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In this video, a person who believes in biophilia had talked about the dangers out the Kudzu since after it had arrived to the U.S from Japan.
1. Yes, the word Kudzu had been said correctly.
2. Yes, this word is appropriate in the context because this video was talking about the dangers of the Kudzu plants and how it is growing rapidly causing more harm to people.
3. The tone of the word Kudzu is fearful because this video informs the viewers about the dangers of the Kudzu plant and how it destroyed people's home, telephone lines, and how it can spread quickly to deal more damage to the economy.

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In this article, scientists had bee gathering data on global warming and one of the ways we could see global warming taking place is by observing glaciers. Glaciers had started to melt due to global warming says some scientists.
1. Yes, the word Glacier had been used correctly.
2. Yes, this word is appropriate in the context because glaciers are just huge pieces of frozen water and due to global warming, the glaciers are melting due to the heat that the global warming is exerting.
3. The tone of the word glacier is cautionary because scientists are informing the people about how glaciers are melting due to global warming and global warming is ultimately caused by humans burning fossil fuel and other actions that cause Co2 to get released into the atmosphere.

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With global warming, we can make predictions and then take measurements to test those predictions. One prediction (a pretty obvious one) is that a warmer world will have less snow and ice. In particular, areas that have year-round ice and snow will start to melt.

Alpine glaciers are large bodies of ice that can be formed high in mountains, typically in bowls called cirques. The ice slowly flows downwards, pulled by gravity, and is renewed in their upper regions. A sort of balance can occur where the loss of ice by melting or flowing at the bottom is equal to the gain of snow and ice by precipitation.

As the Earth warms, the melt line moves upwards so that the glacier melts faster and faster at the bottom, shortening the glacier and reducing its mass. Ultimately, the melted water flows into streams and rivers and ends up in the oceans, contributing to accelerating sea level rise.

While glaciers are interesting from an intellectual standpoint, they are also important to ecosystems and society. For example, the rate of glacier melt affects downstream water levels, river flowrates, and the water available for human use. So, it would be really important for us to be able to predict what will happen with glaciers in the future and plan for how water availability will change.

Of the groups that track glaciers, my favorite is the World Glacier Monitoring Service, which publishes a survey of the mass changes from selected glaciers around the world, available here and summarized below. The graph shows changes to the mass of the glaciers that are monitored, measured in millimeters of equivalent water.

But this doesn't tell the whole story because there is very little information about glacier health in the high latitudes (Northern Alaska, Canada, Northern Europe, Northern Russia, etc.). Very few temperature records exist in high elevations in these regions. Furthermore, the temperatures do not extend back very far in time. So, it is challenging for scientists to develop a long-term perspective on glacier health in these areas.

And this is why a new study attracted my attention. A paper was just published by the American Geophysical Union that shared research carried out by Dominic Winski and his colleagues.

Dominic Winski, member of the Osterberg Research Group, Dartmouth.

This team of researchers extracted ice cores from the glaciers on Mt. Hunter, in Alaska. The ice cores held snow and ice from as far back as 400 years. The researchers showed that the amount of water melt currently is 60 times greater than it was prior to 1850. They also found that the summertime temperature changes on Mt. Hunter are almost 2°C per century (about 3.5°F). To put this in perspective, the temperatures are rising about twice as fast as global temperatures.

The fact that temperatures on these northern mountains is rising faster than the globe as a whole is something predicted by climate models. The reason it warms so fast in these locations is that as the warming starts, snow begins to melt, exposing dark soil, which absorbs more sunlight, leading to more warming. We call this a feedback loop. There are other feedbacks at play, including changes to vertical temperatures in the air, changes to clouds, and changes to atmosphere currents. These areas were predicted to warm particularly fast, and the measurements confirm the predictions.

The authors recognized that during the summer, the top layer of snow and ice can melt. The liquid water permeates the ice beneath it and refreezes, creating a more solid ice layer than before. Because the bands of solid ice are formed from melting snow, more bands of solid ice mean that summer temperatures were above freezing when the ice bands formed. Measuring the number and thickness of these bands through time gives information about how warm the summer temperatures are.

