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Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights

19 October 2005

The General Conference,

Conscious of the unique capacity of human beings to reflect upon their own existence and on their environment, to perceive injustice, to avoid danger, to assume responsibility, to seek cooperation and to exhibit the moral sense that gives expression to ethical principles,

Reflecting on the rapid developments in science and technology, which increasingly affect our understanding of life and life itself, resulting in a strong demand for a global response to the ethical implications of such developments,

Recognizing that ethical issues raised by the rapid advances in science and their technological applications should be examined with due respect to the dignity of the human person and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms,

Resolving that it is necessary and timely for the international community to state universal principles that will provide a foundation for humanity's response to the ever-increasing dilemmas and controversies that science and technology present for humankind and for the environment,

Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948, the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 11 November 1997 and the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 October 2003,

Noting the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 16 December 1966, the United Nations International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination of 21 December 1965, the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of 18 December 1979, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989, the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity of 5 June 1992, the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1993, the UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers of 20 November 1974, the UNESCO Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice of 27 November 1978, the UNESCO Declaration on the Responsibilities of the Present Generations Towards Future Generations of 12 November 1997, the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity of 2 November 2001, the ILO Convention 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries of 27 June 1989, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture which was adopted by the FAO Conference on 3 November 2001 and entered into force on 29 June 2004, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) annexed to the Marrakech Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization, which entered into force on 1 January 1995, the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 14 November 2001 and other relevant international instruments adopted by the United Nations and the specialized agencies of the United Nations system, in particular the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO),

Also noting international and regional instruments in the field of bioethics, including the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine of the Council of Europe, which was adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 1999, together with its Additional Protocols, as well as national legislation and regulations in the field of bioethics and the international and regional codes of conduct and guidelines and other texts in the field of bioethics, such as the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association on Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, adopted in 1964 and amended in 1975, 1983, 1989, 1996 and 2000 and the International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, adopted in 1982 and amended in 1993 and 2002,

Recognizing that this Declaration is to be understood in a manner consistent with domestic and international law in conformity with human rights law,

Recalling the Constitution of UNESCO adopted on 16 November 1945,

Considering UNESCO's role in identifying universal principles based on shared ethical values to guide scientific and technological development and social transformation in order to identify emerging challenges in science and technology taking into account the responsibility of the present generations towards future generations, and that questions of bioethics, which necessarily have an international dimension, should be treated as a whole, drawing on the principles already stated in the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights and the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data and taking account not only of the current scientific context but also of future developments,

Aware that human beings are an integral part of the biosphere, with an important role in protecting one another and other forms of life, in particular animals,

Recognizing that, based on the freedom of science and research, scientific and technological developments have been, and can be, of great benefit to humankind in increasing, inter alia, life expectancy and improving the quality of life, and emphasizing that such developments should always seek to promote the welfare of individuals, families, groups or communities and humankind as a whole in the recognition of the dignity of the human person and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms,

Recognizing that health does not depend solely on scientific and technological research developments but also on psychosocial and cultural factors,

Also recognizing that decisions regarding ethical issues in medicine, life sciences and associated technologies may have an impact on individuals, families, groups or communities and humankind as a whole,

Bearing in mind that cultural diversity, as a source of exchange, innovation and creativity, is necessary to humankind and, in this sense, is the common heritage of humanity, but emphasizing that it may not be invoked at the expense of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

Also bearing in mind that a person's identity includes biological, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual dimensions,

Recognizing that unethical scientific and technological conduct has had a particular impact on indigenous and local communities,

Convinced that moral sensitivity and ethical reflection should be an integral part of the process of scientific and technological developments and that bioethics should play a predominant role in the choices that need to be made concerning issues arising from such developments,

Considering the desirability of developing new approaches to social responsibility to ensure that progress in science and technology contributes to justice, equity and to the interest of humanity,

Recognizing that an important way to evaluate social realities and achieve equity is to pay attention to the position of women,

Stressing the need to reinforce international cooperation in the field of bioethics, taking into account, in particular, the special needs of developing countries, indigenous communities and vulnerable populations,

Considering that all human beings, without distinction, should benefit from the same high ethical standards in medicine and life science research,

Proclaims the principles that follow and adopts the present Declaration.

General provisions

Article 1 – Scope

1. This Declaration addresses ethical issues related to medicine, life sciences and associated technologies as applied to human beings, taking into account their social, legal and environmental dimensions.

2. This Declaration is addressed to States. As appropriate and relevant, it also provides guidance to decisions or practices of individuals, groups, communities, institutions and corporations, public and private.

Article 2 – Aims

The aims of this Declaration are:

(a) to provide a universal framework of principles and procedures to guide States in the formulation of their legislation, policies or other instruments in the field of bioethics;

(b) to guide the actions of individuals, groups, communities, institutions and corporations, public and private;

(c) to promote respect for human dignity and protect human rights, by ensuring respect for the life of human beings, and fundamental freedoms, consistent with international human rights law;

(d) to recognize the importance of freedom of scientific research and the benefits derived from scientific and technological developments, while stressing the need for such research and developments to occur within the framework of ethical principles set out in this Declaration and to respect human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms;

(e) to foster multidisciplinary and pluralistic dialogue about bioethical issues between all stakeholders and within society as a whole;

(f) to promote equitable access to medical, scientific and technological developments as well as the greatest possible flow and the rapid sharing of knowledge concerning those developments and the sharing of benefits, with particular attention to the needs of developing countries;

(g) to safeguard and promote the interests of the present and future generations;

(h) to underline the importance of biodiversity and its conservation as a common concern of humankind.

Principles

Within the scope of this Declaration, in decisions or practices taken or carried out by those to whom it is addressed, the following principles are to be respected.

Article 3 – Human dignity and human rights

1. Human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms are to be fully respected.

2. The interests and welfare of the individual should have priority over the sole interest of science or society.

Article 4 – Benefit and harm

In applying and advancing scientific knowledge, medical practice and associated technologies, direct and indirect benefits to patients, research participants and other affected individuals should be maximized and any possible harm to such individuals should be minimized.

Article 5 – Autonomy and individual responsibility

The autonomy of persons to make decisions, while taking responsibility for those decisions and respecting the autonomy of others, is to be respected. For persons who are not capable of exercising autonomy, special measures are to be taken to protect their rights and interests.

Article 6 – Consent

1. Any preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic medical intervention is only to be carried out with the prior, free and informed consent of the person concerned, based on adequate information. The consent should, where appropriate, be express and may be withdrawn by the person concerned at any time and for any reason without disadvantage or prejudice.

2. Scientific research should only be carried out with the prior, free, express and informed consent of the person concerned. The information should be adequate, provided in a comprehensible form and should include modalities for withdrawal of consent. Consent may be withdrawn by the person concerned at any time and for any reason without any disadvantage or prejudice. Exceptions to this principle should be made only in accordance with ethical and legal standards adopted by States, consistent with the principles and provisions set out in this Declaration, in particular in Article 27, and international human rights law.

3. In appropriate cases of research carried out on a group of persons or a community, additional agreement of the legal representatives of the group or community concerned may be sought. In no case should a collective community agreement or the consent of a community leader or other authority substitute for an individual's informed consent.

Article 7 – Persons without the capacity to consent

In accordance with domestic law, special protection is to be given to persons who do not have the capacity to consent:

(a) authorization for research and medical practice should be obtained in accordance with the best interest of the person concerned and in accordance with domestic law. However, the person concerned should be involved to the greatest extent possible in the decision-making process of consent, as well as that of withdrawing consent;

(b) research should only be carried out for his or her direct health benefit, subject to the authorization and the protective conditions prescribed by law, and if there is no research alternative of comparable effectiveness with research participants able to consent. Research which does not have potential direct health benefit should only be undertaken by way of exception, with the utmost restraint, exposing the person only to a minimal risk and minimal burden and, if the research is expected to contribute to the health benefit of other persons in the same category, subject to the conditions prescribed by law and compatible with the protection of the individual's human rights. Refusal of such persons to take part in research should be respected.

Article 8 – Respect for human vulnerability and personal integrity

In applying and advancing scientific knowledge, medical practice and associated technologies, human vulnerability should be taken into account. Individuals and groups of special vulnerability should be protected and the personal integrity of such individuals respected.

Article 9 – Privacy and confidentiality

The privacy of the persons concerned and the confidentiality of their personal information should be respected. To the greatest extent possible, such information should not be used or disclosed for purposes other than those for which it was collected or consented to, consistent with international law, in particular international human rights law.

Article 10 – Equality, justice and equity

The fundamental equality of all human beings in dignity and rights is to be respected so that they are treated justly and equitably.

Article 11 – Non-discrimination and non-stigmatization

No individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmatized on any grounds, in violation of human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Article 12 – Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism

The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their scope.

Article 13 – Solidarity and cooperation

Solidarity among human beings and international cooperation towards that end are to be encouraged.

Article 14 – Social responsibility and health

1. The promotion of health and social development for their people is a central purpose of governments that all sectors of society share.

2. Taking into account that the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition, progress in science and technology should advance:

(a) access to quality health care and essential medicines, especially for the health of women and children, because health is essential to life itself and must be considered to be a social and human good;

(b) access to adequate nutrition and water;

(c) improvement of living conditions and the environment;

(d) elimination of the marginalization and the exclusion of persons on the basis of any grounds;

(e) reduction of poverty and illiteracy.

Article 15 – Sharing of benefits

1. Benefits resulting from any scientific research and its applications should be shared with society as a whole and within the international community, in particular with developing countries. In giving effect to this principle, benefits may take any of the following forms:

(a) special and sustainable assistance to, and acknowledgement of, the persons and groups that have taken part in the research;

(b) access to quality health care;

(c) provision of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities or products stemming from research;

(d) support for health services;

(e) access to scientific and technological knowledge;

(f) capacity-building facilities for research purposes;

(g) other forms of benefit consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.

2. Benefits should not constitute improper inducements to participate in research.

Article 16 – Protecting future generations

The impact of life sciences on future generations, including on their genetic constitution, should be given due regard.

Article 17 – Protection of the environment, the biosphere and biodiversity

Due regard is to be given to the interconnection between human beings and other forms of life, to the importance of appropriate access and utilization of biological and genetic resources, to respect for traditional knowledge and to the role of human beings in the protection of the environment, the biosphere and biodiversity.

Application of the principles

Article 18 – Decision-making and addressing bioethical issues

1. Professionalism, honesty, integrity and transparency in decision-making should be promoted, in particular declarations of all conflicts of interest and appropriate sharing of knowledge. Every endeavour should be made to use the best available scientific knowledge and methodology in addressing and periodically reviewing bioethical issues.

2. Persons and professionals concerned and society as a whole should be engaged in dialogue on a regular basis.

3. Opportunities for informed pluralistic public debate, seeking the expression of all relevant opinions, should be promoted.

