to Business English Pod for today's lesson on second round interviews in English.

You may know all about the basic English job interview questions. And you might be comfortable talking about your basic qualifications and experience. But most companies don't stop the selection process after one round of interviews. They create a shortlist and invite a few outstanding candidates back for a second interview.

In many cases, that second interview is what we call a behavioral interview. Interviewers will ask questions about how you acted or reacted to challenges in past work, and how you dealt with or adapted to different situations. In this way, they can find out whether you have the right attitude, approach, and abilities for the job.

The behavioral interview is a special opportunity to demonstrate soft skills, such as leadership, or how you take a principled approach to problems. You might also want to show that you can remain calm in conflict. In many cases, the STAR approach can help shape your responses. This is when you describe four things: the situation, the task, the action, and the result. And in this kind of English interview, you have to be careful, because some interviewers will try to give you leading questions to get you to reveal mistakes or problems.

In today's dialog, we'll hear Kat, who is applying for a job with a private healthcare company. She is being interviewed by Denise. Denise is asking Kat some tough behavioral questions, and Kat is doing a good job of demonstrating some important soft skills.
Listening Questions
1. What example does Kat give of how she showed leadership and went above and beyond?
2. What situation does Kat describe in response to a question about an unpopular decision?
3. What attitude or attribute does Kat demonstrate when describing a situation of conflict?

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job interview questions and answers in english

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where do you see yourself in 5 years time?

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english job interview questions and answers

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https://traffic.libsyn.com/bizpod/BEP343-2nd-Interviews2.mp3 Welcome back to Business English Pod for today's lesson on second round interviews in English. You may know all about the basic English job interview questions. And you might be comfortable talking about your basic qualifications and experience. But most companies don't stop the selection process after one round of interviews.

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We know that you can't judge a book by its (admittedly very attractive) cover and that you often can't get the feel of the course until you've flexed its practical muscles in the classroom.

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business english vocabulary and grammar exercises for esl students

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Business English Vocabulary and Grammar Exercises for ESL Students

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Business English Vocabulary and Grammar Exercises for ESL Students

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You will hear an interview between someone who works for a bank and a customer who would like a loan.

Decide if each of these statements is TRUE or FALSE.

If the audio player above doesn't work, click here to download the audio file.

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Business English Listening | Seeking Capital | esl-lounge Student

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Seeking Capital. You will hear an interview between someone who works for a bank and a customer who would like a loan.

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Resources

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We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Find out more

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To plan a (real or imaginary) business trip by e-mail and perform a roleplay based on the situation

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Free Business English lessons with texts, articles and exercises to practice English for work. The best way to master a new language is to practice it regularly, and the following Business English sections will help anyone interested in becoming fluent do so, all while mastering terms and phrases commonly used in business today. These texts were made specifically for students learning Business English, and besides being interesting and informative, they include exercises and questions that assure that readers learn as much as possible.

Business vocabulary and commonly used phrases are also detailed in the texts, and all this information - including the texts themselves, the vocabulary, and the questions - can be downloaded for free in PDF form, to be studied at a later time. These Business English sections are sure to help readers enhance their understanding of the English language and be prepared for work and interaction in finance, economics, HR, marketing, and more.

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Business English: Texts to practice Reading Comprehension

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Free Business English lessons with texts, articles and exercises to practice English for work. The best way to master a new language is to practice it regularly, and the following Business English sections will help anyone interested in becoming fluent do so, all while mastering terms and phrases commonly used in business today.

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Investopedia is the world's leading source of financial content on the web, ranging from market news to retirement strategies, investing education to insights from advisors.

