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We invited anyone we know
Take a day off - poser un jour

Status - classement - level / ability

En plain soleil - under the sun
j'ai cherché - I looked up
c'est blindé - it's packed
on a dressé les tables - we set the tables with white tablecloths
au final - in the end
ils ont mangé débout - they ate standing up
on devrait prévoir - we should envisage to +verb
ça aurait été mieux - it would have been better

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Played by humans, chess is a game of strategic thinking, calm concentration and patient intellectual endeavour. Violence does not usually come into it. The same, it seems, cannot always be said of machines.

Last week, according to Russian media outlets, a chess-playing robot, apparently unsettled by the quick responses of a seven-year-old boy, unceremoniously grabbed and broke his finger during a match at the Moscow Open.

"The robot broke the child's finger," Sergey Lazarev, president of the Moscow Chess Federation, told the TASS news agency after the incident, adding that the machine had played many previous exhibitions without upset. "This is of course bad."

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Video of the 19 July incident published by the Baza Telegram channel shows the boy's finger being pinched by the robotic arm for several seconds before a woman followed by three men rush in, free him and usher him away.

Sergey Smagin, vice-president of the Russian Chess Federation, told Baza the robot appeared to pounce after it took one of the boy's pieces. Rather than waiting for the machine to complete its move, the boy opted for a quick riposte, he said.

"There are certain safety rules and the child, apparently, violated them. When he made his move, he did not realise he first had to wait," Smagin said. "This is an extremely rare case, the first I can recall," he added.

Lazarev had a different account, saying the child had "made a move, and after that we need to give time for the robot to answer, but the boy hurried and the robot grabbed him". Either way, he said, the robot's suppliers were "going to have to think again".

Baza named the boy as Christopher and said he was one of the 30 best chess players in the Russian capital in the under-nines category. "People rushed to help and pulled out the finger of the young player, but the fracture could not be avoided," it said.

Lazarev told Tass that Christopher, whose finger was put in a plaster cast, did not seem overly traumatised by the attack. "The child played the very next day, finished the tournament, and volunteers helped to record the moves," he said.

His parents, however, have reportedly contacted the public prosecutor's office. "We will communicate, figure it out and try to help in any way we can," he said. Smagin told RIA Novosti the incident was "a coincidence" and the robot was "absolutely safe".

The machine, which can play multiple matches at a time and had reportedly already played three on the day it encountered Christopher, was "unique", he said. "It has performed at many opens. Apparently, children need to be warned. It happens."

A Russian grandmaster, Sergey Karjakin, said the incident was no doubt due to "some kind of software error or something", adding: "This has never happened before. There are such accidents. I wish the boy good health."

Christopher may have been lucky. While robots are becoming more and more sophisticated, with the most modern models capable not just of interacting but actively cooperating with humans, most simply repeat the same basic actions - grab, move, put down - and neither know nor care if people get in the way.

According to one 2015 study, one person is killed each year by an industrial robot in the US alone. Indeed, according to the US occupational safety administration, most occupational accidents since 2000 involving robots have been fatalities.

Robert Williams, widely considered the first, was crushed to death by the arm of a one-tonne robot on Ford's Michigan production line in 1979. In 2015, a robot killed a 22-year old contractor at one of Volkswagen's German plants, grabbing him and crushing him against a metal plate.

Robots used in medical surgery were also held responsible for the deaths of 144 people between 2008 and 2013. More recently, Elaine Herzberg was killed by an Uber autonomous car that hit the 49-year-old at 40mph as she was crossing the road in Tempe, Arizona in 2018.

Generally, however, human error - or a lack of human understanding of robotic processes - is the most frequent cause. It pays to be careful around robots, even if they are only playing chess.

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Chess robot grabs and breaks finger of seven-year-old opponent

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Played by humans, chess is a game of strategic thinking, calm concentration and patient intellectual endeavour. Violence does not usually come into it. The same, it seems, cannot always be said of machines. Last week, according to Russian media outlets, a chess-playing robot, apparently unsettled by the quick responses of a seven-year-old boy, unceremoniously grabbed and broke his finger during a match at the Moscow Open.

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https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jun/12/the-guardian-view-on-policing-protest-the-wrong-approach

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rotest takes many forms. Demonstrations can be planned far in advance, with routes negotiated with police and local authorities. Other protests are more spontaneous. The vigil held in south London on 13 March last year, 10 days after Sarah Everard went missing and one day after a serving police officer was charged with kidnap and murder, belongs in the second category. The outpouring of horror that followed Ms Everard's abduction near Clapham Common, and the revelation that a police officer was thought to be responsible, gave rise to a plan for women to gather in a public display of grief and anger.

It reflects appallingly on the Metropolitan police that, 15 months later, the force continues to pursue those involved in a way that looks vindictive. The criminal convictions and fines given last week to three of those who attended the vigil, for breaking Covid laws, are an affront to those who felt strongly about Ms Everard's murder, and other recent police failures. That proceedings were conducted in secret compounds this insult, as does the Met's absurd defence of its heavy-handed tactics with claims the gathering was "anti-police". Three others who attended the Sarah Everard vigil have court dates later this month.

The Met's blunders following Ms Everard's murder have greatly exacerbated tensions. In March the force lost a case brought against it by four women who formed the Reclaim These Streets campaign group and tried to organise a socially distanced vigil. The high court ruled that the force acted illegally in banning the event and threatening the women with £10,000 fines.

That judgment should have been an opportunity for the force to take a step back and consider whether it would have been better to work with activists to enable a socially distanced vigil to go ahead, rather than banning it and setting the stage for the less orderly gathering that took place. There is no question that the days immediately following Wayne Couzens' arrest were a challenging period for officers as well as the public - and particularly for young women who found it all too easy to imagine themselves in Ms Everard's position.

Instead, the Met sought leave to appeal not once but twice, with its final attempt turned down by the court of appeal last month. This was another chance to draw a line, perhaps to issue a statement acknowledging difficult circumstances that should have been handled differently. Again, the force did not take it.

The impression left by the decision to press ahead with prosecutions of six people who went to last March's protest is that the Met is not only unable to accept criticism, but determined to punish those who have the temerity to stand up to it. The decision not to fine the prime minister for attending events that broke Covid laws during the same period casts the harsh approach to those who attended a vigil in an even worse light.

There are many other reasons to be disturbed by the Met's recent record, particularly its handling of race issues, as well as the new curbs imposed by the government on the right to protest. But the clumsy, aggressive handling of the public reaction to Ms Everard's murder leaves a particular stain. On the basis of its current actions, the force has little hope of shifting it.

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The Guardian view on policing protest: the wrong approach | Editorial

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rotest takes many forms. Demonstrations can be planned far in advance, with routes negotiated with police and local authorities. Other protests are more spontaneous. The vigil held in south London on 13 March last year, 10 days after Sarah Everard went missing and one day after a serving police officer was charged with kidnap and murder, belongs in the second category.

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https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jun/05/platinum-jubilee-celebrations-through-guardian-lenses

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Driving around Cornwall on Saturday, you'd have thought the Queen's Jubilee had been cancelled. Bunting was hard to find, fancy dress was nowhere to be seen and, due to the grim weather, only a smattering of people braved the street lunch in Falmouth where free Cornish pasties were being doled out.

