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M: Natalie, have you finished your outline for the report we've been assigned? You know, the

one about the biology field trip to Hawthorne Oceanic Research Facility.

W: Hi, Greg. I'm still thinking about what topic to focus on. I thought maybe the subject of symbiosis.

M: Oh, yes. I remember that the chapter about it in our textbook was really fascinating. Particularly

the symbiotic relationships involving cleaner fish. Like the wrasse fish we studied

W: Mm-hmm. And there were moray eels at the Hawthorne facility...as well as wrasse fish. I can

describe in detail the cleaning process between those two species.

M: What did that involve again?

W: Well, the moray eels and wrasse fish were in the same tank living on a reef. The wrasse fish gathered inside the reef and hung around until other fish showed up.

M: An, I remember.. the eels went there to be cleaned!

W. Yes. Mr. Horace explained that.

M: He did. He said they usually gathered together near the cleaning station

W: Yeah, and then the wrasse fish would approach the moray eels there while they were resting. And

that's when they would start the cleaning process.

Right.  I remember. First they clean up the eels' gills by eating parasites and bacteria.

W: Yes, they actually eat that stuff right off the eels.

W: And they pick away the dead scales as well. Actually, you might also want to mention that the

M: eels really rely on the fish because the parasites they eat are quite dangerous. Also at the end, the moray eels would often open their mouths and let the wrasse fish swim inside to clean as well. I thought it was really fascinating to see that part of the process.

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| Frank: Ah obviously, for a start, we’ve got to ensure that people, including the staff, without exception, copy both sides of a page. We can’t tolerate single-sided copying. It’s just far too wasteful.
| Frank: But as people are doing copying, there may be adjustments, and practice copying, producing single-sided copies or blank pages not wanted and not intended for use. These need to be deposited into a tray for intended recycling —you know, for recopying onto the blank side of the page.
| Frank: That’s why you allow everyone to select this tray when copying. You distribute numbers or codes to every person, giving them special access to this recycling tray. Every time they use papers from this, it’s tallied up to their account.
| Frank: Because the person who does the most copying from this recycling tray gets, say, a cinema pass, or lottery ticket, or some other sort of reward.
| Frank: Yeah, I agree with you, which is why you need to display these papers right in front of everyone, with a clear sign, ‘Please Reuse’, to make it easy for them to do so.

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| Liz: You just need to ensure that the flyer is designed well. I did a course in design, so I can help you. Sam: I’m all ears. Liz: Well, one of the first rules, since the noticeboard will be full of papers, is to make sure your flyer stands out. Thus, don’t use white paper; use coloured paper. Sam: You mean, like yellow paper? Liz: Yellow, red, orange, it doesn’t matter, as long as it’s coloured, and thus more obvious. Similarly, make the heading attract people, and money does this, right?
| Liz: So, don’t say something boring, such as ‘Help needed’, but something such as ‘Easy Money’. That will immediately attract people’s interest. And also ensure they know that it won’t take much time. These interviews are about half an hour, so tell them that, right under the heading.
| Liz: Well, by the same token, people don’t have the time to read. They don’t want to struggle through a large number of words, thus, limit them. That will make the flyer easily and quickly read.

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U3 - Lable the map below. Write the correct letter, A-G, next to Question 1-4

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U3 - Lable the map below. Write the correct letter, A-G, next to Question 1-4

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1. Main stage
2. Castle tower
3. Miniature Village
4. Fun Fortress theatre ...........................

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Now, if you’ve been assigned to the vegetable beds to get there, you go out of the car park and go up the footpath until you reach the circle of trees. There they are in the middle of the plan, and you see that the footpath goes all the way around them. [15] Well, on the left hand side of that circular footpath, there’s a short track which takes you directly to the vegetable beds. You could see a bamboo fence mark just above them.
Look again at the circle of trees in the middle of the plan and the footpath that goes around them. On the right side of that circle, you can see that the footpath goes off in an easterly direction, heading towards the right-hand side of the plan. And then the path splits into two and you can either go up or down. You want the path that heads down, and at the end of this, you see two areas divided by a bamboo fence. And as we’re looking at the plan, the beehives are on the right of the fence. The smaller section, I mean (Q16). Now, don’t worry. All these have been removed. You just need to transport the hives back to the car park.
Okay, for this seating, look at the circular footpath at the top of it. There’s a path that goes from there and takes you up to the seating area alongside the bicycle track and with a good view of the island, I suppose (Q17)
Okay, if you’re volunteering for the adventure playground area, let’s start from the car park again and go up the footpath but then you want the first left hand. Go out there and then you see, there’s a short path that goes off to the right. Go down there and that’s the adventure playground area above the bamboo fence (Q18). That fence does need repairing, I’m afraid.
Right. What else? Oh, yes, the sand area. We’ve got that circular footpath in the middle. Find the track that goes east towards the right-hand side of the plan and where that track divides, you need the little path that goes up towards the bicycle track. The sand area is just above the bamboo fence there (Q19).
And finally, the pond area. So it’s on the left-hand side of your plan – towards the top – just above the fruit bushes, and to the left of the little path (Q20). Okay. As I said already, hopefully, we’ll…

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So, first I'll begin by explaining what visitors can do here. We are at the main gate at the moment, and there is a route you can follow from here to ensure you see most things in the park.