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Tenses - Printable PDF Worksheets for English Language Learners - Intermediate Level (B1)

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Business English - Learn with Business English Pod

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Business English - Learn with Business English Pod

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#BusinessEnglish #BusinessEnglishVocabulary #BusinessEnglishConversation #BusinessEnglishCourse
Learn Business English with Business English Pod. Download more free business English lessons, courses, podcasts and PDF transcripts for learning business English vocabulary and business English conversation at: Business English Pod lessons cover a wide range of business English topics and skills, including: English meetings, presentations in English, talking on the telephoning, job interviews in English, negotiating, business English conversation, and more. Our goal is to teach natural and effective language. We want our learners to be able to face different business and work situations with confidence in their English abilities. Head over to our website to learn more: https://www.businessenglishpod.com/

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When King Edward VIII abdicated the British throne in December 1936 to marry Wallis Simpson, the pair, now styled the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, began a decades-long semi-exile in continental Europe. Their lavish lifestyle, which included friendships with louche characters of dubious distinction, led to criticism by the press and public. But documents, including some only recently declassified, may help bolster an even darker claim - that the couple harbored pro-Nazi sympathies and were involved in a failed plot to overthrow the British crown during World War II.

Edward expressed his early support for Hitler

Up until it was changed to "Windsor" during World War I, the British royal family's name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha made clear their strong German origins. The future King Edward VIII, known as David to his friends and family, was particularly close to his German cousins, and strongly embraced German culture. The horrors of World War I left a deep impression on him, and his wartime service, including visits to the front where he witnessed the carnage firsthand, helped form his determination to avoid another global conflict at all costs.

When Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party began its rise to power in the late 1920s and early 1930s, many in Europe, Edward included, applauded the economic recovery of war-torn Germany. In Britain, support for more far-right political parties increased, leading to the creation of the British Union of Fascists in 1932, led by former MP Sir Oswald Mosely. Groups like the BUF and others embraced these authoritarian positions as a bulwark against what they perceived to be a growing Communist threat.

A strong streak of anti-Semitism ran through these political groups, as well as the British government and royal family. Many were more than willing to overlook the sharp rise of anti-Jewish attacks and legislation in Germany, with Edward purportedly telling a German relative in 1933 that it was "no business of ours to interfere in Germany's internal affairs either re Jews or re anything else." He went on to add, "Dictators are very popular these days. We might want one in England before long."

British intelligence had Edward and Wallis under surveillance

While Edward's strongly pro-German sentiments were shared by others, his outspokenness as heir to the throne made his words potentially dangerous. His support for Mosely and other fascist organizers (many of whom would be imprisoned after Britain went to war with Germany) increases suspicions on his political beliefs.

Another liability was his playboy reputation and his burgeoning affair with a twice-divorced American, Simpson. Although the British public remained in the dark about the affair, it was common knowledge in royal, government and intelligence circles. Rumors about Simpson's romantic past swirled, with some claiming she had a begun a long-term affair with Nazi official Joseph von Ribbentrop while he served as Germany's ambassador to Britain in the mid-1930s. Even more salacious were allegations that Simpson had passed along confidential British government secrets gleaned from private dispatches.

The situation came to a head when Edward became king following his father's death in January 1936. Fearful that the new king (and his relationship) might be a danger to national security, Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin stepped in, ordering Mi5, Britain's domestic intelligence agency, to begin surveillance of the couple. Their phones were tapped, and members of their Scotland Yard security team were tapped to provide information about the king they were also charged with protecting.

The British weren't the only ones worried. After war broke out, the FBI began its own massive file on the couple, closely monitoring their visits to the United States. Among its hundreds of pages were several memos sent to President Franklin Roosevelt, warning of the Duke and Duchess of Windsor's pro-German allegiances.

Photo: Getty Images

The couple visited Nazi Germany as Hitler's guests

In October 1937, four months after their marriage - and despite the strenuous objections of the British government - the Duke and Duchess traveled to Germany. While the Duke claimed he was making the trip to inspect housing and working conditions (a long-time passion of his), he likely hoped the trip would burnish his reputation both at home and abroad and possibly improve Anglo-German relations.

His private secretary later wrote that the Duke also planned to use the trip to showcase his new wife, who had not been granted the title of "Her Royal Highness" upon the couple's wedding, and who had been shunned in royal circles. And the couple were indeed treated like stars during the two-week trip, which took on the trappings of a mock-state visit. They were met by massive, cheering crowds, many of whom greeted the former king with a Nazi salute, which Edward frequently returned. The Duchess, meanwhile, was met with the royal curtsies and bows she had been denied elsewhere.