So basically, the authors used these annual ice-core bands to deduce temperatures as far back as 400 years ago. They found that the frequency of melting events increased by 57-fold from the 1650-1850 time period compared with 1980-2011. They also measured a 60-fold increase in total melt. These are staggering numbers. I asked the lead author, Dominic Winski to summarize his findings and he told me,

This research shows that peaks in the Alaska Range sustain additional summertime warming through links with rising ocean temperatures in the tropics. Not only have we learned that summers are much warmer on Mt. Hunter than they were hundreds of years ago, but our research also demonstrates how connected the climate system is, with changes in certain parts of the world affecting places thousands of miles away.

It will be interesting to see if others can replicate these findings in other locations. But the collaboration of the conclusions with other evidence is quite compelling. Good work, researchers.
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Glacier loss is accelerating because of global warming | John Abraham

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With global warming, we can make predictions and then take measurements to test those predictions. One prediction (a pretty obvious one) is that a warmer world will have less snow and ice. In particular, areas that have year-round ice and snow will start to melt.

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In this article, a 22 year old had confessed that he was a Neo Nazi and had been put in jail for after calling for the genocide of Jews.
1. Yes, the word Genocide had been used correctly.
2. Yes, this word is appropriate in the context because the Nazi's during Hitler's reign had a genocide of Jews, Slavs, Poles, and other people and this 22 year old man was also talking about the genocide that had took so many lives during Hitler's reign.
3. The tone that the word genocide evokes is fear because the Judge had to put him in prison because if he was not in prison, people would have fear if they were jews because of this mans statement.

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In this article, a Harvard student was charged with assault, indecent exposure, and resisting arrest. This student had not been caught by the Harvard university police Department but by the CPD because the student was not on school ground do CPD had jurisdiction over the territory the student was caught.
1. Yes, the word jurisdiction was used correctly.
2. Yes, this word is appropriate in the context it is used because Jurisdiction means the territory within which power can be exercised and the CPD had jurisdiction because the student was not on school property.
3. The tone that the word jurisdiction evokes is forceful because the CPD is more powerful than the Harvard University Police Department due to the territory the student was in so only the CPD could have took action.

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Spokespeople for Harvard University Health Services and the Harvard University Police Department said both organizations followed proper protocol before and during the arrest of a black Harvard undergraduate Friday that has sparked allegations of police brutality.

HUHS was contacted about the student, who was naked and likely under the influence of narcotics. But the Cambridge Police Department ultimately arrived on the scene and made the arrest, charging the undergraduate on several counts including assault, indecent exposure, and resisting arrest.

An account of events given by the Harvard Black Law Students Association stated that HUHS transferred the call directly to CPD, drawing questions from some students as to why HUHS immediately contacted an outside police department and causing some to wonder whether officials involved followed proper protocol.

But HUPD spokesperson Stephen G. Catalano wrote in an email Monday that HUHS actually contacted HUPD first. Catalano said HUPD then transferred the call to CPD, which he described as the "department with primary jurisdiction."

CPD had jurisdiction because the student-who was arrested at the intersection of Massachusetts Ave. and Waterhouse St., feet from Harvard Law School's campus-was not standing on campus and was thus outside HUPD's jurisdiction, Catalano wrote. HUPD has to inform other police departments of any incidents that take place outside of Harvard's campus, according to Catalano.

HUHS spokesperson Michael Perry wrote that HUHS has conducted a review of "what occurred on Friday evening." He wrote that HUHS called HUPD "per standard protocol" and that "jurisdictional requirements" mandated that HUPD transfer the call to CPD.

"We have confirmed that HUHS's standard protocol was followed," he wrote.

Catalano likewise wrote that HUPD followed proper protocol.

"In a case where HUHS calls the HUPD for an incident occurring off campus we would either connect HUHS to the local police department with jurisdiction or HUPD would contact them directly," Catalano wrote.

Catalano wrote in a separate email Monday that, after HUPD initially notified CPD of the situation, CPD then asked HUPD to come to the scene. But by the time HUPD arrived, CPD had already made the arrest, Catalano wrote.

"We transferred the call. CPD then called us back to come to scene," Catalano wrote. "Upon arrival the student was under arrest."

CPD officers arrested the student Friday night after a physical encounter. Officers tackled the student to the ground.

Officers from CPD later wrote in a police report that they tackled the student because he was making aggressive movements toward law enforcement. But members of BLSA who witnessed the event have stated CPD's version of events is "incorrect," stating that officers tackled the student "without provocation."