Ironically, as I returned home to my local village, the weather eased and I found a proper street party in full flow. The highlight was a wetsuit boot "wanging" competition, with people young and old lobbing the boot as far up the street as they could.

Mary-Anne Revill's effort was comical - somehow she flung the boot backwards into the crowd.

Later on, I headed to a beach party in Holywell Bay organised by the local surf lifesaving club. Once again, people didn't seem to care much about the jubilee - it was just an excuse to head to the beach for sunset. How very Cornish.

Top: Sally Main, Jim Main and Averil Billing at a beach party at Holywell Bay in CornwallBottom: Charlie (blue and white jumper) and Jenson (blue and red jumper) enjoy a Falmouth street party

Above: Sally Main, Jim Main and Averil Billing at a beach party at Holywell Bay in Cornwall, organised by the local surf lifesaving club.

Below: Charlie (blue and white jumper) and Jenson (blue and red jumper) enjoy a Falmouth street party.

At events such as these, what I'm always most interested in as a photographer is people-watching.

It was a pleasure on Thursday hanging out in the huge crowd at Trafalgar Square. After two years of Covid fears , and before that the fractious divisiveness of Brexit, it was such a pleasure to see a good-natured calm crowd enjoying the sun and the collective experience.

Visually, I found myself most interested in the many young people who'd been taken there by their parents, presumably to "experience history". It occurred to me that for many of us in the crowd, this may well be our last jubilee event but would probably be just the first for the younger spectators.

In Trafalgar Square, the crowd was enormous, the largest I've ever seen in central London, and - about 90 minutes before the flypast - it became pretty much impossible to move.

I was very tickled to see three bemused and masked American tourists trying to navigate their huge suitcases towards Whitehall. I asked them what they were doing and they said they had just arrived from Heathrow and were trying to get to their hotel and seemed very surprised by the event they'd wandered into, asking me: "Do you guys do this a lot over here?"

At St Paul's on Friday, outside of the service of celebration I was most struck by a family with two brothers clinging to a narrow ledge on a pillar trying to get a better view of the royal arrivals.

I spoke to their grandmother who said they were the Chung family and were first-, second- and third-generation Jamaican immigrants with mixed Jamaican, Chinese, German and Scottish heritage.

She said she was very proud to be British but always had the national motto of Jamaica in her mind - "Out of many, one people" - when thinking of her family's Britishness and multicultural roots.

Above: flagging jubilee celebrations in London on Friday.

Below: two flags, one hat and a huge smile.

Among the vibrant parties and picnics I have witnessed this weekend in South Wales, what struck me the most was this palpable sense of renewed community cohesion that was evident everywhere I went - where inclusion and conversation were as abundant as the teacups, cake and, surprisingly, sunsets that flooded the scenes I observed.

It was refreshing to be among communities that, for at least this weekend, put aside societal or neighbourly differences, and really talked to each other.

It was summed up by a conversation I had with a street party attendee who said: "For many years, I've only exchanged passing pleasantries with some of my neighbours, but today I talked to them for the first time."

Above: families come together at Penarth Cliff Tops for the lighting of beacons on Thursday that started the platinum jubilee celebrations.

Below: Lorna Sylvester paints the face of children attending a street party at Woodland Place in Penarth.

I was kindly invited to board a boat called Old Guilder, taking part in a river pageant on the Thames.

It was a magical spectacle. The river banks were lined with people waving. Riverfront gardens hosted little parties or solitary figures stood, formally - one in particular saluting the life-size cardboard cutout of the Queen that was on our boat.

I was standing next to the cutout for much of the journey and found myself waving back, surprisingly emotional and, indeed, almost believing I was royalty.

As is tradition on my home turf, the Kirby Estate in Bermondsey laid on an incredible display of union jacks. They certainly know how to party, and I've already had my invite to watch the World Cup celebrations in November.

Above: residents of the Kirby estate in Bermondsey, south London, were in jubilant mood for their platinum jubilee party.

Below: children on the Kirby estate watch the party activities.

I am a republican at heart and overall very indifferent to the idea of monarchy. But the photographer in me was relishing the large crowds I knew would gather in central London for the platinum jubilee.

I arrived at the Mall early on Thursday and likewise at St Paul's on Friday. One of the great joys of big events like the jubilee is that I can wander aimlessly around the crowd pretty much totally unnoticed.

It is one of those times when the presence of the camera-wielding media is expected and ignored. I enjoy watching people as they watch something else. The craning of the necks to get a better view, the clambering on to railings, walls and trees to get find a vantage point.

And the weariness of a long day waiting. The parents struggling to keep their kids interested.

I am also fascinated by how many people use their smartphones as an extension of their eyes. I sometimes bemoan the fact that people don't enjoy the moment as they are caught up in recording it, something that we photographers experience a lot.

I saw none of the pageantry on the Mall or the great and the good ascending the steps of St Paul's. Instead I saw people, citizens and tourists, trying to enjoy a once-in-a-lifetime experience.

People will ask if I saw Harry and Meghan but I will reply that instead I saw three generations of an Afro-Caribbean family trying to get a glimpse of Harry and Meghan, and that is the way I like it.

Above: Beverly and Noel Chung and their grandchildren watch the parade and events at St Paul's.

Below: Amy and Malie from Pembrokeshire, Wales watch the events at St Paul's from atop a red postbox.

There was jubilee jubilance and celebration here in Glasgow over the bank holiday weekend, but it was largely due to the fact that the sun came out for the very first time.

One of Glasgow's best attributes is people's enthusiasm for sunshine. Folk were out and about in their droves, but you were hard-pressed to see a union jack being waved about or a Victoria sponge.

The power of football here (Celtic v Rangers) seems to still be so divisive that it feels slightly controversial to celebrate either way. However, I did visit two of the only street parties in the area, and the sense of community and inclusivity was warm, inviting and really enjoyable.

I had some delicious mince and tatties, and I always love to hear the commanding sound of the bagpipes. I'm fairly sure Glasgow is the only place that had a techno dance party in the middle of the day to celebrate the queen.

Above: Possilpark parish church held a party for the jubilee with free food plus crafts and games for children.

Below: Glasgow - Rutherglen west and Wardlawhill church parishioners celebrate with trifle and bagpipes in a vibrant street party.

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Platinum jubilee celebrations through Guardian lenses

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Driving around Cornwall on Saturday, you'd have thought the Queen's Jubilee had been cancelled. Bunting was hard to find, fancy dress was nowhere to be seen and, due to the grim weather, only a smattering of people braved the street lunch in Falmouth where free Cornish pasties were being doled out.

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We wanted to cheer up my cousin (changer les idées)
outsource- faire appel à une prestateur exterieur

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https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jun/05/platinum-jubilee-pageant-mixes-british-eccentricity-with-a-touch-of-chaos

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orget Diana Ross, Rod Stewart and Elton John phoning in an appearance from abroad. It was always going to be a hard act to follow Paddington Bear and the corgi light show at Saturday night's party at the palace. But the royal family had decided that there had to be four days of platinum jubilee celebrations, and so the show had to go on. This time to a pageant that at times looked as if it had been organised by Prince Edward for It's a Royal Knockout.

The BBC's coverage began an hour and a half early at 1pm and presenter Kirsty Young initially looked as if she could not face another day of having to ask random guests about why the monarchy was so important both to them and the nation. She had already heard just about every possible answer, most of which were variations on duty, service and no one having come up with anything better.

But Young is a class act - I've missed her while she's been ill - and she soon got into gear, somehow teasing the best out of the most unlikely of people. Cliff Richard, looking at least half his age and wearing a hideous union jack blazer, initially sounded rather miffed not to have been invited to play at the gig the night before and to be demoted to a bit part on a bus, but Young coaxed him into smiling at his incoherence on meeting the Queen. She then got Len Goodman to reveal that his nan had had a corgi named Brenda. Seriously. The only person to prove charm-resistant was Sebastian Coe. But then he always has been insufferable.

With the rain holding off - the weather had had second thoughts about declaring itself a diehard republican - the show got under way with the gold state coach that had been used for the coronation back in 1953 being pulled up the Mall. It then passed in front of the royal box, where Prince Charles stood to take the salute of a hologram of his mother aged 26 in the back of the carriage. A truly surreal moment. Though not as weird as if the Queen had been well enough to attend and had had to wave to a digital version of her younger self.

Still no one in the stands seemed to think there was anything odd about it. Or if they did, they kept quiet. Then the audience seemed more silent than over the past few days, as if they too were all partied out and had said all they wanted about the royal family already. The numerous empty seats went completely unremarked upon by Clare Balding and the other commentators and no one could be even bothered to boo Boris Johnson this time round. That level of apathy.

The next 40 minutes were a bit of a struggle all round as various members of the armed services marched past. It was like Thursday's mind-numbing trooping the colour with all the fun bits taken out. The commentary reached desperation stakes with the highlight being an anecdote about royal marines polishing their pith helmets with Blanco for the coronation and getting their faces and uniforms covered in white paint. Balding then insisted that Tom Cruise did all his own stunts, which presumably means he can fly supersonic jets and land them on aircraft carriers. At this, the military band started playing what sounded like Advance Australia Fair. Which was random.

Things picked up with a procession of bicycles from the 1950s to the present day - I really wanted a Raleigh Chopper in the early 1970s - and then we got a series of buses representing each decade of the Queen's reign. Cliff appeared with Bill and Ben the Flowerpot Men on the 1950s bus and Lulu, now on comms, wistfully said: "Ah, the decade of free love" as the 1960s bus went past. Though it was a highly selective take on what each decade had to offer. No one seemed to have noticed that the 1950s was a time of rationing and the 1970s was the era of the three-day week. Aids, the financial crash, austerity, Brexit and food banks also didn't get a mention. I'm sure it was just an oversight.

Thereafter things rather fell apart as the parade lapsed into near chaos. Or to give it a more positive spin, this was Britain unwinding after being on its best behaviour for three days and indulging its eccentricity to the max. It looked like a carnival that was far more fun to participate in than to actually watch. Not that it didn't have its charms. There was diversity aplenty with an Indian wedding, a whole load of African wildlife puppets, farmyard animals and some dancing flowers.

There was also a Lady Godiva from Coventry with her top on, thankfully, and a princess and a dragon that apparently represented the Queen's "wisdom personified". Over my head, that one. My favourites were the toy corgis that were suitably badly behaved and darted around the Mall as if they were out of their heads on magic mushrooms. No matter. We were repeatedly told that everyone in the Commonwealth loved Britain and the Queen. At no time did anyone attempt to address Britain's difficult history of empire. This was a white-washed island story. One for the biscuit tins.

"The rest of the world will be in awe of us watching this," said one commentator, hyperventilating on laughing gas. This wasn't a country celebrating its monarch so much as one making a virtue of its own collective psychosis. Maybe that's even what the royal family have come to represent at the end of the day. Because up in the royal box, all the royal family seemed to be having a real blast. The more dysfunctional the parade got, the more they seemed to like it. Charles was beaming and even the buttoned-up Princess Anne was laughing and clapping along.

A quick number from Ed Sheeran rounded things off and then the Queen appeared briefly on the Buck House balcony along with Charles and Camilla and the Cambridge family. She managed a quick smile before hurrying indoors as soon as possible. Was this the jubilee she had always wanted for herself? No one would ever know. But then she's spent a lifetime not giving much away.

It did feel like the end of an era, though. That things will have to change when Charles becomes king. That the country's pact with the Queen doesn't extend to the rest of her family. There again, we could all be back in four years' time for the Queen's 100th birthday party. And the year after that for the second diamond jubilee.

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Platinum jubilee pageant mixes British eccentricity with a touch of chaos

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orget Diana Ross, Rod Stewart and Elton John phoning in an appearance from abroad. It was always going to be a hard act to follow Paddington Bear and the corgi light show at Saturday night's party at the palace.

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corbatures - sore muscles
fièvre - fever
mal de gorge - sore throat / sore back
nez bouché - blocked nose
toux - cough
Je me suis presque evanouie- I nearly fainted
I felt really weak, I had to go to bed

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https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/b1-reading/planning-an-event

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Read a dialogue where three people negotiate who does what to achieve a task.

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1. q. If she hadn't missed so many classes, what would she have been able to do?
a. If she hadn't missed so many classes, she would have been able to do an internship.

2. q. What would I have done if I hadn't missed the bus?
a.If I hadn't missed the bus, I would have been on time for work.

3. q. What would I have done if I'd had a party?
a. If I'd had a party, I would have bought a new dress

4. a. Who would you have called if you had been arrested?
q. I would have called my mum if I had been arrested?

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1st conditional
=certitude
ex: if you drink water, you will be hydrated
(si tu bois de l'eau tu seras hydraté)
if+ infinitive, will+ infinitive

2nd
= hypothesis that we could realise
ex: if you drank water, you would be hydrated
(si tu buvais de l'eau, tu serais hydraté)
if+preterite, would + infinitive

3rd
=actions from the past we did not complete
ex: if you had drunk water, your would not have been dehydrated (si tu avais bu de l'eau tu ne serais pas dehydraté)
if +had+ participe passé , would have + participe passé

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Ideally, there would be chicken skewers, little prawns, and finger food presented beatifully.

The chicken skewers are very delicious, they are quite sought after (recherché voulu)

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https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/apr/24/how-rihanna-changed-pregnancy-style-maternity-wear

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alking through the streets of Harlem in January, accompanied by partner A$AP Rocky and wearing an open coat to reveal her baby bump covered in jewels, Rihanna didn't just tell the world she was pregnant.

"She democratised the celebrity pregnancy reveal," says Karen Hearn, curator of Portraying Pregnancy, a 2020 exhibition at the Foundling Museum in London.

"The innovation was to make the announcement by going out with an obvious baby bump [wearing] clothing that accentuated that, and to be seen by as many people as possible," adds Hearn, who is also an honorary professor at University College London.

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Rihanna's Instagram post of this event, captioned "how the gang pulled up to black history month", has been liked over 18m times. Working with stylist Jahleel Weaver, the star has continued to put her bump front and centre on social media feeds and in celebrity coverage. She has worn see-through lace lingerie to a fashion show, an organza gown to Jay-Z's Oscars party, and boxer shorts and a robe out to dinner. The cover of April's Vogue, released last week, is arguably the culmination of these looks - with Rihanna and bump starring in a red lace Alaia catsuit, photographed by Annie Leibovitz.

Speaking to the Vogue journalist Chioma Nnadi, Rihanna said that centering the bump was always the plan. "I'm hoping that we were able to redefine what's considered 'decent' for pregnant women," she said. "My body is doing incredible things right now, and I'm not going to be ashamed of that. This time should feel celebratory. Because why should you be hiding your pregnancy?"

Rihanna and A$AP Rocky on 28 February 2022 in Paris, France. Photograph: Pascal Le Segretain/Getty Images

In recent years, there have been many internet-breaking pregnancy "reveals" - Beyoncé and flower crown in 2017, for example, or Nicki Minaj's bikini and platform heels in 2020. There have been red carpet moments - the much-memed Kim Kardashian in floral dress at the Met Ball in 2012, and singer MIA in polkadots at the Grammys in 2009.

The naked baby bump, meanwhile, has been a trope in fashion since Demi Moore appeared on the cover of Vanity Fair in 1991. But what is different here is what Hearn calls an "accessibility". Most of these looks are Rihanna's everyday outfits - they aren't part of a pre-approved photo shoot or dress-up moment.

"When everyone was freaking out about her showing off her belly I just laughed," says Sheena Ward, the editor of Rihanna fashion Instagram account, Haus of Rihanna. "This is Rihanna we're talking about. Always a trendsetter, always a risk-taker, constantly pushing boundaries - of course she's dressing this way."

Rihanna celebrates the launch of Fenty Beauty on 12 March 2022 in Los Angeles, California. Photograph: Kevin Mazur/Getty Images for Fenty Beauty by Rihanna

The maternity wear market is worth $21.6b in 2021, and expected to reach $41.3bn by 2031. Inevitably, Rihanna is influencing trends. In March, Pinterest told Input that since she announced her pregnancy, searches for "lace maternity gown" are up 40% and lots of people have searched specifically for "Rihanna maternity style".

"She is pushing the concept of what a pregnancy wardrobe can include," says Ashlee Neuman, content director at pregnancy site Thebump.com. "Up until now, crop tops, lowrise jeans and sheer fabrics haven't been a mainstay of maternity wear."

If this trend for crop tops had been growing, Rihanna's endorsement provided the tipping point. Ariane Goldman, the founder of the easy elegant maternity brand Hatch, says they had "a real lift in sales" when Rihanna wore their best-selling $38 Skin to Skin bra this month. "Now it just seems so relevant to have something where you can show your belly," says Grace Kapin, the co-founder of Storq - a kind of Everlane of maternity wear. "Prior to this season, it just would have been much farther afield for somebody to imagine an everyday human [doing that]."

Of course, most pregnant women don't have a team creating bespoke outfits for their third trimester and many don't have a smooth ride. "Not everybody is feeling great, and I don't think anybody should feel the burden to show their body," says Kapin. But a lot of Rihanna's influence is less about clothes specifically, and more a change in mood.

"She is pushing the idea that it's OK to still enjoy the fashion styles you loved wearing prior to becoming pregnant," adds Venesa Coger, style and culture specialist for Refinery29's Unbothered.

Vogue's Chioma Nnadi argues that Rihanna's approach to pregnancy has shifted perceptions of black motherhood: "For Black expectant mothers in particular, it stood as an awe-inspiring act of defiance," she writes. The Cleveland based fashion historian and curator Darnell-Jamal Lisby agrees. He says that thanks to "historical tropes and stereotypes around Black mothers", society does not see them as "capable of rising to the occasion of mothering". Lisby also acknowledges that an added pressure comes from the responsibility Black families feel about "psychologically arming their children with protocol that will keep them safe in a world that historically negates Black lives". Against this backdrop, Rihanna is a symbol of "a certain level of strength that define[s] the extraordinary essence of Black women".

Hiding in plain sight

That Rihanna's pregnancy style has inspired such analysis speaks to the complicated history of pregnancy and style in the west.

Women have hidden their pregnancy for centuries - first behind closed doors in confinement, and more recently in concealing clothing to hide a "condition" which was seen as embarrassing.

Lucille Ball was the first celebrity to show her bump on TV in 1952; Jackie Kennedy wore empire-line tailoring for her public pregnancies; flowing dresses worked for more bohemian 60s types such as Yoko Ono and Jane Birkin. The 1980s saw Princess Diana and Fergie in strangely infantalising tent-like dresses but the decade also delivered a standout pregnancy fashion moment: singer Neneh Cherry on the British TV show Top of the Pops in 1988, seven months pregnant, and in a bodycon dress and bomber jacket.

Neneh Cherry. Photograph: Youtube

Yet pregnant women have been almost completely absent in fashion until recent years. New York's Collina Strada, which has always had inclusive casting, has used pregnant models on the catwalk, as have labels including Eckhaus Latta and Nensi Dojaka. Model Slick Woods was nine months pregnant when she walked at Rihanna's Savage Fenty show in 2018.

Designer Dimitras Petsa featured multiple pregnant models in her fall collection, and she custom-made her stretchy "wet" dresses for Gigi Hadid and Nicki Minaj while they were pregnant. She says any controversy over exposing pregnant bodies is part of a wider problem: "A lot of fashion is unfortunately centred around making you look skinnier ... and having a completely flat belly. Being pregnant is the complete antithesis of that." Rihanna's pregnancy style, she argues, is another chapter in the star's promotion of body positivity. "If you look at her style before she was even pregnant, like you can see that her body actually has fluctuated a lot over the years," says Petsa. "She has never tried to go against that ... I really love that about her."

Of course, the other sector relevant here is children's wear - with the global market estimated at $202.7b in 2022. When Rihanna and A$AP Rocky's baby is born, what they wear will be highly anticipated. "I know that baby will probably be one of the best dressed babies of this century," says Lisby. "I would be shocked if it was anything less than red carpet-ready Instagram posts."

Is a Fenty Baby line only a matter of time? "I can definitely see that happening in the future," says Haus of Rihanna's Ward. "You can tell Rihanna really loves kids. I could see her getting inspiration from dressing her own child to create a baby line and further expand her empire."

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'A symbol of strength': how Rihanna's bump has changed pregnancy style

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alking through the streets of Harlem in January, accompanied by partner A$AP Rocky and wearing an open coat to reveal her baby bump covered in jewels, Rihanna didn't just tell the world she was pregnant. "She democratised the celebrity pregnancy reveal," says Karen Hearn, curator of Portraying Pregnancy, a 2020 exhibition at the Foundling Museum in London.

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https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/17/salt-spat-highlights-canadian-national-parks-troubling-history

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or years, Melissa Daniels has been travelling to the vast wilds of northern Alberta to harvest naturally occurring salts on lands her ancestors once hunted and fished. She blends the salt with wildflowers from the woods and sells it in small batches.

But Canada's national park agency recently ordered her to stop, in a move that has angered her community and highlighted the park's troubling history.

For thousands of years, the Denésuliné people hunted and trapped the sprawling boreal forest straddling Alberta and the Northwest Territories. But in 1922 they were forcefully evicted as Canada began creating what would eventually become the sprawling 4.5m hectare Wood Buffalo national park.

Daniels, who runs the wellness company Naidie Nezu ("Good Medicine", in the Dene language) still returns to those lands and takes roughly four litres of the salt each year.

But in a recent letter, Parks Canada told her she would not be allowed to continue. "Being that the salt flats ... are within the boundaries of Wood Buffalo national park, this is problematic," the letter read. "We ask that salt from the park stay in the park and not be sold as an ingredient in the bath blend or other products."

Location of Wood Buffalo national park

The Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation chief, Allan Adam, said Parks Canada had never atoned for the actions against his people or fully compensated them for the loss of their homeland. Allan said the letter to Daniels was "another reminder that Canada is still in the very early days of reconciliation".

Parks Canada said traditional harvesting of salt for personal use was allowed and was a common practice in the park, but commercial harvesting was not permitted. The agency said it regretted not using dialogue with Indigenous partners on this issue.

Wood Buffalo is one of the world's biggest parks and is a critical habitat for the largest free-roaming buffalo population on earth. Its watershed is the only untouched breeding ground for endangered whooping cranes.

It became a world heritage site in 1983 but Unesco has recently expressed concerns that the Canadian government is failing in its stewardship of the park.

In addition to environmental degradation within the park and the growing threat of resource extraction projects along its borders, a recently published report documents how the Denésuliné people suffered when they were ordered out of the area. Elders tell stories of burned-down cabins and a loss of access to their hunting grounds.

The salt plains of Wood Buffalo national park. Photograph: All Canada Photos/Alamy

One resident, Charlie Mercredi, told the report's authors that the creation of the park wasn't right because "people should come first before the bison". Mercredi said: "The park doesn't want to acknowledge that they did wrong to us because compensation-wise they would have to pay lots."

Another, Leslie Wiltzen, spoke about growing up knowing that the land that had been inhabited and hunted by her ancestors for thousands of years was off-limits. "How do you describe that in words?"

While national parks across the continent have been heralded as a conservation victory in preserving vast swaths of wilderness and ecologically sensitive areas, some come with a dark history.

"People being forced off their land in the name of conservation is also part of colonialism and while fronting the climate crisis will require a switch from 'dirty' to 'clean' power, it also demands a radical reconfiguration of environmental power dynamics," Naidie Nezu, Daniels' company, said in a post on Instagram. "Colonialism is colonialism is colonialism."

Daniels wrote that she was undeterred by the warning and would not stop producing her "illegal" salt. "Each time you choose to support Naidie Nezu and soak in our forbidden bath salts, you're soaking in a century worth of reparations," she said.

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Salt spat highlights Canadian national park's troubling history

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or years, Melissa Daniels has been travelling to the vast wilds of northern Alberta to harvest naturally occurring salts on lands her ancestors once hunted and fished. She blends the salt with wildflowers from the woods and sells it in small batches.

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HW - 1. Second present tense activity 2. Tell me about your cosmetics, do you use any ecological products?

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HW - 1. Second present tense activity 2. Tell me about your cosmetics, do you use any ecological products?

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Dear Hannah,

If you want to come to my workplace by transportation from CDG airport, you should take the RER B to Chatelet les Halles, and then take the Metro 1 to George V.

When you are on the Champs-Elysée, you have to walk down the street and turn right into Rue Lincoln. We are at number 12.

Under the porch take the door on the left and press the button under the number to open the door.

We are on the 4th floor.

See you soon,

Claudia

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https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/mar/19/ditch-single-use-lipsticks-make-like-rihanna-and-embrace-refillables

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aving just run down a posh lip balm sample in three weeks flat, leaving its plastic canister fit only for recycling, I'm wondering how much longer brands can excuse their selling of non-reusable lipsticks, and how we as consumers can justify our decision to buy cheaper single-use ones over only initially costlier refillables.

Because truly, we're spoiled for choice. Rihanna's commitment to refillable beauty (much of her Fenty skin line already uses a snap-in refill pod system) has now extended to lip colour, with the launch of Icon, 10 new, creamy, semi-matte lipstick bullets that click in and out of a metallic hexagonal case (they're £28 for a complete lipstick, £18 a refill thereafter).

The formula is moisturising, packed with bold pigment (even the neutrals - Pose Queen is a rich, expensive-looking caramel; Scholar Sista makes rose seem less of a cop-out) and reasonably long-lasting. When one has been swiped to the nub, out comes the tiny plastic cartridge for recycling and in goes the fresh stick.

There's nothing particularly revolutionary about refillable lipsticks, of course (props to Guerlain, which was doggedly selling its heirloom-worthy Rouge G bullets and luxury cases years before forever lipsticks were cool). But the adoption of refillables by major players such as Rihanna may well prove influential to brands yet to bite.

Before Rihanna was Hourglass, whose all-vegan refillable Confession lipsticks are still among the best designed. If you like to keep a whole wardrobe of shades in constant rotation, these are your best bet, since the individually covered refills (£22) snap in and out so quickly and neatly as to become interchangeable. You'll probably need never buy more than one case (£35 for the whole thing).

I wonder how long brands - and we as consumers - can excuse the selling of non-reusable lipsticks

Christian Dior's first-ever lipstick was refillable, but like everything else, lasting quality made way for disposables for several decades and only recently has Dior rejoined the long game.

( pictured) comes in 75 shades and four finishes, and the everlasting tube can even be engraved with your initials. You'll certainly find a shade to suit, but I urge you toward the reds, as they include Dior's famous 999, a pillar-box paint in a matte, satin, velvet or metallic finish, and the less famous (but more my poison, since it's more orangey) Strong Red. Both look terrific against otherwise simple spring makeup. The whole kit and caboodle is £32, then £25.50 to refill when the bullet is spent.

Sign up to our Inside Saturday newsletter for an exclusive behind the scenes look at the making of the magazine's biggest features, as well as a curated list of our weekly highlights.

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Ditch single-use lipsticks - make like Rihanna and embrace refillables | Sali Hughes

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aving just run down a posh lip balm sample in three weeks flat, leaving its plastic canister fit only for recycling, I'm wondering how much longer brands can excuse their selling of non-reusable lipsticks, and how we as consumers can justify our decision to buy cheaper single-use ones over only initially costlier refillables.

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https://www.stylist.co.uk/life/nasa-horoscope-star-sign-zodiac-ophiuchus-personality-astrology-astronomy/248217

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https://hillaryrobyn.com/2019/07/29/dr-google-the-future-of-medical-care/

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California's nightlife is going back into lockdown amid renewed spikes of coronavirus cases -- something the L.A. bar and club scene might not be able to survive ... TMZ has learned.

If you live in the Golden State, you probably heard about Gov. Gavin Newsom once again ordering the closure of bars and clubs in 19 counties -- including Los Angeles County, where those venues had just started to open back up after months of lockdown.

#COVID19 continues to spread at an alarming rate.

Effective immediately, 19 counties must close indoors operations for the following sectors:

- Restaurants
- Wineries
- Movie theaters & family entertainment
- Zoos, museums
- Cardrooms

Bars must close ALL operations.
- Gavin Newsom (@GavinNewsom) July 1, 2020@GavinNewsom

Newsom also said folks couldn't do indoor dine-in service at restaurants -- so even if a bar serves grub, it's a nonstarter. Fact is ... Newsom had no option. The virus is out of control.

Nevertheless ... it's a big problem for lots of bars and clubs -- especially smaller ones that were ramping up to get back into the game ... only to get shut down for a second time.

John Arakaki, who owns St. Felix -- a couple of stylish bars that have been functioning in the Hollywood area for the past 11 years -- says he quickly went through 60 percent of his government loans on safety training, staff payroll, cleaning the kitchen and everything in between. When he reopened 3 weeks ago, he was able to break even after factoring in all his revenue and expenses. He was hoping to turn the corner during the 4th weekend, but that's not going to happen. He says if he's down for 3 more weeks, survival looks bleak.

Cat & The Fiddle -- a West Hollywood pub -- reopened its doors Monday ... just to have everything shut down again 2 days later. The owner spent 5 to 10 thousand dollars in the past couple weeks on face masks, safety training for their staff, and beer and food inventory.

Heck, even popular Hollywood hot spots like Bootsy Bellows and Poppy -- two popular WeHo clubs -- are on the ropes -- they were ramping up for a big 4th of July, and that's now money down the drain. They say they can survive, but that's a relative term.

Some of the restaurant and club owners are especially frustrated because they feel the second shutdown order came from out of the blue. The reality ... the COVID numbers were on the rise for many days, and at a point, the shutdown was only a matter of time.

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Hollywood Bar & Club Scene on Verge of Collapse After New Closure

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California's nightlife is going back into lockdown amid renewed spikes of coronavirus cases -- something the L.A. bar and club scene might not be able to survive ... TMZ has learned. If you live in the Golden State, you probably heard about Gov.

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True connoisseurs know that the best-tasting wine is Uncle Fyodor's Grape-Infused Bulgarian-Style Ethanol Water, sold for 75 cents a can at whichever of your local convenience stores gets robbed most often. But the most expensive and therefore truly best wine comes from France, and particularly from Burgundy's famed Romanee-Conti vineyard. The average wine lover would gnaw through his own arm just to get a sip of Romanee-Conti, which retails at roughly the price of a second-hand car per bottle. But in January 2010, the vineyard received a mysterious map that threw the whole future of wine snobbery into doubt.

Gsherry/Wikimedia Commons

The insanely detailed chart showed the individual location of every single vine on the Romanee-Conti estate. Even the owners didn't have such a detailed guide, which must have taken months of careful study to prepare. The map marked two specific vines out of 20,000 as poisoned. An inspection revealed that somebody had drilled a tiny hole into the base of each vine, then used a syringe to inject a powerful weedkiller. The barren winter vines looked no different, but come spring the rising sap would carry the poison throughout the vine, killing it before it could bear grapes.

A note attached to the map warned that a "team of six" had spent a year drilling hidden poison holes in other vines scattered at random throughout the estate. The location of the vines and the name of the poison would be revealed in exchange for a ransom payment of one million euros, allowing the damaged vines to be treated or removed before spring. Another famous vineyard soon received a similar demand. Had an elite team of grape assassins really been creeping through the vines for months, injecting poison and drawing up their charts, in order to essentially kidnap the world's finest wine?

Actually, it was basically just one guy: a career criminal called Jacques Soltys, who had secretly been living in a hidden shack in the surrounding woods like a moleman, sneaking out at night to poison a couple of vines. But the police were initially baffled. So how did they catch this Carmen Sandiego--style master criminal? Very easily, because he showed up in person to collect the reward payment from a local graveyard. Seriously, after months of planning a brilliant heist of future-booze, it apparently never crossed his mind that the cops would be hiding nearby, waiting to see who picked up the cash. France's finest wine-makers celebrated in style, then probably went right back to dumping grapes, Fanta, and rubbing alcohol in a blender and auctioning it for ten grand a bottle.

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Insane Crimes IRL That Seem Like Fever Dreams

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A lot of supposedly "realistic" crime fiction can be a little dull. Oh, the Point Pleasant Strangler has struck again? Call us when he puts on a costume and starts fighting Mothman on horseback. But that's honestly a shame, because the real world just keeps th

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https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/features/the-clink-restaurant-in-brixton-prison-gives-inmates-a-taste-of-what-life-can-be-like-on-the-outside-9155731.html

Find a word or phrase in the text that means:
1. develop, become successful (title)
2. an occupation involving skilled of mechanical work
3. strange
4. shake involuntarily
5. exchange
6. intended for people who want high quality goods and services
7. knives, forks and spoons used for eating / serving food

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31st May - Legal vocab in context + eyewitness testimony

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31st May - Legal vocab in context + eyewitness testimony

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1. Warm up questions:
- How could eye-witnesses be influenced by external factors?
- How significant is eye-witness testimony in the French legal system?
- If you were a lawyer, would you defend someone who you know is guilty?
- What if you were innocent of a crime but were convicted based on the testimony of 6 witnesses?
- Jury duty in France... ?

2. Choose the "odd one out"
a) CULPRIT OAF PERPETRATOR OFFENDER = synonyms of "criminal"
b) WAVERINGLY ADAMANTLY FIRMLY DECISIVELY = synonyms of "certain"
c) ACQUIT PARDON INCARCERATE EXONERATE = synonyms of "free" or "not guilty verdict"
d) DETEST DESPISE ABHOR RELISH = synonyms of "hate"
e) FEARLESS AUDACIOUS BOLD IMPERTINENT = synonyms of "extrovert"
f) VIVID SHARP FADING FRESH = synonyms of "clear" or "precise"
g) ADAPTABLE MALLEABLE ELASTIC BRITTLE = synonyms of "flexible"

3. Decide which groups of words from Q2 fit into the gaps below, then
select the most suitable word (and possibly change the form):
1. How do you think the fact that our brains are so ……………. influences our
memories? ADAPTABLE
2. What type of offences do you ……………. the most? DETEST
3. Would you be able to describe a ……………. if you saw him/her only once? AN OFFENDER
4. Have you heard of any cases of people being ……………. after being wrongfully convicted? =ACQUITTED
5. What’s your earliest memory that is ……………. enough that you can recall it? = SHARP.

Article and examples:
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/faulty-eyewitness-testimony-can-lead-to-wrongful-convictions/

making a murderer https://theconversation.com/new-research-reveals-how-little-we-can-trust-eyewitnesses-67663

how to improve eyewitness testimony (further reading) https://www.innocenceproject.org/eyewitness-identification-reform/

examples of exonerations (further reading) https://files.deathpenaltyinfo.org/legacy/files/pdf/StudyCWC2001A.pdf

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describe the flavour profile of your favourite tea/infusion (or any drink, really!)

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https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescommunicationscouncil/2020/05/08/15-effective-ways-marketers-can-connect-with-generation-z/#29e4bee43333

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Write a short statement about your values that you could use on your cv
Brainstorm:
flexible - I can adapt myself in a lot of situations and prioritise tasks
calm - I don't get stressed easily
trustworthy - I can respect confidential matters
reliable - if I say I will do something, I will certainly do it
I am a reliable person that you can trust.

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https://www.16personalities.com/

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buy nothing day: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/magazine/black-friday-and-buy-nothing-day

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Watch this video. In the first 15 seconds, how does Trump describe his opponents? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTg_y_dQXlM

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crazy crimes
baffling = confusing
mole- taupe
vines - les vignes
weedkiller - produit pour tuer les mauvaises herbes
heist - evil plan
booze - alcohol
slang - argot
roughly - environ
dabble - essayer à

20th May - marketing
canaux de diffusion - methods of reaching people
s'adapter - adapt
mise en situation- real life situation/ role play
carton - cardboard
household - foyer
hub - foyer de maladie
dwell- habiter
billboard - enrome panneau
disposable income - revenu disponible
appeal - donner envie
appealing - attirant, attrayant, interessant, séduisant
tie in - correspondre
turn-off - tue-l'amour

18th May - cars
Overtake - doubler qqn
lane - voie
brake - freiner
accelérer -accelerate
ralentir - slow down

12th May
éloigné - far away
ampoule - blister
courbatures - sore muscles
the windscreen is cracked and the tyres are deflated.
windscreen: par brise
pneu - tyre

8th May
consigne - rule, guideline, instruction
je n'ai pas fait grande chose - I didn't do much a lot of things
se sentir stressé/avoir puer - feel apprehensive
avoir une semblance de normalité - have semblance of normality
we have to tell everyone about what we have been working on
we wanted to do our best and be helpful
intermittent du spectacle - usher
mauvais volonté - unwillingness
stumble - trébucher (walk/fall)

cooking
- pan fried = technique for gyoza
-pan = poêle
-lid = couvercle

Expressions for time

Pas mal= a fair bit

Depuis un moment = for a while

instagram/body image articles
freckle - from the sun
mole - natural
wrinkle - rides
cellulite
aged

waning interest = losing interest
blurry image = flou
racy/edgy photos = a little bit sexy.
doctor (V) = change, edit

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Ellen’s parody advert (2:15) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCyw3prIWhc

Decoding humour in English: sarcasm
Judging by Ellen’s attitude, and the audience’s reaction, compare what she says and what she means
What Ellen says | What Ellen means

she says - 0:45. “These are real pens, just for ladies! I know what you’re thinking: it’s about damn time!” (it's about time!= enfin!)
she means - nobody needs this product.

she says - all this time we have been using men's pens
she means - pens are a gender neutral product, there is no difference with this new product, and we weren't waiting all these years for pink pen.

she says - I can use it when I become president!
she means - There has never been a woman president and there are barely any female politicians.

she says -She says that women have seen enormous progress. Driving at night and the right to vote.

she means - It's not very good progress! there is still so much to do.

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https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/5dmb75/instagram-hides-photoshopped-images

vocab
freckle - from the sun
mole - natural
wrinkle
cellulite
aged

waning interest = losing interest
blurry image = flou
racy/edgy photos = a little bit sexy.
doctor (V) = change, edit

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https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/29/elon-musks-spacex-reducing-starlink-brightness-after-astronomy-complaints.html

histoire de= just for the sake of it
a lot of companies must be closing right now
a lot of companies must be having to close right now

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I call her at 17.30
Routine= I'm doing extra English work over the phone. I call her at 17:30.

I will call you at 17:30
=I have something I need to finish at 17:00
=ok, i'll call at 17:30
(unplanned decision)

I am calling you at 17:30
"So I forget, what did we decide on for this afternoon's skype meeting?"
"So, Chris is emailing me the files at 16:00, I'll check them, and then I'm calling you at 17h30 to confirm the details"
(already planned)

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28th April. Must - (en tant que quasi-certitude)

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28th April. Must - (en tant que quasi-certitude)

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My mum just went to the market
- she must have bought everything we need for the cake.

She failed her test.
- She must have been disappointed

She had 3 beers and fell over.
- She must have been taken to the hospital. She must have been drunk.

My dad went to the supermarket, he was gone 2 hours.
- Il a dû y avoir une longue file d'attente
-There must have been a long line.
- He must have been in the line for ages

My dad went to to supermarket an hour ago. He is still not home!
- There must be a long line.

There is no more flour in the supermarket
-The supermarket must have sold out.
-The Parisians must be making their own fancy bread.

The little children are going back to school soon.
- The parents must be very happy
- The children must be so sad!

Jean Michel Blanquer said school will start again on May 11 for everyone. Macron contradicted JMB for the third time in row.
-JMB must be annoyed, humiliated, embarrassed, ashamed, stupid.
-JMB must be feeling really dumb right now.

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d'habitude = normally, usually
ranger = tidy
do a lap of the board = faire le tour du plateau
grate = râper
i didn't get hooked to the tv show

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28th April = review - modals and conditionals

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28th April = review - modals and conditionals

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Translation exercise p 39
A. You should have worked harder

B. You shouldn’t have gone out so often
C. You could (would) have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
D. You could have gone on holidays with your friends, which you can no longer do now.
E. You can't complain now.

student: I can't be independent because you have always been on my back
mum: What should we have done?
student: You shouldn't have helped me all the time. You should have let me stand on my own two feet. You could let me do what I want.

Turn off / switch off =éteindre
Take off = enlever
Lift off = décoller, une fusée 3, 2, 1 we have lift off!
Call off - to cancel.
Lay off - to make members of staff redundant.
Live off - to live from one source of money.
Pay off - to pay debts.
Put off - to delay.
Write off - to cancel or accept a loss.

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24th April = 3rd conditional explanations

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24th April = 3rd conditional explanations

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Obama article - https://www.allure.com/story/barack-obama-wore-the-same-tux-for-years

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We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and then 'would have' and the past participle in the second part of the sentence:

if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle

It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation.
Example:

If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass)

If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).

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if + pret, would +inf
if you helped me, I would be grateful.

1. If Serena wasn't late, he would be in a better mood
2. Serena claims that she wouldn’t be late if Antonio gave her better directions.
3. Antonio said that if Serena wasn't so picky, they could eat in any kind of restaurant.
4. Serena says that if Antonia listened to her more, he would know that she doesn't like spicy food.
5. If Antonio cancelled the reservations, it would show Serena that he cared about her.
6. They would still be together if they didn't argue so much

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22nd April second conditional explanation

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22nd April second conditional explanation

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I'll
you'll
she'll he'll it'll
we'll
they'll

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The missing six weeks: how Trump failed the biggest test of his life
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/mar/28/trump-coronavirus-politics-us-health-disaster
striking - frappant
dither - hésiter
whim - coup de tête
daunting - intimidant
lighting speed - très vite
halt - stop
brag- se vanter
talk down/ paly down - minimiser

Gerondif
J'aime lire- I like to read.
J'aime la lecture- I like reading.

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https://www.allure.com/story/beauty-of-k-pop

My friend's job was to broaden the skills of the current employees, to avoid hiring new people

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Let's have a look at Birchbox!
https://www.birchbox.com/

Skincare vocab
dropper- pipette

Make a stride - faire de grands pas

Break down - expliquer en détail

Oiled = prêt / sur le point de

throughout = tout au long de

Foray = sudden entry into enemy territory

Jump on the bandwagon = follow the trend

Whipped- fouettée

thereby = introduce an important result or consequence of the event or action

parcel/ package- colis
cardboard- carton
their desks face each other
we don't want to give the candidates cold feet.

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vocab
gommage - exfoliator
I don't like to put on cream / moisturise
I hate feeling sticky
les rides - wrinkles
pimples / spots - les boutons
I have been getting little spots on my forehead for a year !
=present perfect continuous
Surprisingly, I had much less stomach pain than before.

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1.On se voit vendredi !
2. Elle devrait manger moins de sucre.
3. La casque est à côté de la radio, ce qui est sur le livre de grammaire vert-foncé.
4. Tu ne comprendrais jamais.
5. Lauren vit a New York, mais elle cherche un nouvel appartement en ce moment.
6. Ma soeur est malade depuis 6 jours, elle a mal à la gorge.
7. Il pleut depuis ce matin
8. Je courais dans la forêt quand un serpent m’a mordu.
9. Puis-je poser une question ?
10. Le garçon de 3 ans pleure depuis 20 minutes.

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13th April - countable and uncountable review

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13th April - countable and uncountable review

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Review: what 4 categories in English are uncountable?
1. liquids - water
2. small grains - sand
3. emotions - there is so much happines in their marraige
4. collective noun / overarching concept - bread, music, money etc.

Translate:
As-tu besoin de plus d'informations? = Do you need more information?
Il a fait des recherches sur le SIDA. = He researched AIDS.
Ses conseils ne m'aident jamais! = Her advice never helps me.
J'adore les pâtes. =  I love pasta.

CORRECTIONS
1. A loaf of bread

2. A piece of advice

3. A piece of news

4 .a pair of jeans

5.a strike of lightning

6. A pair of shorts

7. A run of (bad) luck a stroke of (bad) luck

8. A piece of information

9.a piece of furniture

10. A clap of thunder

1.Do you want to have a cup of coffee together after class?

2. She didn’t want to give me any information about her interview.

3. When I moved into a new apartment, I had to buy furniture, including a new bed

4. It’s only March and he is already wearing a pair of shorts. How ridiculous does he look?!

5. Seeing as they love minimalism, they don’t have much furniture at their place.

6.The PDG has been accused of corruption because, according to hearsay, he had paid his paid his partner 2 million dollars to keep quiet.

7. The computer has been making a funny noise for a little while (ou since this morning). I will have to call a specialist.

8. I can give you / Let me give you / I will give you a little piece of advice, do a back up of your data/work every 10 minutes aussi save your work every 10 minutes

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Write an email memo to the other employees detailing the new plans and the news rules for the post-covid workspace.

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the images : https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2019/dec/11/immigration-border-seized-items-photographs

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https://www.npr.org/2020/04/08/829575332/how-is-the-coronavirus-affecting-black-americans

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7th April - French to English email translations

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7th April - French to English email translations

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At:
all costs,
a loose end = je ne sais pa quoi faire
any rate = de toute façon
first sight = à premier vu
short notice = sans préavis
worst, best = au pire, au mieux
hand =  à coté de moi

Between:
you and me = i am going to tell a secret
jobs = au chômage
a rock and a hard place = impossible decision

By:
all means = bien sur,  absolument
return = asap
one’s own admission  = j'avoue que
heart = par coeur
the by = synonym
the way = d'ailleurs /tiens
mistake = par erreur

In:
advance, = en avance
all likelihood, = très probable
any case, = dans tous les cas
due course, = au bon moment
particular, = en particulier
retrospect, = en y repensant
the long run = sur la durée

On:
a diet, = suivre une régime
approval =  vente à condition
second thoughts, = après réflexion
offer, sous offre / en promo
the contrary, = au contraire
the mend, = en train se rétablir, getting better
the other hand, = de l'autre côté

Out of:
breath, = essoufflée
control = hors de contrôle
date = périmé
your depth = dépassé par la situation / pas dans ses capacités
reach = hors de portée
order = rupture de stock
pocket = obligé de payer / manque
sight = hors de vue
the question = pas de question

Over:
a cup of coffee/tea, = en buvant / autour de . Let's discuss it over a cup of coffee.
the odds, =  he paid over the odds, il payé trop cher (rare)
board, = par-dessus bord / too much. My boss went overboard with the rules.
do it, =too much.(verb)  My boss over did it with all the new rules
kill =too much.  (adj)The new rules are overkill

Under:
age, = mineur
control, = sous contrôle
stress, = stressé / sous la pression
suspicion, = il est suspecté
the circumstances, = sous les circonstances
one’s breath = "I hate him!" she said under her breath. ... whisper

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3rd April (Check email) + Gerund grammar

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3rd April (Check email) + Gerund grammar

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Today in the garden we added some bricks to create a flowerbed / seperate the flowerbed from the grass.

mow the grass - tondre l'herbe
fed the turtle -

brick- small
paving- trottoir

exercise 54.4
my English is getting better
present - My English seems to be getting better
past - My English seems to have gotten better

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https://www.boredpanda.com/funny-april-fools-pranks/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=organic

Bonjour Christophe,
Je n'ai pas encore de confirmation sur ma date d'arrivée (mes différents responsables ayant été en vacances ces dernières semaines) Contractuellement, il s'agit toujours du 1er juillet. Par contre, il y a une chance pour que je sois disponible dès mi juin.

Je te tiens au courant dès que j'ai plus de nouvelles. bonne journée, Valérie

Hello Christophe
I still don't have confirmation about my arrival dates (my various / all of my managers having been on holidays these past few weeks).

On the contract, it should still be the first of July.
However, there is a chance that I will be available from mid-June / the middle of June.
I will let you know when I have more information.
Have a good day,
Valerie
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Christophe,
Je rebondis sur l'aspect formation suite à une discussion que j'ai eue avec Lionel. Il m'a fait part d'une journée de formation concernant un outil de gestion utilisé par les PS et ceci le mardi 15 mai.
J'ai validé avec mon employeur que je peux prendre ce jour de congé si besoin, sans que cela ne prolonge la période de préavis.
Donc si cela est possible, je serai très heureux d'y participer, ce qui me donnera l'occasion en plus de faire connaissance avec mes futurs collègues.
Merci d'avance pour ta réponse Valérie

formation - professional training/ training/ team-building/ professional development

Christophe,
I'm getting back to you regarding the professional training after a discussion I had with Lionel
He told me about a training day about a management tool used by the PS, which will be on Tuesday the 15th May.
I checked with my employer that I can take this day off if needed, without extending the notice period.
So , if this is possible, it would be a pleasure to participate and would also give me the occasion to meet / get to know my future colleagues
Thank you in advance for your answer.
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prendre des nouvelles - catch up with someone
storage space - rangement
i have a few trays on my desk organise/ classify my documents.
double sided - recto verso

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29th March countable and uncountable nouns 

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29th March countable and uncountable nouns 

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certains are impossible to count

- small grains - sand, dirt, rice, lentils, pasta
-liquids - milk, shower gel
-emotions - anger, happiness etc
-overarching ideas. (je peux compter les cheques, les euros, les fiches de paie, mais je ne peux pas compter MONEY)
I can count count books, reports, articles, but I cannot count INFORMATION

mots qui n'existent pas:
an information, informations
an advice, advices
a research, researches,

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In March, sales increased because of the new model that we released.
In April, sales decreased due to bad weather.
In May, the sales increase arose from a special offer
In June, the sales decrease resulted from an employee strike
Sales increased in July owing to a heatwave
Unfortunately in August, the sales decreased becuase of a big warehouse fire, but the silver lining came in September, owing to an Indian summer

In October a transport strike led to a decrease in sales, and in November as we all know it's not the best period to sell air conditioning equipment, so the figures were not very good.
We bounced back in December because of the Christmas promotion.

the silver lining
Every cloud has a silver lining