They were feted at receptions, dined with several high-ranking Nazi officials, including Hermann Göring and Joseph Goebbels, and even visited a training school for future members of the deadly SS guard. On October 22, the couple traveled to Hitler's country home in the Bavarian Alps, known as the Berghof. Hitler and the Duke spoke privately for over an hour, while the Duchess met with Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess. Some accounts of the Duke's conversation claim he criticized Hitler's policies, while others maintain he may have given his tacit support. The typed transcript of their meeting was subsequently lost, possibly destroyed by the Nazi government. The couple departed following afternoon tea with Hitler, and it was clear to most observers that the pair were awestruck by their host and had succumbed to the flattery and lavish treatment doled out by the Nazis.

The reaction in Great Britain however, was quite different. As feared, the trip heightened fears about the couple's loyalties, with many horrified by the Duke's lack of judgment and common sense. A planned trip to the United States was soon scuttled when prominent members of American Jewish organizations protested the couple's seeming willingness to ignore Germany's persecution of Jews.

Germany hatched a bizarre plot to reinstate Edward to the throne

In the waning days of World War II, a large cache of files from the German Foreign Ministry were discovered at Marburg Castle. Among the 400 tons of paperwork were a smaller collection of some 60 or so documents and telegrams, which became known as the "Windsor File," detailing German communication with the Duke and Duchess of Windsor before and during World War II.

The file included details of a secret plan, codenamed "Operation Willi." In the summer of 1940, the Duke and Duchess fled Nazi-occupied Paris and traveled to neutral Spain and Portugal. German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop ordered local Nazi officials to meet with the couple, who, the Windsor File documents claimed, voiced their displeasure with both the British royal family and Winston Churchill 's government.

That July, in an effort to get him out of Europe and away from German influence, Churchill ordered the Duke to take up a new position as the Governor of the Bahamas. Edward was reluctant to go, and von Ribbentrop played on those fears, allegedly feeding false information to the couple that they were in danger of attack or even assassination by British secret operatives. Nazi officials also tried to get the couple to return to Spain, by force if necessary, and lend their support to the German war effort, which, if victorious would see the overthrow of King George VI - with Edward in his place as a puppet king and with Simpson as his queen.

According to the Windsor files, the couple did not dismiss the plan, nor did they inform British authorities of these conversations. They delayed their departure by nearly a month, but despite last-minute efforts by the Nazis, including calling in a false bomb threat on the ship the couple were booked on, the Duke and Duchess finally left Portugal in August and spent the rest of the war in the Bahamas, where he continued to publicly cast doubt about Britain's ability to win the war.

Churchill tried to suppress the Windsor File

Initially, British, French and American officials agreed to declassify and release the Marburg papers and hired a team of esteemed historians to sort through the massive trove, a years-long process. But, as British government documents released in 2017 show, Churchill tried to block the Windsor files, including details of Operation Willi, from being published. He went so far as to contact President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who had worked alongside Churchill during World War II. Churchill claimed the documents were biased and unreliable, and likely to cast the former king in the worst possible light. He asked Eisenhower to prevent the public from seeing them for, "at least 10 or 20 years."

Many in the US intelligence community agreed with Churchill's assessment, and Eisenhower wrote to Churchill in July 1953 that the documents were "obviously concocted with some idea of promoting German propaganda and weakening western resistance." Eisenhower permitted the documents from being released in the initial publication, but they were finally leaked in 1957. The Duke of Windsor strenuously denied any involvement in anti-British plots and called the files a "complete fabrication," while the British Foreign Office stated that the Duke, "never wavered in his loyalty to the British cause."

In his memoirs, the Duke of Windsor would dismiss Hitler as a "somewhat ridiculous figure, with his theatrical posturings and his bombastic pretensions." But in private, he claimed that Hitler was "not such a bad chap," and frequently blamed any number of groups, including the British government, America and even Jews themselves for causing World War II. While most modern historians are in agreement about the Duke's pro-German beliefs, there is continued debate over whether those sympathies crossed the line into treason, or if the famously weak-willed and easily swayed former king played right into the Nazi's hands, making him the most high profile of propaganda tools.

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Were Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson Nazi Sympathizers?