While the student was on the ground, at least one CPD officer punched the undergraduate in the stomach five times in an attempt to unpin the student's arms and handcuff the undergraduate, according to the CPD police report. Some University affiliates have called the arrest an instance of police brutality; students, faculty, and staff held gatherings in the days after the incident to respond, reflect, and organize.

Perry wrote in an email that HUHS and HUPD have "long established relationships and protocols" that outline "the role each unit plays in all situations involving the Harvard community."

"HUHS's standard protocol is to contact HUPD for any emergency concern related to a Harvard student. In instances when an incident occurs off campus, HUPD is required to involve the police department with jurisdiction over the location," he wrote. "In cases where a life-threatening emergency is possible, HUHS will recommend the caller contact 911 immediately."

"Any call to 911 will trigger a response by Professional Ambulance and the police department with jurisdiction," he added.

CPD is conducting an internal review in the wake of the arrest given the incident involved a use of force. CPD policy mandates the department must conduct this kind of review any time force is used.

-Staff writer Caroline S. Engelmayer can be reached at caroline.engelmayer@thecrimson.com. Follow her on Twitter @cengelmayer13.

-Staff writer Michael E. Xie can be reached at michael.xie@thecrimson.com. Follow him on Twitter @MichaelEXie1.

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Police, Health Services Obeyed Protocol in Arrest, Per Spokespeople | News | The Harvard Crimson

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Spokespeople for Harvard University Health Services and the Harvard University Police Department said both organizations followed proper protocol before and during the arrest of a black Harvard undergraduate Friday that has sparked allegations of police brutality. HUHS was contacted about the student, who was naked and likely under the influence of narcotics.

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In this article, it talks about how the Prime Minister of Cambodia, Minister Hun Sen, had warned his cabinet ministers about pushing family members up the hierarchy by firing other officials.
1. Yes, the word nepotism is used correctly.
2. Yes, this word is appropriate in the context because nepotism is very frowned upon within any businesses and other jobs and this article is using nepotism as something that is frowned upon and to warn people within his cabinet about nepotism.
3. The tone that the word nepotism evokes is cautionary because the Prime Minister Hun Sen was warning his cabinet about the punishments of nepotism.

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PM warns against nepotism

Prime Minister Hun Sen took to Facebook on Sunday to alert his cabinet ministers that he would review ministerial and military promotions, warning against pushing family members up the hierarchy at the cost of other officials.

The premier made the comment on Facebook calling on all his ministers to keep a close eye on ministerial promotions and asking them to ensure they were in compliance with the law and internal guidelines.

"All ministers, who are in charge of the ministries, must pay attention to this case. [You] must promote properly and comply with the law, and do not only promote for [people linked to] yourself and your relatives without caring about lower officials," he said in the post.

He reminded ministers that promotions were limited to one every two years.

The government frequently doles out promotions or additional titles to officials, a trend that has perhaps been most clearly apparent in the military. In the last 18 months, more than 1,000 military officials have been promoted to the rank of general as part of the government's recognition and gratitude towards troops' service and sacrifice in helping to defeat the Khmer Rouge.

Civil Service Ministry spokesman Youk Bunna confirmed that civil servants could be promoted only once every two years, adding that the ministry had received complaints about irregular practices regarding ministerial promotions.

"When they see that the promotion is not right, they can request to the ministry of public civil servants. That ministry has the committee to check to how the case is . . . and in past there were cases but I have not known clearly the figure."

He did characterise the premier's comments as a reminder to ministries to follow the law and ensure smooth operations within the government.

"Samdech [Hun Sen] raised this because he wanted to remind the ministries and institutions to pay more attention to promotion of officials' rank and role, and this is a reminder somehow to make the work more perfect," he said.

However, Facebook users were quick to comment on the premier's post, airing their grievances about missed promotions at their workplaces.

Facebook user Roskan Davy said he only reached deputy department director level after nearly 40 years of service, saying he was never able to move up the ranks fast enough. Another, Sim Serey, said promotions were based on an official's capability to pay up.

"When there is no money, there is no promotion," he said.

Government accountability advocate San Chey said corruption was endemic in the promotion practices of the civil services, adding that capable officials were often overlooked for more connected civil servants.

"It is also a political message for the coming election. He raised it in order to gain more popularity for his party," he said.

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PM warns against nepotism Prime Minister Hun Sen took to Facebook on Sunday to alert his cabinet ministers that he would review ministerial and military promotions, warning against pushing family members up the hierarchy at the cost of other officials.