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a seasonal prevailing wind in the region of South and Southeast Asia, blowing from the southwest between May and September and bringing rain (the wet monsoon ), or from the northeast between October and April (the dry monsoon ).

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lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat.

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William Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. ... After graduating, Clinton returned to Arkansas and won election as the Attorney General of Arkansas, serving from 1977 to 1979.

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Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk, the military helicopter used by the United States in the 1993 Battle of Mogadishu.

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vice president under Reagan and 41st President of the United States (born in 1924) 2. n. 43rd President of the United States; son of George Herbert Walker Bush (born in 1946) Full Definitions of George Bush.

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republic in NE Africa, on the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden: the north became a British protectorate in 1884; the east and south were established as an Italian protectorate in 1889; gained independence and united as Somalia (or theSomali Republic) in 1960.

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extreme scarcity of food.

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Poaching has been defined as the illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals, usually associated with land use rights. According to Encyclopædia Britannica, poaching was performed by impoverished peasants for subsistence purposes and a supplement for meager diets.

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of a disease prevalent over a whole country or the world.

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a republic in central Africa: part of German East Africa from 1899 until 1917, when Belgium took over the administration; became a republic in 1961 after a Hutu revolt against the Tutsi (1959); fighting between the ethnic groups broke out repeatedly after independence, culminating in the genocide of Tutsis by Hutus

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is a branch of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. It has been active in Nigeria since 2009. The name of the group means "Western" or "non-Islamic" education is a sin. The group is active in the north of Nigeria, and wants to impose Islamic law as the only law in Nigeria.

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is a term used for a diamond mined in a war zone and sold to finance an insurgency, an invading army's war efforts, or a warlord's activity. The term is used to highlight the negative consequences of the diamond trade in certain areas, or to label an individual diamond as having come from such an area.

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a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race.

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Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election.

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The Berlin Conference of 1884–85, also known as the Congo Conference or West Africa Conference, regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power.

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He acquired and harshly ruled the Congo Free State (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) as a private colony from 1876 to 1908, when he was forced to cede it to the Belgian state.

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people living mainly in Niger and Mali.

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A country of western Africa

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republic in West Africa comprising the former colonies of the Gold Coast and Ashanti, the protectorate of the Northern Territories, and the U.N. trusteeship of British Togoland: member of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1957.

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people of south central Ghana.

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the largest ethnic group in Kenya.

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a member of a pastoral people living in Tanzania and Kenya.

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an ancient kingdom located in what is now Eritrea and the Tigray Region of northern Ethiopia. Ruled by the Aksumites, it existed from approximately 100 AD to 940 AD.

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a group of Niger–Congo languages spoken in central and southern Africa, including Swahili, Xhosa, and Zulu

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the belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe.

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the behavior and attitudes that stem from strong loyalty to one's own tribe or social group.

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the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.

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The Taliban (Pashto: طالبان‎ ṭālibān "students") or Taleban, who refer to themselves as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), are a Sunni Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan currently waging war (an insurgency, or jihad) within that country.

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Led the 9/11 attacks, Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, also rendered Usama bin Ladin, was a founder of the pan-Islamic militant organization al-Qaeda. He was a Saudi Arabian until 1994, a member of the wealthy bin Laden family, and an ethnic Yemeni Kindite.

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Soviet invasion of Afghanistan The Soviet Union intervened in support of the Afghan communist government in its conflict with anticommunist Muslim guerrillas during the Afghan War (1978–92) and remained in Afghanistan until mid-February 1989.

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The Iranian Revolution was a series of events involving the overthrow of the 2,500 years of continuous Persian monarchy under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who was supported by the United States; Ended in February 1979.

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ember of a mainly Islamic people living in parts of eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, western Iran, and eastern Syria.

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ovement for (originally) the re-establishment and (now) the development and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel. It was established as a political organization in 1897 under Theodor Herzl, and was later led by Chaim Weizmann.

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The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David. The two framework agreements were signed at the White House, and were witnessed by United States President Jimmy Carter.

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A protracted military conflict in Iraq that began in 2003 with an attack by a coalition of forces led by the United States and that resulted in the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime. US combat troops were withdrawn in 2010.

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The Gulf War, codenamed Operation Desert Shield for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.

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Was fought between June 5 and June 10, 1967, by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt (known then as the United Arab Republic, UAR), Jordan, and Syria, include both longstanding and immediate issues.

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Hostile to or prejudiced against Jews.

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Hamas is a Palestinian Sunni-Islamist fundamentalist organization. It has a social service wing, Dawah, and a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. It has been the de facto governing authority of the Gaza Strip since its takeover of that area in 2007. During this period it fought several wars with Israel.

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The Palestine Liberation Organization is an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of the "liberation of Palestine" through armed struggle, with much of its violence aimed at Israeli civilians.

