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E1. evaluate the effectiveness of technological devices and procedures designed to make use of light, and assess their social benefits;

E2. investigate, through inquiry, the properties of light, and predict its behaviour, particularly with respect to reflection in plane and curved mirrors and refraction in converging lenses;

E3. demonstrate an understanding of various characteristics and properties of light, particularly with respect to reflection in mirrors and reflection and refraction in lenses.

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Optics is the science that studies the manufacturing and propagation of light, as well as the changes it undergoes and produces, as well as closely related phenomena. Physical optics is concerned with the nature and properties of light, whereas geometric optics is concerned with the formation of images using mirrors, lenses, and other light-based devices. The manipulation of the information content of an image formed by coherent (one-wavelength) optical systems is referred to as optical data processing. Optics research has resulted in the development of devices such as spectacles and contact lenses, telescopes, microscopes, cameras, binoculars, lasers, and optical fibres.

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A mirror is a reflective surface which does not allow light to pass through but instead bounces it off, creating an image. Flat mirrors, also known as plane mirrors, are the most common. A thin layer of silver nitrate or aluminum is placed behind a flat piece of glass to create these mirrors. Once you place an object at the front of a mirror, the mirror reflects an image of the same object. The incident rays are emitted by the object, and the image is formed by the reflected rays. A reflection image can be either real or virtual. When light rays intersect at the image, they become inverted (upside down), and create a "real" image. When light rays do not actually meet at the image, the result is a "virtual" image. You "see" the image instead because your eye projects light rays backward. You've been duped into thinking you're seeing an image! The right side of a virtual image is up (upright).

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Surfaces reflect both sound and light waves. The incidence angle equals the reflection angle. This is known as the law of reflection. As a result, if a wave strikes a mirror at a 36° angle, it will be mirrored at the same angle. An incident light ray strikes a plane mirror at an angle and is reflected back. The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Both angles are measured in relation to the normal. The normal is an imaginary line that is perpendicular to the plane mirror. When sound waves strike smooth surfaces, they produce strong echoes and can act as mirrors when light waves strike them. The waves are uniformly reflected, and light can form images. The waves are capable of things such as to be concentrated to a single point, as in sunlight mirrored off a concave telescope The reflection in the mirror appears to come from a point behind the mirror, such as a looking glass.
Sound and light are scattered in all directions by rough surfaces. Each tiny bit of the surface, however, still adheres to the rule that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

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A lens is a precision-ground or molded piece of transparent material that reflects light light rays to form an image. At each boundary, lenses refract light. When a ray of light enters a lens, it is refracted, and when it exits the lens, it is refracted again. The net result of light refraction at these two boundaries is that the light ray's direction has changed. Light rays are refracted in such a way that images are formed as a result of the lens's unique geometric shape.

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S
Size
Is the image larger, smaller, or the same size as the object?

A
Attitude
Is the object right side up (upright) or upside down (inverted)?

L
Location
Is the image in front of, or behind the mirror?
Is the image closer or further away from the mirror than the object?

T
Type
Real Image
The image can be captured on a screen
Virtual Image
The image can only be seen looking into the object.

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Color in physics, colour is specifically associated with electromagnetic energy of a specific wavelength range noticeable to the human eye. Radiation of such wavelengths creates the visible spectrum, which is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Color filters are typically made from transparent pieces of dyed glass, plastic, or lacquered gelatin that have been handled to selectively transmit certain wavelengths while restricting others. Today, the two most common types of filters are absorption filters, which absorb undesired wavelengths, and interference filters, which remove selected wavelengths through internal destructive interference and reflection. Regardless of the filter construction, a small amount of incident light is reflected from the surface and a small portion of the light is absorbed. However, these artefacts are usually minor and do not interfere with the filter's primary function.

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Because the speed of light changes significantly as it travels from air into the cornea, the cornea provides roughly two-thirds of the power of the eye. The remaining power required to generate an image on the retina is provided by the lens. Even though light rays pass through several layers of material such as the cornea, aqueous humor, several layers in the lens, and vitreous humor, changing direction at each interface, the cornea and lens can be treated as a single thin lens. The resulting image is similar to that produced by a single convex lens. Images formed in the eye are inverted, but the brain inverts them again to appear upright. Light rays from a given distance can diverge and still enter the eye, the lens for close vision must be stronger than the lens for distant vision. The action of the ciliary muscle surrounding the lens causes it to thicken, causing it to become more converging. When viewing distant objects, the eye is most relaxed, which is why microscopes and telescopes are designed to produce distant images.

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Radio Waves - Your radio picks up radio waves emitted by radio stations and transmits them to you, allowing you to listen to your favorite music. Stars and gases in space also emit radio waves.

Microwaves - Microwave radiation not only cooks popcorn quickly but is also used by astronomers to learn about the structure of nearby galaxies.

Infrared - Night vision goggles detect infrared light emitted by our skin and hot objects. In space, infrared light aids in the mapping of dust between stars.

Visible Light - Visible light is detected by our eyes. Visible light is emitted by fireflies, light bulbs, and stars.

Ultraviolet - The Sun emits ultraviolet radiation, which causes the skin to tan and burn. UV radiation is also emitted by "hot" objects in space.

X-Rays - X-rays are used by dentists to image your teeth, and airport security uses them to search your luggage. Hot gases in the Universe emit X-rays as well.

Gamma Rays - Gamma-ray imaging is used by doctors to see inside your body. The Universe is the most powerful gamma-ray generator of all.