After you enter the main gate, you will immediately see the Public Market on the right side of the road, where we sell a variety of souvenirs, snacks, and beverages. Directly across the street from that is our spacious main stage. On the main stage, you can watch re- enactments of battles with knights, performances by medieval musicians, or comedy shows. And if you follow the side path to the west, you will see Bouncy

Castle at the end on your right.

Now, if you're headed north from the main gate on the main route, and take the second left, you'll come to our large rides area. This is where our most popular ride, the Dungeon Discovery Ride, and our newest ride, Castle Tower, can be found. The Dungeon Discovery Ride is the first one you see

on the left as you enter the rides area. But Castle Tower is located in the far northwest corner, so you'll have to walk a bit more in that direction to find it.

We also have a Miniature Village in the park. To get there, starting from the main entrance, take the same route north toward the rides area. Go past the turning to the forest pathway, and you will reach another path that turns to the right. Take that path, and it will bend to the left and come to the entrance of the Miniature Village, located between the pathway and Queen's Pond. It includes a complete town and a range of famous landmarks and structures, all miniaturised of course!

Now, if you're interested in watching a show or a movie,

you can go to the park's Fun Fortress 3-D Theatre. To get there, you head north on the main route. Take the first right and head up the Forest Pathway. You'll eventually come to a small bridge that crosses the stream, and on the other side is the theatre. We have a wide selection of new releases and kid's classics, most of which are in 3-D Alright, those who would like to follow the route can

Come with me, and we will start at...

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1.mountain trails

2.abilities

3.first-timers

4.fully mastered

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Now, let me tell you something about the different ski trails you can follow during your stay here.

Highland Trail’s directly accessible from where we are now. This trail’s been designed to give first-timers an experience they’ll enjoy regardless of their age or skill, but it’s also ideal for experts to practise their technique (Q17).

Then there’s Pine Trail … if you’re nervous about skiing, leave this one to the experts! You follow a steep valley looking right down on the river below – scary! But if you’ve fully mastered the techniques needed for hills, it’s great fun (Q18).

Stony Trail’s a good choice once you’ve got a general idea of the basics. There are one or two tricky sections, but nothing too challenging. There’s a shelter half-way where you can sit and take a break and enjoy the afternoon sunshine. (Q19)

And finally, Loser’s Trail. This starts off following a gentle river valley but the last part is quite exposed so the snow conditions can be challenging – if it’s snowing or windy, check with us before you set out to make sure the trail’s open that day. (Q20)

Right, so now if you’d like to follow me, we’ll get started …

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Questions 11-15.  (AUDIO 14)

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

11.  What is new about the Writers' Festival this year?

A more international guests

B extra time for questions

C additional locations for events

12.  Tickets for the Wearable Art event

A tickets selling out quickly.

B have been reduced in price.

C must be booked in advance.
13. Ocean Times at Bright's Beach is

A  a sporting competition for adults.

B an educational event for all ages.

C a play day for young children.

14.  People going to the Artscape Exhibition

A should wear appropriate clothing.

B must keep to the proper path.

C need to arrive at a certain time.

15.Tours of the Civil Theatre

A do not happen often.

B have never happened before.

C may happen more regularly in future.

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If you have a well balanced diet, then you should be getting all the (1)__________ that you need for normal daily living. However sometimes we think we’re eating the right foods but the vitamins are (2)________, perhaps as a result of cooking and anyway we’re not getting the full benefit of them. Now, if you  lack vitamins in any way the solution isn’t to rush off and take vitamin pills. though they can sometimes help. No it’s far better to look at your diet and how you prepare your food.

So what are vitamins? Well, the dictionary tells us they are “food factors essential in small quantities to maintain life”. Now, there are fat soluble vitamins which can be (3)_______ for quite some time by the body and there are water soluble vitamins which are removed more rapidly from the body and so a regular daily intake of these ones is needed.

OK, so how can you ensure that your diet contains enough of the vitamins you need? Well, first of all, you may have to establish some new eating habits! No more chips at the uni canteen, I’m afraid! Now firstly, you must eat a variety of foods. Then you need to ensure that you eat at least four servings of fruit and vegetables daily. Now you’ll need to shop two or three times a week to make sure that they’re fresh, and store your vegetables in the (4)_________ or in a cool dark place.