Article 19 – Ethics committees

Independent, multidisciplinary and pluralist ethics committees should be established, promoted and supported at the appropriate level in order to:

(a) assess the relevant ethical, legal, scientific and social issues related to research projects involving human beings;

(b) provide advice on ethical problems in clinical settings;

(c) assess scientific and technological developments, formulate recommendations and contribute to the preparation of guidelines on issues within the scope of this Declaration;

(d) foster debate, education and public awareness of, and engagement in, bioethics.

Article 20 – Risk assessment and management

Appropriate assessment and adequate management of risk related to medicine, life sciences and associated technologies should be promoted.

Article 21 – Transnational practices

1. States, public and private institutions, and professionals associated with transnational activities should endeavour to ensure that any activity within the scope of this Declaration, undertaken, funded or otherwise pursued in whole or in part in different States, is consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.

2. When research is undertaken or otherwise pursued in one or more States (the host State(s)) and funded by a source in another State, such research should be the object of an appropriate level of ethical review in the host State(s) and the State in which the funder is located. This review should be based on ethical and legal standards that are consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.

3. Transnational health research should be responsive to the needs of host countries, and the importance of research contributing to the alleviation of urgent global health problems should be recognized.

4. When negotiating a research agreement, terms for collaboration and agreement on the benefits of research should be established with equal participation by those party to the negotiation.

5. States should take appropriate measures, both at the national and international levels, to combat bioterrorism and illicit traffic in organs, tissues, samples, genetic resources and genetic-related materials.

Promotion of the Declaration

Article 22 – Role of States

1. States should take all appropriate measures, whether of a legislative, administrative or other character, to give effect to the principles set out in this Declaration in accordance with international human rights law. Such measures should be supported by action in the spheres of education, training and public information.

2. States should encourage the establishment of independent, multidisciplinary and pluralist ethics committees, as set out in Article 19.

Article 23 – Bioethics education, training and information

1. In order to promote the principles set out in this Declaration and to achieve a better understanding of the ethical implications of scientific and technological developments, in particular for young people, States should endeavour to foster bioethics education and training at all levels as well as to encourage information and knowledge dissemination programmes about bioethics.

2. States should encourage the participation of international and regional intergovernmental organizations and international, regional and national non governmental organizations in this endeavour.

Article 24 – International cooperation

1. States should foster international dissemination of scientific information and encourage the free flow and sharing of scientific and technological knowledge.

2. Within the framework of international cooperation, States should promote cultural and scientific cooperation and enter into bilateral and multilateral agreements enabling developing countries to build up their capacity to participate in generating and sharing scientific knowledge, the related know-how and the benefits thereof.

3. States should respect and promote solidarity between and among States, as well as individuals, families, groups and communities, with special regard for those rendered vulnerable by disease or disability or other personal, societal or environmental conditions and those with the most limited resources.

Article 25 – Follow-up action by UNESCO

1. UNESCO shall promote and disseminate the principles set out in this Declaration. In doing so, UNESCO should seek the help and assistance of the Intergovernmental Bioethics Committee (IGBC) and the International Bioethics Committee (IBC).

2. UNESCO shall reaffirm its commitment to dealing with bioethics and to promoting collaboration between IGBC and IBC.

Final provisions

Article 26 – Interrelation and complementarity of the principles

This Declaration is to be understood as a whole and the principles are to be understood as complementary and interrelated. Each principle is to be considered in the context of the other principles, as appropriate and relevant in the circumstances.

Article 27 – Limitations on the application of the principles

If the application of the principles of this Declaration is to be limited, it should be by law, including laws in the interests of public safety, for the investigation, detection and prosecution of criminal offences, for the protection of public health or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. Any such law needs to be consistent with international human rights law.

Article 28 – Denial of acts contrary to human rights, fundamental freedoms and human dignity

Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any claim to engage in any activity or to perform any act contrary to human rights, fundamental freedoms and human dignity.

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Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights: UNESCO

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Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights 19 October 2005 The General Conference, Conscious of the unique capacity of human beings to reflect upon their own existence and on their environment, to perceive injustice, to avoid danger, to assume responsibility, to seek cooperation and to exhibit the moral sense that

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Article 5 – Autonomy and individual responsibility
The autonomy of persons to make decisions, while taking responsibility for those decisions and respecting the autonomy of others, is to be respected. For persons who are not capable of exercising autonomy, special measures are to be taken to protect their rights and interests.

Article 6 – Consent
1. Any preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic medical intervention is only to be carried out with the prior, free and informed consent of the person concerned, based on adequate information. The consent should, where appropriate, be express and may be withdrawn by the person concerned at any time and for any reason without disadvantage or prejudice.

2. Scientific research should only be carried out with the prior, free, express and informed consent of the person concerned. The information should be adequate, provided in a comprehensible form and should include modalities for withdrawal of consent. Consent may be withdrawn by the person concerned at any time and for any reason without any disadvantage or prejudice. Exceptions to this principle should be made only in accordance with ethical and legal standards adopted by States, consistent with the principles and provisions set out in this Declaration, in particular in Article 27, and international human rights law.

3. In appropriate cases of research carried out on a group of persons or a community, additional agreement of the legal representatives of the group or community concerned may be sought. In no case should a collective community agreement or the consent of a community leader or other authority substitute for an individual’s informed consent.

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La Quinta Columna

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Dr. Robert Malone with Joe Rogan - The Joe Rogan Experience #1757 December 31, 2021

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Dr. Robert Malone is the inventor of the nine original mRNA vaccine patents, which were originally filed in 1989 (including both the idea of mRNA vaccines and the original proof of principle experimen...

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The SPARS Pandemic 2025-2028_ A Futuristic Scenario to Facilitate

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UK Medical Freedom Alliance - Lawyers for Liberty - Vaccine Passports

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mRNA VACCINE INDUCED DAMAGE MECHANISMS_FRI_BOLGANv.2 clean

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Mask only stops 1.25 microns, the Covid Virus is 0.003 microns

VIRUS SIZE vs MASK weave

https://www.news-medical.net/health/The-Size-of-SARS-CoV-2-Compared-to-Other-Things.aspx

To date, research has shown that the viruses that have been identified and isolated can range in diameter size from 20 nm to as large as 500 nm. Aside from spherical virus particles like SARS-CoV

https://www.everythingzoomer.com/health/2020/12/05/covid-19-mask-faqs-how-can-cloth-stop-such-a-tiny-virus/

The virus that causes COVID-19 is under 0.1 micrometer in diameter. (A micrometer (µm) is one one-thousandth of a millimeter.) The holes in masks may be five to 200 micrometers. (5,000 nm to 200,000 nm) in diameter. It is counter-intuitive that masks can be useful in this setting.

COVID-19 virus is under 0.1 micrometer (0.0001 mm)
Masks holes range 5 to 200 micrometer (0.005mm - 0.2mm)

COVID-19 virus is under 100 nanometer
Masks holes range 5 to 200,000 nanometer

1 millimeter (mm) = 1000 micrometers (μm)
0.1 micrometer = 0.0001 mm
1 millimeter = 1,000,000 nm

(1 micrometer = 1000 nanometer)

0.1 micrometer = 100 nanometer

200 micrometers = 200,000 nanometer

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EXCLUSIVE: Preliminary analysis found toxic chemicals in some masks

These include known allergens and carcinogens as well as controlled substances

Masks intended for use by the general public are not deemed to be PPE

Therefore, they do not have to meet the standards of masks worn by doctors

85% of all masks made worldwide come from China and concerns have been raised over substandard manufacturing and opaque supply chains

Scientists have found evidence that some face masks which are on sale and being used by members of the general public are laced with toxic chemicals.

Preliminary tests have revealed traces of a variety of compounds which are heavily restricted for both health and environmental reasons.

This includes formaldehyde, a chemical known to cause watery eyes; a burning sensations in the eyes, nose, and throat; coughing; wheezing; and nausea.

Experts are concerned that the presence of these chemicals in masks which are being worn for prolonged periods of time could cause unintended health issues.

Evidence obtained by Ecotextile News and shared with MailOnline reveals that although face masks should meet specific standards, not all do.

Masks have been mandated in much of the world as they are a highly effective way of preventing transmission of coronavirus particles.

But face coverings designed for use by the general public are not regulated and fail to meet the same standards as medical grade PPE.

Scroll down for video

Professor Michael Braungart, director at the Hamburg Environmental Institute, conducted tests on masks which had caused people to break out in rashes.

'What we are breathing through our mouth and nose is actually hazardous waste,' Professor Braungart said.

These used masks were found to contain formaldehyde and other chemicals.

Formaldehyde is the chemical which gives the 'clean' smell when a new pack of masks is opened. He also found aniline, a known carcinogen.

'We found formaldehyde and even aniline and noticed that unknown artificial fragrances were being applied to cover any unpleasant chemical smells from the mask,' he said.

'In the case of the blue-coloured surgical masks, we found cobalt - which can be used as a blue dye.

'All in all, we have a chemical cocktail in front of our nose and mouth that has never been tested for either toxicity or any long-term effects on health.'

Dr Dieter Sedlak, managing director and co-founder of Modern Testing Services in Augsburg, found other chemicals with his own unique testing method.

As well as detecting formaldehyde, he spotted clear evidence of hazardous fluorocarbons, which are heavily restricted.

Fluorocarbons are toxic to human health and scientists have recently called for them to be banned for non-essential use.

This group of chemicals was featured in the recent Mark Ruffalo hit film 'Dark Waters' where a water supply of an entire town was polluted by chemical giant DuPont.

'Honestly, I had not expected PFCs would be found in a surgical mask, but we have special routine methods in our labs to detect these chemicals easily and can immediately identify them. This is a big issue,' said Dr Sedlak.

'It seems this had been deliberately applied as a fluid repellent - it would work to repel the virus in an aerosol droplet format - but PFC on your face, on your nose, on the mucus membranes, or on the eyes is not good.'

Formaldehyde in face masks causes dermatitis

A 2020 case study of a 38-year-old lab technician.

As part of her job she worked with various chemicals, including formaldehyde.

She did not wear a mask to work but did wear gloves. She began suffering rashes which were itchy and burning.

Doctors determined she was allergic to some of the chemicals.

She then changed jobs and became a hospital nurse.

Her rashes went away rapidly but then when working on a Covid-19 ward in April 2020 the dermatitis returned.

Symptoms flared up 'a few hours following the prolonged use of a particular polypropylene ('plastic') surgical mask.

The researchers and mask manufacturers believe 'trace impurities of formaldehyde' in the masks was causing the relapse.

The doctors wrote in their case study: 'Because formaldehyde is a frequent contact sensitizer, and given that health care workers, patients, and consumers now often have to wear (polypropylene) surgical masks at work and in the public environment, similar cases might be expected in the future.