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When King Edward VIII abdicated the British throne in December 1936 to marry Wallis Simpson, the pair, now styled the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, began a decades-long semi-exile in continental Europe. Their lavish lifestyle, which included friendships with louche characters of dubious distinction, led to criticism by the press and public.

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biography biographies biographics bio bios

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Biographics will provide video biographies about fascinating people four times per week. Co-owned by Simon Whistler & Shell Harris (co-founded with TopTenzNe...

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English for Information Technology, an online course

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An online resource for students and teachers of English for IT. This course is suitable for Computer English, Technical English, and IT English. Material includes: dictionary, readings, listening activities, and grammar.

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Business English Pod :: Learn Business English Online

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Business English | English for Business | Business English Pod

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Learn business English online with business English lessons from Business English Pod. If you need English for business and work, Business English Pod can help you succeed.

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Business English - Learn with Business English Pod

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Business English - Learn with Business English Pod

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#BusinessEnglish #BusinessEnglishVocabulary #BusinessEnglishConversation #BusinessEnglishCourse
Learn Business English with Business English Pod. Download more free business English lessons, courses, podcasts and PDF transcripts for learning business English vocabulary and business English conversation at: Business English Pod lessons cover a wide range of business English topics and skills, including: English meetings, presentations in English, talking on the telephoning, job interviews in English, negotiating, business English conversation, and more. Our goal is to teach natural and effective language. We want our learners to be able to face different business and work situations with confidence in their English abilities. Head over to our website to learn more: https://www.businessenglishpod.com/

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This collection contains cultural heritage materials gathered during the World Digital Library (WDL) project, including thousands of items contributed by partner organizations worldwide as well as content from Library of Congress collections. The original World Digital Library site (preserved in LC's Web Archives here) and all descriptive metadata were translated from English and made available in six additional languages: Spanish, Portuguese, French, Arabic, Russian, and Chinese. All item records include narrative descriptions submitted by the contributing partners and enhanced by WDL researchers to contextualize the item and its cultural and historical importance. Books, manuscripts, maps, and other primary materials in the WDL collection are presented in their original languages; more than 100 languages are represented, including many lesser known and endangered languages. Additionally, all World Digital Library metadata in each of the seven languages is available as a downloadable dataset.

Launched in 2009, the World Digital Library was a project of the U.S. Library of Congress, with the support of UNESCO, and contributions from libraries, archives, museums, educational institutions, and international organizations around the world. The WDL sought to preserve and share some of the world's most important cultural objects, increasing access to cultural treasures and significant historical documents to enable discovery, scholarship, and use.

WDL partner institutions selected content in accordance with guidelines set by the WDL Content Selection Committee. They chose content for its cultural and historical importance, with due regard to recognition of the achievements of all countries and cultures over a wide range of time periods. The materials collected by the WDL include cultural treasures and significant historical documents including books, manuscripts, maps, newspapers, journals, prints, photographs, sound recordings, and films.

Librarian of Congress James H. Billington proposed the establishment of the WDL in a speech to the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO in June 2005. The basic idea was to create an Internet-based, easily-accessible collection of the world's cultural riches that would tell the stories and highlight the achievements of all countries and cultures, thereby promoting cross-cultural awareness and understanding. UNESCO welcomed the idea as a contribution toward fulfilling its strategic objectives, which include promoting knowledge societies, building capacity in developing countries, and promoting cultural diversity on the web. UNESCO Director-General Koichiro Matsuura designated UNESCO's Directorate for Communication and Information, then led by Dr. Abdul Waheed Khan, to work with the Library of Congress to develop the project.

In December 2006, UNESCO and the Library of Congress convened an Experts Meeting at UNESCO headquarters in Paris to discuss the project. Experts from all parts of the world identified a number of challenges that the project would need to overcome to be successful. They noted that little cultural content was being digitized in many countries, and that developing countries in particular lacked the capacity to digitize and display their cultural treasures. Existing websites often had poorly developed search and display functions. Multilingual access was not well developed.

The Experts Meeting led to the establishment of working groups to develop guidelines for the project, and to a decision by the Library of Congress, UNESCO, and five partner institutions - the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, the National Library of Brazil, the National Library and Archives of Egypt, the National Library of Russia, and the Russian State Library - to contribute content to a WDL prototype to be presented at the UNESCO General Conference in 2007. Input into the design of the prototype was solicited through a consultative process that involved UNESCO, the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), and individuals and institutions in more than forty countries. The successful unveiling of the prototype was followed by a decision by these institutions to develop a public, freely-accessible version of the WDL.

A team at the Library of Congress then developed the public, online version of the WDL, which was launched at UNESCO in April 2009. Twenty-six institutions contributed content to the launch version of the site. Launch partners included national libraries and cultural organizations in Brazil, China, Egypt, Mexico, Russia, France, Sweden, Uganda, the United States and other locations worldwide.

Following the launch, the WDL continued to add content to the site and to enlist new partners from all parts of the world. In April 2010, institutions and organizations contributing to the WDL adopted the WDL Charter, which established a permanent governance structure.

In 2020, the WDL Charter concluded. In 2021, after more than 10 years of operation, the Library transitioned WDL's world-wide collection of cross-cultural treasures into a sustainable home for perpetual access on the Library of Congress's main website. The original World Digital Library site is preserved by the Library of Congress Web Archive, which captures the look and feel of the site. Now available on the Library's main website, the collection is a rich and valuable resource showing the diversity of the world's cultures through the contributions of hundreds of organizations.

The Library of Congress has received multiple complaints of an individual claiming to be the director of the World Digital Library and soliciting freelance work for a $200 employment ID. Please be warned that the WDL's charter has ended and neither the Library of Congress nor the former World Digital Library has any connection with this scam.

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About this Collection | World Digital Library | Digital Collections | Library of Congress

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This collection contains cultural heritage materials gathered during the World Digital Library (WDL) project, including thousands of items contributed by partner organizations worldwide as well as content from Library of Congress collections. The original World Digital Library site (preserved in LC’s Web Archives here) and all descriptive metadata were translated from English and made available in six additional languages: Spanish, Portuguese, French, Arabic, Russian, and Chinese.

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Here's a reading text to accompany your grammar lesson on the simple past tense. It's a one-page handout about the activities that happened on a summer holiday in Nice in France. As the passage describes completed events, it uses simple past tense appropriately in context. Before using this EFL reading material in your lesson, you may want to teach "bric-a-brac", knick-knack, as a new word which is shown as a picture on the worksheet.

The past simple reading text is followed by a set of true/false questions. You can have look at the questions here and assess whether it is suitable for your EFL classes.

A QR code answer key for your homework assignments and a smart answer key with short explanations for the answers are included.

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Here's a reading text to accompany your grammar lesson on the simple past tense. It's a one-page handout about the activities that happened on a summer holiday in Nice in France. As the passage describes completed events, it uses simple past tense appropriately in context.

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Log into your account to access our language learning and teaching resources.

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Paraphrase and Summary Exercises Index // Purdue Writing Lab

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The Purdue University Online Writing Lab serves writers from around the world and the Purdue University Writing Lab helps writers on Purdue’s campus.

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We're in Paris, on the Île de la Cité, in front of the Cathedral of Notre Dame next to the River Seine. This is point zero. The distances from Paris to all parts of France are measured from here. And at the heart of Paris is the Seine. 'For Parisians the Seine is the way to know where you are in Paris,' says the art historian Marina Ferretti.

I love my boat
One day 34 years ago, Claude Tharreau was walking along the Seine looking for an apartment to buy when he saw the Cathare: a 70-foot-long boat built in 1902 and for sale. It was Sunday. On Wednesday he bought the boat. 'Afterwards I noticed it was a boat with no electricity or water,' he says. He has lived on it since then. It's one of the 199 houseboats in Paris.

Instant beach
The beach-on-the-Seine was the idea of Paris Mayor Bertrand Delanoë. Every summer, the road on the Right Bank of the river is closed for four weeks. The project manager Damien Masset lists the ingredients for an instant beach: 5,500 tons of sand, 250 blue umbrellas, 350 deck chairs, 800 chairs, 250 loungers, 200 tables, four ice-cream sellers, eight cafés, 250 people to build the beach and 450 people to work there.

River rules
It's a hot summer day. You can see the heat rising from the road. The river looks cool. 'Can you swim in the Seine?' I ask the head of police Sandrine Berjot. 'Non,' she says. '38 euros.' That's the fine for swimming. 'What about your feet?' 'No, you can't put your feet in.' Here are some other things you can't do: go waterskiing or tie your boat around a tree with rope. And if you see a person in the water you mustn't jump in. You must call the police. This is serious: the fine for jumping in may be 75,000 euros and five years in jail.

The river
All kinds of objects float in the water: plastic toys, balloons, cigarettes, empty bottles. They float past the famous architecture of Paris and the river changes all the time. The painters Claude Monet and Henri Matisse had studios on the river. In their paintings we can see the changing and dancing light on the river.

Glossary:
houseboat (n) a boat that people live on permanently
deck chair (n) a type of chair that folds. Used outside.
lounger (n) a type of chair you can lie on. Used outside.

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We're in Paris, on the Île de la Cité, in front of the Cathedral of Notre Dame next to the River Seine. This is point zero. The distances from Paris to all parts of France are measured from here. And at the heart of Paris is the Seine.

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The Study Zone is for students of the English Language Centre (ELC) at the University of Victoria. ELC teachers create the English language lessons and practice exercises. The site is designed for our adult English language learners, but all are welcome to read the lessons and use the exercises.

For information on our usage policy and how to cite Study Zone, please visit Terms of Use.

If you have questions or problems with this material, or if you find mistakes or something confusing, please email us at elccurriculumcoordinatorlt@uvic.ca. Thanks!

Welcome to the new ELC Study Zone!

All new look, same great content!

Choose your English language level:

All levels:

What do I do?

First, choose your level. Then, choose a topic. Finally, choose a lesson.

Study Zone is made up of levels. Each level has language topics. Each topic has lessons. Lessons include exercises to help you improve your English.

Where am I now?

The menu at the top of each page tells you where you are. You can click on each part of it to go back to different levels. Click on Home on the left to go to the beginning of Study Zone. The name of the page you are on is on the right side of the menu. Levels in between Home and the page you are on are links that you can click on. Here is an example:

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About the Study Zone The Study Zone is for students of the English Language Centre (ELC) at the University of Victoria. ELC teachers create the English la

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Recursion is the repeated sequential use of a particular type of linguistic element or grammatical structure. Another way to describe recursion is linguistic recursion.

More simply, recursion has also been described as the ability to place one component inside another component of the same kind.

A linguistic element or grammatical structure that can be used repeatedly in a sequence is said to be recursive.

How to Use Recursion

"If you build an earthen home now, think of the wonder on the face of your great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great grandchild!"

(Ianto Evans, Michael G. Smith, and Linda Smiley, The Hand-Sculpted House: A Philosophical and Practical Guide to Building a Cob Cottage. Chelsea Green, 2002)

"Some affixes are mildly recursive: re-re-write, anti-anti-war, great-great-grandmother. This type of morphological recursion (where the same affixal form is repeated without intervening morphemes) appears to be unique to this functional category across languages, though most ... affixes are not recursive." (Edward J. Vajda, "Referential and Grammatical Function in Morphological Typology."

(Linguistic Diversity and Language Theories, ed. by Zygmunt Frajzyngier, Adam Hodges, and David S. Rood. John Benjamins, Pub., 2005)

"He can take a letter from you to her and then one from her to you and then one from you to her and then one from her to you and then one from you to her and then one ..."

(P.G. Wodehouse, Thank You, Jeeves, 1934)

"Didn't matter if the fe-fe was a VP, VIP, stay-at-home wife, his wife, his sister, a lover, an employee, an associate, a groupie, a counterpart, smart, fine, dumb, ugly, dumb and ugly, a model, a hooker, a Christian, his best friend, or his mother."

(Mary B. Morrison, He's Just a Friend. Kensington, 2003)

"The fact that English permits more than one adjective in a sequence in this manner is an example of a more general feature of languages that linguists call recursion. In English, prenominal adjectives are recursive. Simply put, this means that prenominal adjectives can be 'stacked,' with several appearing successively in a string, each of them attributing some property to the noun. In principle, there is no limit to the number of adjectives that can modify a noun. Or better, there is no grammatical limit."

(Martin J. Endley, Linguistic Perspectives on English Grammar: A Guide for EFL Teachers. Information Age, 2010)

Recursion and Meaning

"In English, recursion is often used to create expressions that modify or change the meaning of one of the elements of the sentence. For example, to take the word nails and give it a more specific meaning, we could use an object relative clause such as that Dan bought, as in

Hand me the nails that Dan bought.

In this sentence, the relative clause that Dan bought (which could be glossed as Dan bought the nails) is contained within a larger noun phrase: the nails (that Dan bought (the nails)). So the relative clause is nested within a larger phrase, kind of like a stack of bowls."

(Matthew J. Traxler, Introduction to Psycholinguistics: Understanding Language Science. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012)

Recursion and Infinitude

"[One] factor that encourages linguists to believe that human languages are infinite sets stems from a presumed connection between linguistic creativity and the infinite cardinality of languages. Note, for example, this statement by [Noam] Chomsky (1980: 221-222):

... the rules of the grammar must iterate in some manner to generate an infinite number of sentences, each with its specific sound, structure, and meaning. We make use of this 'recursive' property of grammar constantly in everyday life. We construct new sentences freely and use them on appropriate occasions ...

He is suggesting that because we construct new sentences, we must be using recursion, so the grammar must generate infinitely many sentences. Note also the remark of Lasnik (2000: 3) that 'The ability to produce and understand new sentences is intuitively related to the notion of infinity.'

No one will deny that human beings have a marvelous, highly flexible array of linguistic abilities. These abilities are not just a matter of being able to respond verbally to novel circumstances, but of being capable of expressing novel propositions, and of re-expressing familiar propositions in new ways. But infinitude of the set of all grammatical expressions is neither necessary nor sufficient to describe or explain linguistic creativity.

... The infinitude of human languages has not been independently established--and could not be. It does not represent a factual claim that can be used to support the idea that the properties of human language must be explicated via generative grammars involving recursion. Positing a generative grammar does not entail infinitude for the generated language anyway, even if there is recursion present in the rule system."

(Geoffrey K. Pullum and Barbara C. Scholz, "Recursion and the Infinitude Claim." Recursion and Human Language, ed. by Harry Van Der Hulst. Walter de Gruyter, 2010)

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Recursion is the repeated sequential use of a particular type of linguistic element or grammatical structure. Another way to describe recursion is linguistic recursion. More simply, recursion has also been described as the ability to place one component inside another component of the same kind.

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learning english vocabulary grammar pronunciation "english vocabulary" "speaking english" "english langauge" "online learning" "academic english" "studying e...

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LearningEnglishPRO is a brand new channel which will help you start Learning English like a PRO! Our videos are created and narrated by qualified TEFL Englis...

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Try a set of sample questions for the TOEFL ITP ® test Level 1 or Level 2 by clicking on the links below.

Note: These sample questions allow test takers to experience the types of tasks presented in the ITP tests. They are not intended to represent the way test questions are presented in the ITP test booklets or mimic the testing experience.

Level 1 (intermediate to advanced)

Level 2 (high beginning to intermediate)

See also:

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Try a set of sample questions for the TOEFL ITP ® test Level 1 or Level 2 by clicking on the links below. Note: These sample questions allow test takers to experience the types of tasks presented in the ITP tests.

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Boosting Your English Listening Skills

Randall's ESL Cyber Listening Lab has been providing online English listening comprehension activities for ESL and EFL learners since 1998. Visit Randall's other Web sites at DailyESL.com, EZslang.com, and Trainyouraccent.com for more language practice.

General ESL Listening Quizzes

Activities focus on everyday English comprehension skills at three levels based on content, voices, vocabulary, and natural speed. A combination of adult, teenage, and children's voices are included.

Explore More English Listening Activities

Randall has created a variety of other ESL listening activities to improve your comprehension, speaking, vocabulary, and cultural awareness.

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Randall's ESL Cyber Listening Lab - English Listening

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Randall's ESL Cyber Listening Lab helps ESL and EFL learners improve their English listening comprehension skills through conversations.