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Convection Currents

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7) Convection currents in the outer core contains iron and nickel, which are magnetic and creates the poles

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radiation is the transfer of heat through open space

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6) Convection throughout the mantle and it happens because of the heat from the core. The heat leads the semi-solid material in the mantle to decrease in density and rise. Shortly after, it gains heat and gains density so it sinks. The cycle repeats and is labeled convection currents.

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solid

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convection is the transfer of heat through liquids

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5) The asthenosphere is a soft, yet solid layer on which plates float and is in the middle of the mantle. The lithosphere is a solid layer that is a rigid rock layer divided into tectonic plates. In consists of the crust and upper part of the mantle.

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4)

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conduction is transfered through direct contact of an object.

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3) The density increases as it gets closer to the core. The crust is the least dense and the inner core is the most dense.

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up, and to other objects without heat energy.

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2) In subduction, the oceanic plate sinks under the continental plate because its more dense.

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The states of matter that we discussed in class are solids, liquids, and gasses. Matter changes its state because of its change in energy. The state of matter changes into a new form, such as freezing, melting, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and deposition. Matter also has different properties, such as solids, which have definite shapes, volume, sizes, and their particles are close together. Liquids have a definite size and volume, but they take the shape of their containers, and their particles are somewhat close together. A gas has no definite shape or size, will completely fill their container, and their particles have lots of energy. When molecules gain energy, the molecules speed up, however when they lose energy, they slow down. The motion of molecules due to energy gain/loss cause fluids to convect because the greater the volume, the greater the density.

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A force is a push or a pull. A contact force is when a force happens with direct contact upon an object, and examples include friction, buoyant, and a normal force. A non-contact force is when a force happens without direct contact. Examples of non-contact forces are magnetism, gravity, and an electrical force.The force called gravity is referred to as weight and mass an distance affect this because if something has more mass gravity can affect more of it so it becomes heavier or more attracted to the center of the gravity, and the farther you are from the center of gravity the weaker the gravitational force gets. A field is a space around a force in which the force can still affect an object. a normal force

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1) Crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is consists of oceanic and continental plates. It is solid and made up of basalt and granite rock. It is the coldest of the four layers. It is also the least dense/thinnest. The mantle has more magnesium and iron than the crust. It is the thickest. It is a semi-solid. The outer core is a liquid. It consists of iron and nickel. It is about 6000 degrees Celsius. Finally, the inner core is made up of iron and nickle as well. It is the hottest, farthest, and most dense layer. It is a solid.

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A plate Boundary is where two plates line up. There are Transform, convergent, and divergent boundaries. The oceanic is the most dense so it sinks under the continental in a convergent boundary. The move atop of the asthenosphere because of the convection currents.
Transform-  A transform boundary is where two plates slide past each other. They have ridged edges so they get caught with one another and form pressure and release to form an earthquake.
Convergent- A convergent boundary is where two plates move towards each other. Subduction, Deep-ocean trenches, mountains, and sometime volcano's happen at these boundaries.
Divergent- A divergent boundary is where two plates move away from each other. Rift valleys, mid-ocean ridges, faults, and volcano's happen at divergent boundaries.

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There are three main classifications of rock. These classifications, determined by how the rock forms, include: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The matter that makes up these rocks is the same matter that has always existed on Earth. It continues to be recycled, which is why the rock cycle is called a cycle.

A metamorphic rock is formed when any type of rock undergoes enough heat and pressure to bake the rock without actually melting it. The rock undergoes a chemical change due to the increased heat and pressure. That means that a chemical reaction has occurred making the substance something entirely new.

A sedimentary rock is formed when weathering breaks down any type of rock into smaller pieces called sediments. These sediments are eroded, or moved, by wind, water, animals, etc. where they are deposited and can accumulate. Over time they begin to compact and cement forming a solid rock made of sediments, or bits of smaller rocks. Typically these rocks are formed at the bottom of a large body of water. Florida, for example, has large areas of sedimentary rock layers, indicating that it was once covered by water.

Lastly, igneous rocks--rocks of fire--are formed when any rock is melted into molten rock and then cooled into solid rock. This is caused by volcanic activity.

See the model below which demonstrates this ongoing cycle and the processes that change rock from one type to another.