'To propose safer alternatives, the contact sensitizers potentially present in facial masks, and related medical devices, should be labelled, or at least be easily retrievable as in the present case.'

PFCs are commonly used in textiles to add a protective coating to items like rucksacks and jackets, but are not intended to be inhaled.

The concentrations of PFCs found on masks lie within the safe limit of 16 mg/kg, Dr Sedlak found, but when placed on a mask, just millimetres from a person's mouth, the level of exposure soars past the safe limit over time.

Both the academics say their work is not enough to conclude that all surgical face masks are dangerous or comparable, but believe some masks in circulation are of concern.

'Based on my practical experience there is certainly an elevated unreasonable risk,' says Dr Sedlak.

Face coverings designed to be worn by the public are not classed as PPE and therefore are not subjected to the same level of scrutiny as those which are intended for use by medical professionals.

Guidelines for their use and quality is determined by the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy.

MailOnline has approached BEIS for comment.

However, the responsibility for ensuring masks meet the laid out criteria lies with the mask manufacturer and their local authorities.

But instead of having to reach medical grade standards and pass regular quality checks, these coverings only have to meet general safety laws.

'The General Product Safety Regulations 2005 (GPSR) sets out the responsibilities of the producers and distributors of these products,' the UK government website states.

'As face coverings are not medical devices, we do not regulate these products.'

China was the world's leading mask manufacturer before the pandemic, and has solidified this position amid the Covid-19 outbreak, making 85 per cent of all masks.

In the first five months of 2020, for example, over 70,000 new companies registered to make or sell face masks in China, as companies seek to cash in on the virus.

The boom in demand for such products has led to concerns that masks are being recklessly made, and opaque supply chains in China raise further concerns.

Potentially toxic masks dished out in Canadian schools

Canada last week recalled millions of masks that were distributed to schools, transport workers and daycares by the government.

Health Canada has warned they may be toxic to the lungs after being urged to inspect the safety of the coverings.

The grey and blue masks are identified by the code SNN200642 and are from the supplier Metallifer.

Analysis found evidence of graphene nanoparticles shed by the masks.

If graphene gets into the lungs it can be dangerous as it is highly abrasive and durable, leading to some people saying they felt like they were breathing in cat hair.

Another mask made by another company is also under investigation.

'Health Canada is currently reviewing data from two manufacturers of graphene-coated face masks to determine the safety and effectiveness of their devices, and will take appropriate action as necessary,' said Health Canada spokesman André Gagnon.

Millions of masks were distributed in Quebec but people have now been told to 'immediately store the boxes of masks in a secure and isolated location'.

Belgium gave pharmacists 15 million TOXIC Covid face masks

Health chiefs in Belgium are concerned that 15 million fabric masks given to pharmacists may be toxic and cause pneumonia.

According to a preliminary report carried out by Sciensano, the Belgian Institute for Public Health, the masks contain nanoparticles of silver and titanium dioxide that when inhaled could damage the respiratory tract.

The face masks were made in Asia by Luxembourg-based company Avrox.

Two toxicologists warned that those who wear the masks could develop pneumonia, according to a report in Dutch-language newspaper HLN.

The nanoparticles of silver and titanium dioxide are used to whiten the fabric of the face masks.

Dr Julian Tang told MailOnline: 'The use of metal ions may help to inactivate the virus and such ions may be safely, securely embedded in the mask material so that they do not pose an inhalation risk - and this feature/design could be specific to these Belgian masks only.'

But he says more research is needed if there are valid concerns over specific masks.

The findings of these early studies come as the quality of masks used in Belgium and Canada has been called into question, with graphene and metal ion contamination.

Dr Julian Tang, a clinical virologist and honorary associate professor in the respiratory sciences department at the University of Leicester, echoed the sentiment of Dr Sedlak and Professor Braungart that more vigorous research is needed.

'Further studies on specific mask designs need to be performed if there is a perceived possible risk for any particular mask - and masks made by different manufacturers may not pose the same risks - if any exist,' he said.

He says if people are concerned about their masks, one option is to use professional surgical masks which do have to meet stricter standards.

'Southeast Asian countries have been using millions of surgical masks since the first SARS-COV-1 outbreaks in 2003 - with no reported ill effects,' he adds.

'But even before this, globally, surgical masks have been used in surgery by teams around the world - for decades - with no reported ill effects.'

Liz Cole, co-founder of the Us For Them organisation that advocates for children's rights, says the findings are particularly concerning for youngsters.

The recent reopening of schools in the UK was dependent on children wearing face coverings for long periods of time, including when walking around the premises and in communal areas.

'UsforThem are concerned that the recommendations for children to wear face coverings in classrooms seems to be informed by no new scientific evidence nor does any harm assessment appear to have been conducted,' she said.

'Given the potential issues of child health and welfare at stake it is imperative that potential harms of face coverings in classrooms be considered and weighed against benefits'.

Face masks are a 'ticking plastic bomb': Three MILLION coverings are thrown out every minute and serve as carriers for other toxicants in the environment, experts warn

Three million face masks are discarded every minute as a result of mass adoption during the coronavirus pandemic, and experts warn it could soon lead to environmental catastrophe.

Face coverings are being worn by the majority of individuals around the world in order to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus which causes Covid-19.

However, they pose a greater risk to the environment than carrier bags because of their ubiquity and the fact there is no way to safely decontaminate and recycle them.

In an article published by the University of Southern Denmark, experts call the huge amount of face masks being worn and thrown away a 'ticking time bomb'.

They add that littering is causing masks to break down into dangerous microfibres and they may also be carrying harmful chemicals into the environment.

Environmental Toxicologist Elvis Genbo Xu from the University of Southern Denmark and Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Zhiyong Jason Ren from Princeton University penned an article on the topic in the journal Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering.

And the conundrum of what to do with the recent deluge of masks truly is a new frontier for scientists, who have never before been faced with such a rapid explosion of a product for which there is no established responsible disposal method.

'With increasing reports on inappropriate disposal of masks, it is urgent to recognise this potential environmental threat and prevent it from becoming the next plastic problem,' the researchers warn.

Disposable face masks, although excellent at reducing viral transmission, are tricky when it comes to recycling as they are made from many different materials.

'The common disposable surgical masks are made of three layers,' the researchers explain.

'The outer layer is made up of nonabsorbent material (e.g., polyester) that protects against liquid splashes.

'The middle layer is non-woven fabrics (e. g., polypropylene and polystyrene) created using a meltblowing process, which prevents droplets and aerosols via an electrostatic effect.

'The inner layer is made of absorbent material like cotton to absorb vapour.'

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Scientists find evidence of toxic chemicals in some face masks

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EXCLUSIVE: Preliminary analysis found toxic chemicals in some masks These include known allergens and carcinogens as well as controlled substances Masks intended for use by the general public are not deemed to be PPE Therefore, they do not have to meet the standards of masks worn by doctors 85% of all masks made worldwide come from China and concerns have been raised over substandard manufacturing and opaque supply chains Scientists have found evidence that some face masks which are on sale and being used by members of the general public are laced with toxic chemicals.

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Report suspected side effects to medicines, vaccines, e-cigarettes, medical device incidents, defective or falsified (fake) products to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency to ensure safe and effective use.

Find the medicine / vaccine / device you wish to report.

Use the Coronavirus Yellow Card reporting site to report suspected side effects to medicines and vaccines or medical device and diagnostic adverse incidents used in coronavirus treatment.

Reporting as a manufacturer, marketing authorisation holder or other non-patient or health professional for a medical device adverse incident, fake or defective healthcare product? See our reporting guidance page.

Worried about your health?

Speak to your doctor, pharmacist or to call NHS 111 if you are worried about your health. If you're deaf and want to use the phone service, you can use the NHS 111 British Sign Language service available in your country.
We are unable to provide you with medical advice.
Always read the patient information leaflet, or instructions supplied with your medicine or medical device. It lists the known side effects or problems and advises you on what to do.

Yellow Card biobank

MHRA and Genomics England launch pioneering resource to better understand how genetic makeup influences the safety of medicines.

See our Yellow Card biobank page for more information and the press release.

Improving the Yellow Card reporting site

Welcome to the improved Yellow Card reporting site. Our interactive Drug Analysis Profiles (iDAPs) are now under ' What is being reported', this includes COVID-19 vaccine reports.

We will be continuing to improve our new website platform with enhancements over 2023 based on user feedback to give you a better, more tailored and transparent reporting experience. Future upgrades will offer new features such as:

technology that helps keep you up-to-date with your report as it progresses through MHRA review process and enables you to update your reports.

easier access to real-time safety communications and control over alerts, allowing you to switch on and off relevant safety communications.

the ability to manage information about healthcare products via a product watch list.

visualisation of data that will allow you to view information in a more user friendly, accessible way.

for frequent reporters, a search functionality that will allow your previous reports to be found easily.

We welcome your feedback.

Please note that the where possible, the MHRA asks and encourages all Yellow Card reports to be sent electronically instead of paper forms.

Download the Yellow Card app

Create medicines watch lists, get news and alerts from the MHRA, and also report using the Yellow Card app. The app is available to download from the Apple App Store, or Google Play Store and you can use your Yellow Card website account details on the app to report.

If you have any comments on the app please contact us.

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medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency. reporting

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Yellow Card | Making medicines and medical devices safer

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MHRA Homepage for reporting of suspected side effects or adverse drug reactions to any medicines or vaccines, as well as medical device incidents

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'As of 19 March 2020, COVID-19 is no longer considered to be a high consequence infectious disease (HCID) in the UK'

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Status of COVID-19

As of 19 March 2020, COVID-19 is no longer considered to be a high consequence infectious disease ( HCID) in the UK.

The 4 nations public health HCID group made an interim recommendation in January 2020 to classify COVID-19 as an HCID. This was based on consideration of the UK HCID criteria about the virus and the disease with information available during the early stages of the outbreak. Now that more is known about COVID-19, the public health bodies in the UK have reviewed the most up to date information about COVID-19 against the UK HCID criteria. They have determined that several features have now changed; in particular, more information is available about mortality rates (low overall), and there is now greater clinical awareness and a specific and sensitive laboratory test, the availability of which continues to increase.

The Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP) is also of the opinion that COVID-19 should no longer be classified as an HCID.

The need to have a national, coordinated response remains, but this is being met by the government's COVID-19 response.

Cases of COVID-19 are no longer managed by HCID treatment centres only. All healthcare workers managing possible and confirmed cases should follow the updated national infection and prevention (IPC) guidance for COVID-19, which supersedes all previous IPC guidance for COVID-19. This guidance includes instructions about different personal protective equipment ( PPE) ensembles that are appropriate for different clinical scenarios.

Definition of HCID

In the UK, a high consequence infectious disease ( HCID) is defined according to the following criteria:

acute infectious disease

typically has a high case-fatality rate

may not have effective prophylaxis or treatment

often difficult to recognise and detect rapidly

ability to spread in the community and within healthcare settings

requires an enhanced individual, population and system response to ensure it is managed effectively, efficiently and safely

Classification of HCIDs

HCIDs are further divided into contact and airborne groups:

contact HCIDs are usually spread by direct contact with an infected patient or infected fluids, tissues and other materials, or by indirect contact with contaminated materials and fomites

airborne HCIDs are spread by respiratory droplets or aerosol transmission, in addition to contact routes of transmission

List of high consequence infectious diseases

A list of HCIDs has been agreed by a joint Public Health England ( PHE) and NHS England HCID Programme:

Argentine haemorrhagic fever (Junin virus)

Andes virus infection (hantavirus)

Bolivian haemorrhagic fever (Machupo virus)

Avian influenza A H7N9 and H5N1

Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever ( CCHF)

Avian influenza A H5N6 and H7N7

Ebola virus disease ( EVD)

Middle East respiratory syndrome ( MERS)

Lujo virus disease

Nipah virus infection

Marburg virus disease ( MVD)

Pneumonic plague (Yersinia pestis)

Severe fever with thrombocytopaenia syndrome (SFTS)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS)*

*No cases reported since 2004, but SARS remains a notifiable disease under the International Health Regulations (2005), hence its inclusion here

**Human to human transmission has not been described to date for avian influenza A(H5N6). Human to human transmission has been described for avian influenza A(H5N1), although this was not apparent until more than 30 human cases had been reported. Both A(H5N6) and A(H5N1) often cause severe illness and fatalities. Therefore, A(H5N6) has been included in the airborne HCID list despite not meeting all of the HCID criteria.

The list of HCIDs will be kept under review and updated by PHE if new HCIDs emerge that are of relevance to the UK.

HCIDs in the UK

HCIDs, including viral haemorrhagic fevers ( VHFs), are rare in the UK. When cases do occur, they tend to be sporadic and are typically associated with recent travel to an area where the infection is known to be endemic or where an outbreak is occurring. None of the HCIDs listed above are endemic in the UK, and the known animal reservoirs are not found in the UK.

As of February 2020, 2019, the UK has experience of managing confirmed cases of Lassa fever, EVD, CCHF, MERS and monkeypox. The vast majority of these patients acquired their infections overseas, but rare incidents of secondary transmission of MERS and monkeypox have occurred in the UK.

HCID risks by country

For health professionals wishing to determine the HCID risk in any particular country, an A to Z list of countries and their respective HCID risk is available.

Monthly summaries of global HCID events

PHE's epidemic intelligence activities monitor global HCID events. These are published in a monthly summary.

Infection prevention and control in healthcare settings

Specific infection prevention and control ( IPC) measures are required for suspected and confirmed HCID cases, in all healthcare settings (specialist and non-specialist).

IPC guidance appropriate for suspected and confirmed cases of Lassa fever, EVD, CCHF, MVD, Lujo virus disease, Argentinian haemorrhagic fever, Bolivian haemorrhagic fever and SFTS, is available in the ACDP guidance.

IPC guidance for MERS, avian influenza, Nipah virus infection, monkeypox and pneumonic plague, can be found in the relevant PHE guidance listed below.

Specialist advice for healthcare professionals

The Imported Fever Service (IFS) provides 24-hour, 7-days a week telephone access to expert clinical and microbiological advice. Hospital doctors across the UK can contact the IFS after discussion with the local microbiology, virology or infectious disease consultant.

Hospital management of confirmed HCID cases

Once an HCID has been confirmed by appropriate laboratory testing, cases in England should be transferred rapidly to a designated HCID Treatment Centre. Occasionally, highly probable cases may be moved to an HCID Treatment Centre before laboratory results are available.

There are 2 principal Contact HCID Treatment Centres in England:

Further support for managing confirmed contact HCID cases is provided by the Royal Liverpool Hospital and the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield.

Airborne HCIDs

There are 5 interim Airborne HCID Treatment Centres in England. Adult and paediatric services are provided by 7 NHS Trusts:

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (adult and paediatric services)

Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, with a paediatric service provided by Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, with a paediatric service provided by Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust

Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (adult and paediatric services)

Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (adult service only)

Case transfer arrangements

Hospital clinicians seeking to transfer confirmed HCID cases, or discuss the transfer of highly probable HCID cases, should contact the NHS England EPRR Duty Officer. It is expected that each case will have been discussed with the Imported Fever Service before discussing transfer.

Travel health advice for HCIDs

The National Travel Health Network and Centre ( NaTHNaC) provides travel health information about a number of HCIDs, for healthcare professionals and travellers. Advice can be accessed via the Travel Health Pro website.

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High consequence infectious diseases (HCID)

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As of 19 March 2020, COVID-19 is no longer considered to be a high consequence infectious disease ( HCID) in the UK. The 4 nations public health HCID group made an interim recommendation in January 2020 to classify COVID-19 as an HCID.

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'The best available scientific evidence is that, when used correctly, wearing a face covering may reduce the spread of coronavirus droplets in certain circumstances, helping to protect others'...

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This page explains:

what face coverings are

how face coverings can reduce the transmission of coronavirus (COVID-19)

the settings in which they need to be worn

how face coverings should be safely used and stored

This information is based on current scientific evidence and is subject to change.

This information relates to the use of face coverings in public spaces where social distancing is not always possible. It is important to follow all the other government advice on coronavirus (COVID-19), including staying safe outside your home.

What a face covering is

In the context of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, a face covering is something which safely covers the nose and mouth.

There are many types of face coverings available. Cloth face coverings and disposable face coverings work best if they are made with multiple layers (at least 2) and form a good fit around the face. Bandanas or religious garments may be used but are likely to be less effective if they do not fit securely around the face.

Face coverings are not classified as PPE (personal protective equipment) which is used in a limited number of settings to protect wearers against hazards and risks, such as surgical masks or respirators used in medical and industrial settings.

Face coverings are instead largely intended to protect others, not the wearer, against the spread of infection because they cover the nose and mouth, which are the main confirmed sources of transmission of virus that causes coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

If you wish to find out more about the differences between surgical face masks, PPE face masks, and face coverings see the MHRA's (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) regulatory status of equipment being used to help prevent coronavirus (COVID-19).

Face visors or shields

A face visor or shield may be worn in addition to a face covering but not instead of one. This is because face visors or shields do not adequately cover the nose and mouth, and do not filter airborne particles.

When to wear a face covering

There are some places where you must wear a face covering by law, unless you are exempt or have a reasonable excuse (see When you do not need to wear a face covering below).

You can find out more about the different rules across the UK on the relevant regional websites:

In England you must wear a face covering in the following indoor settings (examples are given in brackets):

public transport (aeroplanes, trains, trams and buses)

taxis and private hire vehicles

transport hubs (airports, rail and tram stations and terminals, maritime ports and terminals, bus and coach stations and terminals)

shops and supermarkets (places which offer goods or services for retail sale or hire)

shopping centres (malls and indoor markets)

auction houses

premises providing hospitality (bars, pubs, restaurants, cafes), except when seated at a table to eat or drink (see exemptions)

post offices, banks, building societies, high-street solicitors and accountants, credit unions, short-term loan providers, savings clubs and money service businesses

estate and lettings agents

theatres

premises providing personal care and beauty treatments (hair salons, barbers, nail salons, massage centres, tattoo and piercing parlours)

premises providing veterinary services

visitor attractions and entertainment venues (museums, galleries, cinemas, theatres, concert halls, cultural and heritage sites, aquariums, indoor zoos and visitor farms, bingo halls, amusement arcades, adventure activity centres, indoor sports stadiums, funfairs, theme parks, casinos, skating rinks, bowling alleys, indoor play areas including soft-play areas)

libraries and public reading rooms

places of worship

funeral service providers (funeral homes, crematoria and burial ground chapels)

community centres, youth centres and social clubs

exhibition halls and conference centres

public areas in hotels and hostels

storage and distribution facilities

You are expected to wear a face covering before entering any of these settings and must keep it on until you leave unless there is a reasonable excuse for removing it.

You should also wear a face covering in indoor places not listed here where social distancing may be difficult and where you will come into contact with people you do not normally meet.

Face coverings are needed in NHS settings, including hospitals and primary or community care settings, such as GP surgeries. They are also advised to be worn in care homes.

The Department for Education ( DfE) has updated its guidance on the use of face coverings for schools and other education institutions that teach people in year 7 and above in England.

Enforcement measures for failing to comply with this law

Premises where face coverings are required should take reasonable steps to promote compliance with the law.

The police can take measures if members of the public do not comply with this law without a valid exemption and transport operators can deny access to their public transport services if a passenger is not wearing a face covering, or direct them to wear one or leave a service.

If necessary the police and Transport for London (TfL) officers have enforcement powers, including issuing fines of £200 (reduced to £100 if paid within 14 days) for the first offence.

Repeat offenders receiving fines on public transport or in an indoor setting will have their fines doubled at each offence.

After the first offence there will be no discount. For example, receiving a second fine will amount to £400 and a third fine will be £800, up to a maximum value of £6,400.

When you do not need to wear a face covering

In settings where face coverings are required in England there are some circumstances where people may not be able to wear a face covering.

Please be mindful and respectful of such circumstances. Some people are less able to wear face coverings, and the reasons for this may not be visible to others.

This includes (but is not limited to):

children under the age of 11 (Public Health England does not recommend face coverings for children under the age of 3 for health and safety reasons)

people who cannot put on, wear or remove a face covering because of a physical or mental illness or impairment, or disability

where putting on, wearing or removing a face covering will cause you severe distress

if you are speaking to or providing assistance to someone who relies on lip reading, clear sound or facial expressions to communicate

to avoid harm or injury, or the risk of harm or injury, to yourself or others ‒ including if it would negatively impact on your ability to exercise or participate in a strenuous activity

police officers and other emergency workers, given that this may interfere with their ability to serve the public

There are also scenarios when you are permitted to remove a face covering:

if asked to do so in a bank, building society, or post office for identification

if asked to do so by shop staff or relevant employees for identification, for assessing health recommendations (for example by a pharmacist) or for age identification purposes, including when buying age restricted products such as alcohol

if required in order to receive treatment or services, for example when getting a facial

in order to take medication

if you are delivering a sermon or prayer in a place of worship

if you are the persons getting married in a relevant place

if you are undertaking exercise or an activity and it would negatively impact your ability to do so

if you are an elite sports person, professional dancer or referee acting in the course of your employment

when seated to eat or drink in a hospitality premise such as a pub, bar, restaurant or cafe. You must put a face covering back on once you finish eating or drinking

The government's guidance for keeping workers and customers safe during COVID-19 in restaurants, pubs, bars and takeaway services clearly advises that designated indoor seating areas for customers to eat or drink should at this time only be open for table service, where possible, alongside additional infection control measures.

Exemption cards

If you have an age, health or disability reason for not wearing a face covering:

you do not routinely need to show any written evidence of this

you do not need show an exemption card

This means that you do not need to seek advice or request a letter from a medical professional about your reason for not wearing a face covering.

However, some people may feel more comfortable showing something that says they do not have to wear a face covering. This could be in the form of an exemption card, badge or even a home-made sign.

Carrying an exemption card or badge is a personal choice and is not required by law.

If you wish to use an exemption card or badge, you can download exemption card templates. You can then print these yourself or show them on a mobile device. Please note that the government is not able to provide physical exemption cards or badges.

If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a version of these templates in a more accessible format, please email publiccorrespondence@cabinetoffice.gov.uk. Please say what format you need the template in and what assistive technology you use.

For exemptions in different parts of the UK please refer to the specific guidance for Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

The reason for using face coverings

Coronavirus (COVID-19) spreads from person to person through:

small droplets

clouds of tiny airborne particles known as aerosols

direct contact

These droplets can also be picked up from surfaces if you touch a surface and then your face without washing your hands first. This is why social distancing, regular hand hygiene and covering coughs and sneezes is so important in controlling the spread of the virus.

The best available scientific evidence is that, when used correctly, wearing a face covering may reduce the spread of coronavirus droplets in certain circumstances, helping to protect others.

Because face coverings are mainly intended to protect others from coronavirus (COVID-19) rather than the wearer, they are not a replacement for social distancing and regular hand washing. It is important to follow all the other government advice on coronavirus (COVID-19), including staying safe outside your home. If you have recent onset of any of the most important symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19):

a new continuous cough

a high temperature

a loss of, or change in, your normal sense of smell or taste (anosmia)

you and your household must isolate at home: wearing a face covering does not change this. You should arrange to have a test to see if you have COVID-19.

How to wear a face covering

Face coverings with multiple layers and which fit snugly around the face work best. It is important that any face covering is worn correctly and handled with care. A face covering should:

cover your nose and mouth while allowing you to breathe comfortably (a nose wire may help with fit)

fit comfortably but securely against the side of the face

be secured to the head with ties or ear loops

be made of a material that you find to be comfortable and breathable, such as cotton

ideally include at least 2 layers of fabric (the World Health Organization recommends 3, depending on the fabric used)

unless disposable, it should be able to be washed with other items of laundry according to fabric washing instructions and dried without causing the face covering to be damaged. Single-use disposable masks should not be washed and reused.

When wearing a face covering you should:

wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for 20 seconds or use hand sanitiser before putting a face covering on

avoid wearing on your neck or forehead

avoid touching the part of the face covering in contact with your mouth and nose, as it could be contaminated with the virus

change the face covering if it becomes damp or if you've touched it

avoid taking it off and putting it back on a lot in quick succession (for example, when leaving and entering shops on a high street)

When removing a face covering:

wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for 20 seconds or use hand sanitiser before removing

only handle the straps, ties or clips

do not give it to someone else to use

if single-use, dispose of it carefully in a residual waste bin and do not recycle

if reusable, wash it in line with manufacturer's instructions at the highest temperature appropriate for the fabric

wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for 20 seconds or use hand sanitiser once removed

Face coverings at work

The Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy ( BEIS) has provided detailed guidance for specific workplace settings. Employers must make sure that the risk assessment for their business addresses the risks of COVID-19, using BEIS guidance to inform decisions and control measures including close proximity working.

It is important to note that coronavirus (COVID-19) needs to be managed through a hierarchy or system of control, including social distancing, high standards of hand hygiene, increased surface cleaning, fixed teams or partnering, and other measures such as using screens or barriers to separate people from each other.

These measures remain the best ways of managing risk in the workplace, but there are some circumstances when wearing a face covering may be marginally beneficial and a precautionary measure; this will largely be to protect others and not the wearer. Normal policies relating to occupational workwear and PPE will continue to apply.

Staff in indoor settings

Face coverings must be worn by retail, leisure and hospitality staff working in any indoor area that is open to the public and where they're likely to come into contact with a member of the public. This includes:

If these businesses have taken steps in line with Health and Safety Executive guidance for COVID-19 secure workplaces to create a physical barrier between workers and members of the public then staff behind the barrier will not be required to wear a face covering.

For other indoor settings, employers should assess the use of face coverings on a case-by-case basis depending on the workplace environment, other appropriate mitigations they have put in place, and whether exemptions or reasonable excuses apply.

Employees should continue to follow guidance from their employer based on a workplace health and safety assessment.

For recommendations and requirements in specific settings please check the government's workplace settings guidance.

Transport workers

Transport workers are not required to wear a face covering by law. However, face coverings offer some benefits in situations where social distancing is difficult to manage. For example, when working in passenger facing roles, including when providing assistance to disabled passengers.

Public health advice is that staff wear a face covering when they are unable to maintain social distancing in passenger facing roles, recognising that there will be exceptional circumstances when a staff member cannot wear a face covering, or when their task makes it sensible (based on a risk assessment) for them not to wear a face covering.

Buying and selling face coverings

In the UK face coverings are being sold by a large number of retailers online and in store. Due to the complexity of the different contexts in which COVID-19 can spread and the rapidly changing and growing evidence base on the effectiveness of face masks and coverings, there are currently no mandatory UK product standards for face coverings.

Face coverings which are sold must meet the existing requirements of the General Product Safety Regulations 2005. Further details can be found in the Office for Product and Safety Standards (OPSS) guidance for manufacturers of face coverings.

Making your own face covering

If you want to make your own face covering, instructions are widely available online. We do not endorse any particular method but be considerate of materials and fabrics that may irritate different skin types.

Emerging evidence suggests that the risk of transmission may be reduced by using thicker fabrics or multiple layers. However, the face covering should still be breathable.

Children should make face coverings under the supervision of an adult and face coverings for children should be secured to the head using ear loops only.

If you would like more information on how to make a face covering with materials from around your home please visit the Big Community Sew website. Here you will find step-by-step video tutorials on how to make face coverings and other useful tips and advice.

Maintaining and disposing of face coverings

Do not touch the front of the face covering, or the part of the face covering that has been in contact with your mouth and nose.

Once removed, store reusable face coverings in a plastic bag until you have an opportunity to wash them. If the face covering is single use, dispose of it in a residual waste bin. Do not put them in a recycling bin.

Make sure you clean any surfaces the face covering has touched using normal household cleaning products. If eating in a cafe, for example, it is important that you do not place the face covering on the table.

Wash your face covering regularly and follow the washing instructions for the fabric. You can use your normal detergent. You can wash and dry it with other laundry. You must throw away your face covering if it is damaged.

The government has also published guidance on the safe disposal of waste for the public and businesses.

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Face coverings: when to wear one, exemptions, and how to make your own

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This page explains: what face coverings are how face coverings can reduce the transmission of coronavirus (COVID-19) the settings in which they need to be worn how face coverings should be safely used and stored This information is based on current scientific evidence and is subject to change.

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The best available scientific evidence is that, when used correctly, wearing a face covering may reduce the spread of coronavirus droplets, helping to protect everyone.

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When you do not need to wear a face covering 

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When you do not need to wear a face covering 

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'where putting on, wearing or removing a face covering will cause you severe distress'

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
This page explains:

what face coverings are

how face coverings can reduce the transmission of coronavirus (COVID-19)

the settings in which they need to be worn

how face coverings should be safely used and stored

This information is based on current scientific evidence and is subject to change.

This information relates to the use of face coverings in public spaces where social distancing is not always possible. It is important to follow all the other government advice on coronavirus (COVID-19), including staying safe outside your home.

What a face covering is

In the context of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, a face covering is something which safely covers the nose and mouth.

There are many types of face coverings available. Cloth face coverings and disposable face coverings work best if they are made with multiple layers (at least 2) and form a good fit around the face. Bandanas or religious garments may be used but are likely to be less effective if they do not fit securely around the face.

Face coverings are not classified as PPE (personal protective equipment) which is used in a limited number of settings to protect wearers against hazards and risks, such as surgical masks or respirators used in medical and industrial settings.

Face coverings are instead largely intended to protect others, not the wearer, against the spread of infection because they cover the nose and mouth, which are the main confirmed sources of transmission of virus that causes coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

If you wish to find out more about the differences between surgical face masks, PPE face masks, and face coverings see the MHRA's (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) regulatory status of equipment being used to help prevent coronavirus (COVID-19).

Face visors or shields

A face visor or shield may be worn in addition to a face covering but not instead of one. This is because face visors or shields do not adequately cover the nose and mouth, and do not filter airborne particles.

When to wear a face covering

There are some places where you must wear a face covering by law, unless you are exempt or have a reasonable excuse (see When you do not need to wear a face covering below).

You can find out more about the different rules across the UK on the relevant regional websites:

In England you must wear a face covering in the following indoor settings (examples are given in brackets):

public transport (aeroplanes, trains, trams and buses)

taxis and private hire vehicles

transport hubs (airports, rail and tram stations and terminals, maritime ports and terminals, bus and coach stations and terminals)

shops and supermarkets (places which offer goods or services for retail sale or hire)

shopping centres (malls and indoor markets)

auction houses

premises providing hospitality (bars, pubs, restaurants, cafes), except when seated at a table to eat or drink (see exemptions)

post offices, banks, building societies, high-street solicitors and accountants, credit unions, short-term loan providers, savings clubs and money service businesses

estate and lettings agents

theatres

premises providing personal care and beauty treatments (hair salons, barbers, nail salons, massage centres, tattoo and piercing parlours)

premises providing veterinary services

visitor attractions and entertainment venues (museums, galleries, cinemas, theatres, concert halls, cultural and heritage sites, aquariums, indoor zoos and visitor farms, bingo halls, amusement arcades, adventure activity centres, indoor sports stadiums, funfairs, theme parks, casinos, skating rinks, bowling alleys, indoor play areas including soft-play areas)

libraries and public reading rooms

places of worship

funeral service providers (funeral homes, crematoria and burial ground chapels)

community centres, youth centres and social clubs

exhibition halls and conference centres

public areas in hotels and hostels

storage and distribution facilities

You are expected to wear a face covering before entering any of these settings and must keep it on until you leave unless there is a reasonable excuse for removing it.

You should also wear a face covering in indoor places not listed here where social distancing may be difficult and where you will come into contact with people you do not normally meet.

Face coverings are needed in NHS settings, including hospitals and primary or community care settings, such as GP surgeries. They are also advised to be worn in care homes.

The Department for Education ( DfE) has updated its guidance on the use of face coverings for schools and other education institutions that teach people in year 7 and above in England.

Enforcement measures for failing to comply with this law

Premises where face coverings are required should take reasonable steps to promote compliance with the law.

The police can take measures if members of the public do not comply with this law without a valid exemption and transport operators can deny access to their public transport services if a passenger is not wearing a face covering, or direct them to wear one or leave a service.

If necessary the police and Transport for London (TfL) officers have enforcement powers, including issuing fines of £200 (reduced to £100 if paid within 14 days) for the first offence.

Repeat offenders receiving fines on public transport or in an indoor setting will have their fines doubled at each offence.

After the first offence there will be no discount. For example, receiving a second fine will amount to £400 and a third fine will be £800, up to a maximum value of £6,400.

When you do not need to wear a face covering

In settings where face coverings are required in England there are some circumstances where people may not be able to wear a face covering.

Please be mindful and respectful of such circumstances. Some people are less able to wear face coverings, and the reasons for this may not be visible to others.

This includes (but is not limited to):

children under the age of 11 (Public Health England does not recommend face coverings for children under the age of 3 for health and safety reasons)

people who cannot put on, wear or remove a face covering because of a physical or mental illness or impairment, or disability

where putting on, wearing or removing a face covering will cause you severe distress

if you are speaking to or providing assistance to someone who relies on lip reading, clear sound or facial expressions to communicate

to avoid harm or injury, or the risk of harm or injury, to yourself or others ‒ including if it would negatively impact on your ability to exercise or participate in a strenuous activity

police officers and other emergency workers, given that this may interfere with their ability to serve the public

There are also scenarios when you are permitted to remove a face covering:

if asked to do so in a bank, building society, or post office for identification

if asked to do so by shop staff or relevant employees for identification, for assessing health recommendations (for example by a pharmacist) or for age identification purposes, including when buying age restricted products such as alcohol

if required in order to receive treatment or services, for example when getting a facial

in order to take medication

if you are delivering a sermon or prayer in a place of worship

if you are the persons getting married in a relevant place

if you are undertaking exercise or an activity and it would negatively impact your ability to do so

if you are an elite sports person, professional dancer or referee acting in the course of your employment

when seated to eat or drink in a hospitality premise such as a pub, bar, restaurant or cafe. You must put a face covering back on once you finish eating or drinking

The government's guidance for keeping workers and customers safe during COVID-19 in restaurants, pubs, bars and takeaway services clearly advises that designated indoor seating areas for customers to eat or drink should at this time only be open for table service, where possible, alongside additional infection control measures.

Exemption cards

If you have an age, health or disability reason for not wearing a face covering:

you do not routinely need to show any written evidence of this

you do not need show an exemption card

This means that you do not need to seek advice or request a letter from a medical professional about your reason for not wearing a face covering.

However, some people may feel more comfortable showing something that says they do not have to wear a face covering. This could be in the form of an exemption card, badge or even a home-made sign.

Carrying an exemption card or badge is a personal choice and is not required by law.

If you wish to use an exemption card or badge, you can download exemption card templates. You can then print these yourself or show them on a mobile device. Please note that the government is not able to provide physical exemption cards or badges.

If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a version of these templates in a more accessible format, please email publiccorrespondence@cabinetoffice.gov.uk. Please say what format you need the template in and what assistive technology you use.

For exemptions in different parts of the UK please refer to the specific guidance for Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

The reason for using face coverings

Coronavirus (COVID-19) spreads from person to person through:

small droplets

clouds of tiny airborne particles known as aerosols

direct contact

These droplets can also be picked up from surfaces if you touch a surface and then your face without washing your hands first. This is why social distancing, regular hand hygiene and covering coughs and sneezes is so important in controlling the spread of the virus.

The best available scientific evidence is that, when used correctly, wearing a face covering may reduce the spread of coronavirus droplets in certain circumstances, helping to protect others.

Because face coverings are mainly intended to protect others from coronavirus (COVID-19) rather than the wearer, they are not a replacement for social distancing and regular hand washing. It is important to follow all the other government advice on coronavirus (COVID-19), including staying safe outside your home. If you have recent onset of any of the most important symptoms of coronavirus (COVID-19):

a new continuous cough

a high temperature

a loss of, or change in, your normal sense of smell or taste (anosmia)

you and your household must isolate at home: wearing a face covering does not change this. You should arrange to have a test to see if you have COVID-19.

How to wear a face covering

Face coverings with multiple layers and which fit snugly around the face work best. It is important that any face covering is worn correctly and handled with care. A face covering should:

cover your nose and mouth while allowing you to breathe comfortably (a nose wire may help with fit)

fit comfortably but securely against the side of the face

be secured to the head with ties or ear loops

be made of a material that you find to be comfortable and breathable, such as cotton

ideally include at least 2 layers of fabric (the World Health Organization recommends 3, depending on the fabric used)

unless disposable, it should be able to be washed with other items of laundry according to fabric washing instructions and dried without causing the face covering to be damaged. Single-use disposable masks should not be washed and reused.

When wearing a face covering you should:

wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for 20 seconds or use hand sanitiser before putting a face covering on

avoid wearing on your neck or forehead

avoid touching the part of the face covering in contact with your mouth and nose, as it could be contaminated with the virus

change the face covering if it becomes damp or if you've touched it

avoid taking it off and putting it back on a lot in quick succession (for example, when leaving and entering shops on a high street)

When removing a face covering:

wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for 20 seconds or use hand sanitiser before removing

only handle the straps, ties or clips

do not give it to someone else to use

if single-use, dispose of it carefully in a residual waste bin and do not recycle

if reusable, wash it in line with manufacturer's instructions at the highest temperature appropriate for the fabric

wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for 20 seconds or use hand sanitiser once removed

Face coverings at work

The Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy ( BEIS) has provided detailed guidance for specific workplace settings. Employers must make sure that the risk assessment for their business addresses the risks of COVID-19, using BEIS guidance to inform decisions and control measures including close proximity working.

It is important to note that coronavirus (COVID-19) needs to be managed through a hierarchy or system of control, including social distancing, high standards of hand hygiene, increased surface cleaning, fixed teams or partnering, and other measures such as using screens or barriers to separate people from each other.

These measures remain the best ways of managing risk in the workplace, but there are some circumstances when wearing a face covering may be marginally beneficial and a precautionary measure; this will largely be to protect others and not the wearer. Normal policies relating to occupational workwear and PPE will continue to apply.

Staff in indoor settings

Face coverings must be worn by retail, leisure and hospitality staff working in any indoor area that is open to the public and where they're likely to come into contact with a member of the public. This includes:

If these businesses have taken steps in line with Health and Safety Executive guidance for COVID-19 secure workplaces to create a physical barrier between workers and members of the public then staff behind the barrier will not be required to wear a face covering.

For other indoor settings, employers should assess the use of face coverings on a case-by-case basis depending on the workplace environment, other appropriate mitigations they have put in place, and whether exemptions or reasonable excuses apply.

Employees should continue to follow guidance from their employer based on a workplace health and safety assessment.

For recommendations and requirements in specific settings please check the government's workplace settings guidance.

Transport workers

Transport workers are not required to wear a face covering by law. However, face coverings offer some benefits in situations where social distancing is difficult to manage. For example, when working in passenger facing roles, including when providing assistance to disabled passengers.

Public health advice is that staff wear a face covering when they are unable to maintain social distancing in passenger facing roles, recognising that there will be exceptional circumstances when a staff member cannot wear a face covering, or when their task makes it sensible (based on a risk assessment) for them not to wear a face covering.

Buying and selling face coverings

In the UK face coverings are being sold by a large number of retailers online and in store. Due to the complexity of the different contexts in which COVID-19 can spread and the rapidly changing and growing evidence base on the effectiveness of face masks and coverings, there are currently no mandatory UK product standards for face coverings.

Face coverings which are sold must meet the existing requirements of the General Product Safety Regulations 2005. Further details can be found in the Office for Product and Safety Standards (OPSS) guidance for manufacturers of face coverings.

Making your own face covering

If you want to make your own face covering, instructions are widely available online. We do not endorse any particular method but be considerate of materials and fabrics that may irritate different skin types.

Emerging evidence suggests that the risk of transmission may be reduced by using thicker fabrics or multiple layers. However, the face covering should still be breathable.

Children should make face coverings under the supervision of an adult and face coverings for children should be secured to the head using ear loops only.

If you would like more information on how to make a face covering with materials from around your home please visit the Big Community Sew website. Here you will find step-by-step video tutorials on how to make face coverings and other useful tips and advice.

Maintaining and disposing of face coverings

Do not touch the front of the face covering, or the part of the face covering that has been in contact with your mouth and nose.

Once removed, store reusable face coverings in a plastic bag until you have an opportunity to wash them. If the face covering is single use, dispose of it in a residual waste bin. Do not put them in a recycling bin.

Make sure you clean any surfaces the face covering has touched using normal household cleaning products. If eating in a cafe, for example, it is important that you do not place the face covering on the table.

Wash your face covering regularly and follow the washing instructions for the fabric. You can use your normal detergent. You can wash and dry it with other laundry. You must throw away your face covering if it is damaged.

The government has also published guidance on the safe disposal of waste for the public and businesses.

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Face coverings: when to wear one, exemptions, and how to make your own

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This page explains: what face coverings are how face coverings can reduce the transmission of coronavirus (COVID-19) the settings in which they need to be worn how face coverings should be safely used and stored This information is based on current scientific evidence and is subject to change.

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A weekly report covering adverse reactions to approved COVID-19 vaccines

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A weekly report covering adverse reactions to approved COVID-19 vaccines

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We use some essential cookies to make this website work.

We'd like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services.

We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine adverse reactions

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We use some essential cookies to make this website work. We'd like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services.

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Have you had a reaction following a vaccination?

1. Contact your healthcare provider.

2. Report an Adverse Event using the VAERS online form or the downloadable PDF. New!

Important: If you are experiencing a medical emergency, seek immediate assistance from a healthcare provider or call 9-1-1. CDC and FDA do not provide individual medical treatment, advice, or diagnosis. If you need individual medical or health care advice, consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)

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Contact your healthcare provider. Report an Adverse Event using the VAERS online form or the downloadable PDF. New! Important: If you are experiencing a medical emergency, seek immediate assistance from a healthcare provider or call 9-1-1. CDC and FDA do not provide individual medical treatment, advice, or diagnosis.

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Source: AP Photo/Mary Altaffer, File

We've been told for well over a year that widespread forced public masking should be implemented because, even if only moderately to slightly to negligibly effective at curbing the spread of COVID-19, there are ZERO drawbacks.

"What's the harm?" they ask.

"It's only a minor inconvenience," they bleat.

"If it saves ONE LIFE, it's worth it!" they implore.

Meanwhile, we on Team Reality have not only continued to point to real-world data that shows masking to be entirely ineffective, we've also maintained that forced public masking, especially long-term, has negative societal and even health ramifications that the powers-that-be are all-too-happy to ignore in subservience to their newfound face mask god.