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Oil Embargo, 1973–1974. During the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) imposed an embargo against the United States in retaliation for the U.S. decision to re-supply the Israeli military and to gain leverage in the post-war peace negotiations.

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Known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Islam religious leader and politician.

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A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.

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An adherent of the Shia branch of Islam.

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One of the two main branches of Islam, commonly described as orthodox, and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its acceptance of the first three caliphs.

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A collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.

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Also known as the Decalogue, are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship.

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Jesus also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth, The Messiah, Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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The law of God as revealed to Moses and recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures

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The Jewish commandments that all the Jews must follow.

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Abraham, originally Abram, is the common patriarch of the three Abrahamic religions. In Judaism, he is the founding father of the Covenant, the special relationship between the Jewish people and God.

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Religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Arabic: الله‎, Allah). The Quran is divided into chapters (surah in Arabic), which are then divided into verses (ayah)

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Are the five basic acts in Islam, considered mandatory by believers and are the foundation of Muslim life. They are summarized in the famous hadith of Gabriel.

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Jerusalem, Mecca, and Medina.

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Muslim place of worship.

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Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah.

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Relating to or characterized by the belief that there is only one God.

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The process of removing salt from seawater.

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A type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface. The goal is to place water directly into the root zone and minimize evaporation.

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A fertile spot in a desert where water is found.

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Body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater.

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The indigenous non-Semitic people of ancient Babylonia.

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Was an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau, corresponding to today's Iraq, mostly, but also parts of modern-day Iran, Syria and Turkey.

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The state of being scarce or in short supply; shortage.

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Was a catastrophic nuclear accident.

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Country that wants independence from Russia

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The policy or practice of being open and transparent towards the government initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev

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An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

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A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

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The policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system. First proposed by Leonid Brezhnev in 1979 and actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev, perestroika originally referred to increased automation and labor efficiency, but came to entail greater awareness of economic markets and the ending of central planning.

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Each of a series of Soviet artificial satellites, the first of which (launched on October 4, 1957) was the first satellite to be placed in orbit.

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Was a Soviet statesman who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War

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Was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower.

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Founder of the Russian Communist Party, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, and first head of the Soviet state.

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German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary.

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Confederation of Anti-Communist forces.

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A Russian Social Democratic Party, which was renamed the Communist Party after seizing power in the October Revolution of 1917.

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Legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate, is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches.

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The single European currency, which replaced the national currencies of France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Luxembourg, Austria, Finland, the Republic of Ireland, Belgium, and the Netherlands in 2002. Seventeen member states of the European Union now use the euro.

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The European Union is a political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce

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The immediate cause of World War I that made the aforementioned items come into play (alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism) was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, a Serbian-nationalist terrorist group called the Black Hand sent groups to assassinate the Archduke.

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also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries. The organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949

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William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from January 20, 1993, to January 20, 2001. Prior to the presidency, he was the Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, and again from 1983 to 1992

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A disputed region in the Balkans, considered by Serbia as one of its two autonomous provinces. One of five administrative districts of the above region as viewed by the Serbian government. The Republic of Kosovo, a country in the Balkans.

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he countries in the Balkan Peninsula: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, and the European part of Turkey.

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was first used to describe certain nations in the Cold War. These were nations that were aligned with, but also under the influence and pressure of, the Soviet Union. The satellite nations of the Cold War were Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany.

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Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War.

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was the name for the boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1992. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and its allied states.

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a period of technological improvement and increased crop productivity that occurred during the 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe. In this lesson, learn the timeline, causes, effects and major inventions that spurred this shift in production.

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Britain led the way in this transformation. By the 1780s, the British Industrial Revolution, which had been developing for several decades, began to further accelerate. Manufacturing, business, and the number of wage laborers skyrocketed, starting a trend that would continue into the first half of the 19th century.

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Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. Spoken by 80 million people in Europe.

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Derived from Latin and Greek, and fewer are borrowed from French and Modern English. Mainly spoken in Central Europe by about 95 Million people in Europe

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East Slavic language spoken by 120 Million in Europe.

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Ancient Greece. The Ancient Greeks may have lived over 2000 years ago, but they left a lasting legacy that still affects Western culture and way of life. During the height of the Greek civilization, Greek culture spread throughout the Mediterranean. It was then imitated by the Ancient Romans

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The legacy of the Roman Empire includes the set of cultural values, religious beliefs, technological advancements, engineering and language. This legacy was passed on after the demise of the empire itself and continued to shape other civilizations, a process which continues to this day.

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Relating to, or being a Christian church having a hierarchy of priests and bishops under the pope, a liturgy centered in the Mass, veneration of the Virgin Mary and saints, clerical celibacy, and a body of dogma including transubstantiation and papal infallibility.

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Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches.