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This case is considered a "'classic' free speech case" in Constitutional law classes.

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Communication that might hurt the reputation of someone else.

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Communication of a false statement that harms the reputation of, depending on the law of the country

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all people born are naturalized in the United States.

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

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Guarantees a jury trial for civil cases in the federal courts.

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Speech attacking basic institutions of government, including particular governmental leaders.

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Fair Trial

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Ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of their citizenship.

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It covers a number of topics and issues including the grand jury, double jeopardy, self-incrimination.

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Blacks in certain neighborhoods produces neighborhood schools that are segregated

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Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures.

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Right to bear arms

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Freedom of speech or press

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Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act from 1968 was unconstitutional which violated the Establishment Clause.

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That prohibits particular instances of expression.

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Courts apply when considering constitutional questions, including due process or equal protection

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Ruled that states are required to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys.

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A doctrine that came to be known as separate but equal.

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Unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters.

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Laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions.

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Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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Were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the South.

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An active effort to improve employment or educational opportunities for members of minority groups.

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Along with poll taxes, residency and property restrictions and extra-legal activities were all used to deny suffrage to African Americans.

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Protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures

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United States Constitution requiring that states guarantee the same rights, privileges, and protections to all citizens.

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Supreme Court ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination.

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American state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional.

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Which declared school-sponsored prayer in public schools unconstitutional. Parents objected to this.

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Is the doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states.

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Used to describe actions that purposefully convey a certain message.

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U of C upheld affirmative action allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.

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Reasonable cause to make a search.

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Legal separation of groups in a society.

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Refers to a characteristic used in applying a law, such as race

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Involves conveying an idea or message through behavior

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The persecution of a person twice for the same offense

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Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, mostly citizen's entitlement.

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A clause in the 1st amendment that prohibits the establishment of religion.

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Law that prohibitive use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trail.