It only stands to reason that one of those health ramifications would be the fact that millions of people, particularly children, have been forced to wear and carry around pieces of cloth they've continually breathed through for hours on end. What lurking pathogens might be found on these disgusting contraptions being incessantly handled, stuck in pockets, and mindlessly tossed on books, tables, and desks? Well, one group of Florida parents sent a batch of masks worn by their children to a lab to find out. And yeah, you'll probably need to make sure you aren't eating dinner anytime soon before you digest THESE results.

Via press release:

Gainesville, FL (June 16, 2021) - A group of parents in Gainesville, FL, concerned about potential harms from masks, submitted six face masks to a lab for analysis. The resulting report found that five masks were contaminated with bacteria, parasites, and fungi, including three with dangerous pathogenic and pneumonia-causing bacteria. No viruses were detected on the masks, although the test is capable of detecting viruses.

The analysis detected the following 11 alarmingly dangerous pathogens on the masks:

* Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonia)

* Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis)

* Neisseria meningitidis (meningitis, sepsis)

* Acanthamoeba polyphaga (keratitis and granulomatous amebic encephalitis)

* Acinetobacter baumanni (pneumonia, blood stream infections, meningitis, UTIs- resistant to antibiotics)

* Escherichia coli (food poisoning)

* Borrelia burgdorferi (causes Lyme disease)

* Corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria)

* Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires' disease)

* Staphylococcus pyogenes serotype M3 (severe infections-high morbidity rates)

* Staphylococcus aureus (meningitis, sepsis)

Half of the masks were contaminated with one or more strains of pneumonia-causing bacteria. One-third were contaminated with one or more strains of meningitis-causing bacteria. One-third were contaminated with dangerous, antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. In addition, less dangerous pathogens were identified, including pathogens that can cause fever, ulcers, acne, yeast infections, strep throat, periodontal disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, and more.

The face masks studied were new or freshly-laundered before wearing and had been worn for 5 to 8 hours, most during in-person schooling by children aged 6 through 11. One was worn by an adult. A t-shirt worn by one of the children at school and unworn masks were tested as controls. No pathogens were found on the controls. Proteins found on the t-shirt, for example, are not pathogenic to humans and are commonly found in hair, skin, and soil.

A parent who participated in the study, Ms. Amanda Donoho, commented that this small sample points to a need for more research: "We need to know what we are putting on the faces of our children each day. Masks provide a warm, moist environment for bacteria to grow."

These local parents contracted with the lab because they were concerned about the potential of contaminants on masks that their children were forced to wear all day at school, taking them on and off, setting them on various surfaces, wearing them in the bathroom, etc. This prompted them to send the masks to the University of Florida's Mass Spectrometry Research and Education Center for analysis.

The below chart, put together by the group of parents, shows the potential dangers from each pathogen:

Appetizing, eh? Of course, nothing above, or anything else, will deter the extremists in the masking cult, some of whom now want to see masking in schools forever.

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A Group Of Parents Sent Their Kids' Face Masks to A Lab for Analysis. Here's What They Found

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Source: AP Photo/Mary Altaffer, File We've been told for well over a year that widespread forced public masking should be implemented because, even if only moderately to slightly to negligibly effective at curbing the spread of COVID-19, there are ZERO drawbacks. "What's the harm?" they ask. "It's only a minor inconvenience," they bleat.

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New peer reviewed study on COVID-19 vaccines suggests why heart inflammation, blood clots and other dangerous side effects occur

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Alex talks with Dr. Byram Bridle, an Associate Professor on Viral Immunology at the University of Guelph about new peer-reviewed studies that suggests there may be terrifying reasons side effects such as heart inflammation, VITT, and other serious issues may occur in those who have been vaccinated. Let's get talking.

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Dr. Christiane Northrup, "What's In the COVID-19 Vaccines?"

AndrewTV
Published 14 days ago | Comments

Feel Free to Follow Andrew's Telegram Channel for more updates. https://t.me/andrewthureson

Christiane Northrup covid covid19 death doctors fraud murder testimonials vaccine vaccines

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Dr. Christiane Northrup, "What's In the COVID-19 Vaccines?"

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Dr. Christiane Northrup, "What's In the COVID-19 Vaccines?" AndrewTV Published 14 days ago | Comments Feel Free to Follow Andrew's Telegram Channel for more updates. https://t.me/andrewthureson Christiane Northrup covid covid19 death doctors fraud murder testimonials vaccine vaccines Get FREE email alerts of the most important BANNED videos in the world that are usually blacklisted by YouTube, Facebook, Google, Twitter and Vimeo.

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If People Get Jabbed After Watching This They Are Beyond Saving

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Dr Charles Morgan Discusses PSYCHO-NEUROBIOLOGY at West Point Military Acadeny 2018

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Listen carefully how so-called modern medicine can alter your DNA and "plug you into a computer", plus more. Scary stuff.

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Intra-body nano-network - Brief summary by Mik Andersen

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Links to 33 of the 51 individual VAERS records of children who have died following a Pfizer Injection (data to 17th December)

1. 5 months old boy, 1 day after Pfizer, exposure via breast milk: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1166062

2. 17 year old girl, 8 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1199455

3. 16 year old girl, 9 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1225942

4. 15 year old boy, 1 day after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1242573

5. 17 year old boy, 8 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1243487

6. 17 year old boy, 4 days after Pfizer injection:
https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1307657

7. 15 year old boy, 23 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1382906

8. 16 year old boy, 4 days after Pfizer injection:
https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1386841

9. 17 year old girl, 15 days after Pfizer injection:
https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1388042

10. 13 year old boy, 1 day after Pfizer injection:
https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1406840

11. 16 year old girl, 21 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1420630

12. 17 year old girl, 6 days after Pfizer injection:
https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1420762

13. 13 year old boy, 17 days after Pfizer injection:
https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1431289

14. 16 year old boy, 27 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1466009

15. 16 year old boy, 6 days after Pfizer injection:
https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1475434

16. 16 year old boy, 4 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1498080

17. 13 year old girl, 26 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1505250

18. 13 year old girl, days until death after Pfizer injection not noted https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1655100

19. 17 year old boy, 94 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1689212

20. 16 year old girl, 9 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1694568

21. 11 year old girl, days until death after Pfizer injection not noted https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?
IDNUMBER=1696757

22. 16 year old boy, 23 days after Pfizer injection https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1734141

23. 16 year old girl, 1 day after Pfizer injection:
https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1757635

24. 15 year old boy, 6 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1764974

25. 12 year old girl, 22 days after Pfizer injection:
https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1784945

26. 13 year old female, 15 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1815096

27. 17 year old girl, 33 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1815295

28. 16 year old girl, days until death after Pfizer injection not noted https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1823671

29. 17 year old girl, 36 days after Pfizer injection:
https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1828901

30. 16 year old girl, 9 days after Pfizer injection:
https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1854668

31. 16 year old girl, 2 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1865389

32. 5 year old girl, 4 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1890705

33. 16 year old boy, 8 days after Pfizer injection: https://medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php?IDNUMBER=1576798

RIP

https://t.me/LauraAbolichannel

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AB v Tapton School Academy Trust Approved Judgment(2)

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Lawyer - Mina Dew
The Corona Virus Act 2020 is not LAW - it is an ACT, and an ACT only has the force of law if one consents to it.
If no consent, then no law is broken and no authority to issue fines. What is the Crime, for a crime there must be a victim.

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Kary Banks Mullis who invented the (RT) PCR Test has repeatedly said that it should not be use to test for infectious diseases.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique https://off-guardian.org/2020/06/27/covid19-pcr-tests-are-scientifically-meaningless/

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The PCR works by replicating a section of DNA many time to create a Polymer, which is a large molecule made up of repeated sub-units of the same small sub molecule, these factor mega molecules make it easier to study and find a DNA sample.

PCR test cannot detect free infectious viruses. PCR Test picks up on genetic material. SARS Cov2 (does not exist).
The RT-PCR test does not identify/detect the Covid-19 virus. What it detects are fragments of several viruses.

RT-PCR test is a real-time (reverse transcription) polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
https://youtu.be/Gu7AbcKTSM8  (deleted)
1. PCR tests are meaningless as a diagnostic tool
2. PCR is picking up fragments of RNA or DNA - which can be amplified to find small traces which can be found in all humans.
UK amplifies at 45 cycles
3. (99.74%) of infected cases survive
The reported infection rate us increasing but the death rate us flat lined
4. (0.26) actually died - but if you look at the Comorbidity ( comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional conditions) those people had secondary illnesses
5. (99.9%) of the world’s population have already been exposed to COVID19. It no different to a common cold.
6. It all comes down to mandatory vaccines
The genetic primers and popes used to identity SARS Cov2 in the PCR Test, do not target can not identify any

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Test Kits - sterile (eo) ethylene-oxide

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/ethylene-oxide

The ability of ethylene oxide to damage DNA makes it an effective sterilizing agent but also accounts for its cancer-causing activity

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In program No. 63, La Quinta Columna (biostatistician Ricardo Delgado and Dr. José Luis Sevillano) shared some of the many photographs of the analyses that the team of researchers with whom they work have obtained after subjecting the substance to different techniques to determine each of its components.

As promised, they have delivered; the results are mind-blowing. Their theories about the presence of graphene oxide in the vials have been confirmed: there is definitely graphene oxide in the vials. All the suspicions they had about it have been allayed.

This program has been, perhaps, the most important to date due to the amount of information and evidence presented.

During the transmission, Ricardo Delgado clarified the following: "First of all, we are not saying that we are anti-vaccine. The problem is that this is not a vaccine, this is a dose of graphene to a person. "

As always, Orwell City has selected the key moments of the program along with the explanations given by La Quinta Columna.

Ricardo Delgado: What we are going to do from now on is to show the images we have from the optical microscope and electron microscope analysis of the vial.

I am going to show you a series of photographs. Pay close attention and then we are going to compare them with a material. We are also going to show the same photographs compared with this material and you can draw your own conclusions. But, as I say, those who have to draw them are the technicians and the doctors and professors who have made the study. However, it is important for you to know this because we always say that when someone goes to eat a hamburger, they ask what ingredients are in it. Well, they should at least know first hand what is in the vial, since they are going to inject it into their vein, right?

Well, this is TEM electron microscopy which is transmission electron microscopy. The electron microscope used is the JEM-2100Plus.

Let's start with the electron microscope. This is what appears in the vial.

What you are seeing there, that whole area, the size is a micron, a micrometer which would be a thousand nanometers under the electron microscope. What you see, this suspicious mesh, is what we had to find out what it was in the first place.

Apart from this, other studies have been made that have determined what you already know. Nevertheless, let's continue with the analysis of the photograph. The truth is that it looks like a satanic mesh. Let's take a look at another one.

Here, also at 1 micrometer, a micron, which is one millionth of a meter and a thousand times more than a nanometer. There you see it a little bit better. Let's see another one.

Here it is even more enlarged: 5 times more at 200 nanometers. And what I want you to notice is especially this blackish thing that appears over there as a kind of mesh, because what's behind it are probably the holes, probably.

Here's another one at 200 nanometers, but with a little bit more light. And as I say, the interesting thing in fact is the mesh, this mesh that covers everything.

This is a sample photo taken from the scientific literature:

That is what I want you to see. Now I'm going to put the image on the left of the vaccine sample and on the right of the graphene. And you draw your own conclusions.

The first one is at 200 nanometers and the second one is at 500. Anyway, as I say, all the people who have worked with this material, obviously, when they have been presented with this material, have told us that without any doubt it is graphene oxide.

Apart from the evidence, as I say, of spectroscopy and magnetic resonance, we are now going to see some images under the optical microscope. These have much less magnification, but it is also significant. As you can see, this is the vial sample.

It appears as a kind of fold. The way they have of giving it to us to understand it, is as if it was a Kleenex (napkins) that has folds and they appear in the bottom of a swimming pool. That is practically what they tell us. They tell me here to expand it a little bit more:

Well, that's one of the optical microscope photographs with enough light, natural in this case, but with enough light. Let's see another one. I'll zoom in it as well.

The characteristic thing is, as I say, is that it's like it's a piece of rag, a piece of Kleenex, that's the word. With certain folds at the bottom of something. Let's look at some more photos.

It can be seen that it has a little bit of elevation and it is important.

This is another one.

That's what's in the vaccine, okay? The vast majority of it. Another:

Still, look at the folds as if it were such a handkerchief. This is the characteristic shape of this material. Let's see another.

This is optical microscopy, it has much lower magnification than what you have seen before at the nanometer level.

Another one. There are many, I have chosen the most representative ones.

Note the folds. Many times they are not evenly distributed or rectilinear figures, although most of them are. This is another one of them.

De hecho, creo que es la misma, pero con un poquito menos de ampliación. Ahora van a ver ustedes una con luz, para que se vea un poquito mejor.

And now we are going to do the same: I am going to show you one under the optical microscope, one of the sample, one of those that you have already seen, and below, but they will be in black and white, of graphene oxide. From the GO. Let's take a look at it.

Above is the vial sample photo, both this one and the same one with light and below are the graphene nanoparticles. There is a resemblance. I tell you that what changes is the light in this case, and here they are taken in black and white. And this one is also very representative. Let's compare the left one with the right one.

Here we have the sample on the left, which is the vaccine sample, and on the right in black and white, which was taken from the scientific literature, of graphene nanoparticles. Well, as I say, photos taken by people who work with this material and who have not hesitated to tell us that they also have the folds and characteristics of graphene oxide.

Well, as I have said, we have put this for your consideration. Of course, there are other techniques, even more evident and conclusive than the observation itself, which are already so. They already are. Especially those of absorption bands -the absorbance bands they are called-, with certain wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum and which give the signal, precisely, the peaks in the graphene oxide.

But all of this, as I say, although it is not up to us to do it, in due course, will be told by the doctors who have done this study, doctors from an official public institution in our country. When the time comes, those persons will even be interviewed and will present the report live, probably, or will make a video for us and we will also illustrate it here on the channel. But we, as we said and as we promised, we were going to put these photographs for you to see. We had no doubt because of the magnetic effect that it caused initially, and we also had no doubts about what was going, what is going in there. Now we know it much better and without any doubt. Precisely this already confirmed hypothesis in theory, and is what allows us to extrapolate all the conclusions that we have been making in La Quinta columna, the last few programs.

Ricardo Delgado: Today's program, because I think it has been quite complete, above all, because of the images of the road that you were waiting for. There is someone who has asked if they can put the images elsewhere, well, you can do whatever you want. I can already tell you that you are going to be criticized, they are going to say: "This man has taken the images and has put the images he wanted!" I do not even want to give ideas, but obviously if we see that magnetism is being denied, imagine this. Because it hurts them.

Nevertheless, we will soon be submitting an expert report from the people who carried out the analysis. They are specialists and also work in official and public institutes and institutions. Once someone wants to discuss the results of the analysis, it is as simple as to make another one and contrast it, which is how it is done in the scientific method. You don't do a "Sálvame" program, nor do you go on TV to Risto's program. It is done at an internal and scientific level, and let them debate everything they have to debate, let them come to us with another analysis. Weren't people out there who had said they were going to make an analysis? Then let's do it, let us know what they you have found and then we can discuss. Or they can discuss with our researchers. In this sense, there is nothing more to say in this regard..

When the time comes, this information will be made public and will be made known to all of you, of course. And from then on, you will have to decide from now on, you should decide what you have to do: not to submit to this process of inoculation of graphene to the whole population. Do not allow under any circumstances -well, I do not even have to tell you anything about keeping your children away from being inoculated with this material- you yourselves, your relatives, to be directly grapheneated, to be inoculated with graphene oxide, because that is what is in the vial. Because that is what is in the vial. Do you want to comment something José Luis before closing the live broadcast??

Dr. José Luis Sevillano: No, just that: that every day that goes by there are more people with magnetic arms and they are people who are on our side. But we have that imminence at our doorstep that gets us in and we have to hurry. We have to make a lot of people aware, as many people as we can. That's my message today. And reason and truth are on our side. There is no complex. Anyone who contradicts this information about the vial, etcetera, etcetera, well, nothing happens; let him explain to you why the arm is magnetic. Even if he tells you: " It does not exist", then let him tell millions of people who wear it. So we have reason and truth on our side and we want very much that we and the people of the generations to come are not magnetically marked cattle, controlled from a distance and made sick because of that control. We have a challenge. Never has humanity had such an important challenge and we have to fight the battle.

Ricardo Delgado: That is good. You have seen the optical microscope and electron microscope images. I don't remember if it's emission and transmission microscopy...?

Dr. José Luis Sevillano: Transmission electron and optical transmission electron microscope. Yes, that's very interesting. What we've seen there. It has the value that it has. You have to believe what we are saying because it comes from the sources that are analyzing it. The report will be ready soon, because they are about to... it is already done, surely. But well, we need to make it official in the sense that we will see how we present it, where, how all this is done, but the work is done.

Ricardo Delgado: We still need to decide on the language. We will put it in several languages so that it can be spread all over the net and go where it needs to go. The German lawyer Reiner Fuellmich was also initially informed. We don't know if this is going to work out that way, but as we always say: this will be finished from the bottom up. Of course it will be denounced, it will be legally denounced. You already know how justice works: it will go to Spanish courts, they will talk about traceability, it will go to the court in The Hague and then to the International Criminal Court. But obviously our job is to get to the end and we will exhaust all avenues. But the first and most important is that you have the knowledge of what is really happening.

Dr. José Luis Sevillano: That's right, and let's stop this. Let it all stop. Everything. To see that the next move is made by them, because at the moment they don't give an answer. That is an answer. Not giving an answer is an answer that should make us alert. Courage! And you know that reason and truth are on our side. Science is on our side. Wherever you put your hand looking for articles, everything speaks of this. Do not have problems, there is nothing against this version that we are giving here. Only that which speaks of all the virology of this last year, which is all false if you realize it. Everything is false, it does not stand up, there are contradictions, everything is confusing or never seen. You can concentrate on that version, but you will lose. On the other hand, in this one, if you go in search of information as we have done, everything fits. Everything we have seen in the last year and what we are seeing and what we are going to see fits perfectly..

Don't miss La Quinta Columna's daily programs and start following Dr. José Luis Sevillano and biostatistician Ricardo Delgado on , , and .

Help spread the word about this article so others can learn more about this exceptional team.

-Orwellito.

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la quinta columna: analysis of vaccination vial confirms presence of graphene nanoparticles

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orwell city: la quinta columna: analysis of vaccination vial confirms presence of graphene nanoparticles

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ORWELL CITY: La Quinta Columna: Analysis of vaccination vial confirms presence of graphene nanoparticles

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In program No. 63 , La Quinta Columna (biostatistician Ricardo Delgado and Dr. José Luis Sevillano) shared some of the many photographs of the analyses that the team of researchers with whom they work have obtained after subjecting the substance to different techniques to determine each of its components.

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Comirnaty and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine

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Information about the Comirnaty and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine

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Solar Cycle Progression | NOAA / NWS Space Weather Prediction Center

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HF Radio: Weak or minor degradation of HF radio communication on sunlit side, occasional loss of radio contact. Navigation: Low-frequency navigation signals degraded for brief intervals.

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According to a recently released medical study, in a group of 37 sperm donors, across 220 samples collected, the impact of the mRNA COVID vaccine, BNT162b2 produced by Pfizer, caused men to experience a drop in fertility of more than 20%.

For more than two years now, experts have tried to deny that the FDA-approved Pfizer vaccine might impact fertility in both men and women.

In a report by NPR in 2021, experts referred to the claims as a "scare tactic" aimed at discouraging individuals from getting vaccinated. The article states that such false claims "specifically seek to undermine trust in Pfizer... despite the decades of research." Albeit there have not been decades of research related to mRNA COVID vaccines, a false claim by the mainstream media outlet.

Since then, multiple studies and reports have shown that the COVID vaccines have a direct adverse impact on women's menstrual cycles worldwide.

According to a report by USA Today in 2021, a study supported by the CDC and published in the Journal of the American Medical Associatio n, the vaccine showed no direct impact on fertility. The study, however, only looked a the individuals for 70 days, almost immediately after receiving the vaccine, leading to inconclusive data related to the long-term impacts of the vaccine.

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NEW - Pfizer's primary mRNA injections "temporarily" impair semen concentration and total motile count among donors.

The scope of the study did not include the effects of additional "booster" injections. https://t.co/wRtL6bCxdx

- Disclose.tv (@disclosetv) June 19, 2022

The most recent study was enacted due to concerns about the vaccines' "possible detrimental impact on male fertility."

In the latest study , released this week, the participants were studied for five months after receiving the vaccine according to CDC recommendations. Each participant provided multiple samples, spread out throughout the study's duration.

The results showed a staggering drop in male fertility, with the average decrease being 22.1% across the study group.

The study concludes, "Systemic immune response after BNT162b2 vaccine is a reasonable cause for transient semen concentration and TMC decline."

In short, the Pfizer COVID vaccine does in fact reduce male fertility.

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CONFIRMED: Pfizer's COVID Vaccine Reduces Sperm Count in Men, Another Adverse Affect Of The Forced Vaccine Tyranny

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According to a recently released medical study, in a group of 37 sperm donors, across 220 samples collected, the impact of the mRNA COVID vaccine, BNT162b2 produced by Pfizer, caused men to experience a drop in fertility of more than 20%.