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http://www.horsewelfare.ca/horse-welfare-resources/124-handling-guidelines-horse-welfare

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Behavioral Disorders in Donkeys (post 17)

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Behavioral Disorders in Donkeys (post 17)

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Donkeys typically eat high fiber diets staying away from high proteins and carbs in feed. Donkeys shouldn't eat all day like horses. They can become overweight easily so they should be fed a few time a day. Donkeys also don't require as much water.

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1. The neonate allows the mare to groom them by her licking them.
2. The neonate will try to stand and suckle on the mare.
3. Neonate then seeks mothers warmth.

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3 Maternal behaviors post birth (post 14 again)

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3 Maternal behaviors post birth (post 14 again)

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1. The mare will lick the foal clean of the amniotic fluid.
2. Mares will allow foals to suck and/or help them by nudging.
3. They continue interactions with foal to keep their bond.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kniSpQ8GId8

This video shows Daisy a female donkey standing immobile for mounting, meanwhile; peeing to release her estrous scent along with raising her tail.

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Male donkeys can use the olfactory cues from urine of a female that is in estrous.

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Donkeys first mark their territory by braying or pooping in an area. They then claim their herd by peeing on their poop. If another male tries to enter their territory the dominant donkey will look alert with his ears pointing forward.
https://animals.mom.me/how-do-donkeys-show-dominance-12303634.html

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Donkeys are typically known for being territorial which makes them a good herding animal. This picture below shows a herding territory.

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Visual: When donkeys are alarmed/ don't like something you will see their ears perk up along with their eye widening like horses.
Auditory: Bray which can mean distress or a greeting.
Tactile: Nuzzling, allogrooming, mock fighting, playing, and they also have two different methods of greeting including: "Nose to nose" or "Flank to genitals".
Chemical/smell: They use the Flehmen response which we discussed in class as the curling of the lip from the touch or taste of a female in estrous urine.
https://www.coursera.org/lecture/horse-care/how-horses-and-donkeys-communicate-xyRt7

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Donkeys a typically fenced in throughout the day.  They are occasionally used to work stubborn animals like cattle.

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I chose this picture because this donkey has different hair color than your typical donkey. His genes allowed him to have white through out his body. Meanwhile, the typical donkey has a white belly, white nose, and dark grey on the rest of the body.

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I chose to study the donkey species this semester. I did not grow up on a farm; however, I grew up in the country. I was familiar with the typical cattle and swine farms. Meanwhike, I did not think about other animals affecting the farm. When I started school at ISU I had a teammate who lived on a farm. She invited me to her place and it was love at first site. I thought her donkey was the coolest animal I had ever seen. He was also unbalievably friendly. Ever since then, Eeyore is my favorite animal and I would love to learn more about him and his behaviors.

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Donkeys typically pull grass in with their lips, however they originate in the desert. Since they eat grass and are in a dessert they don't have a whole lot of food.
Citation
Bradford, A. (2016, March 31). Facts About Donkeys. Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/54258-donkeys.html

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The donkeys being pre-trained in this article are displaying classical conditioning. The donkeys were being led or touched by a human so that they become familiar with their human. After a while the donkey will just follow the human holding their halter and not have to be pulled.

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The Milner Library proxy server will allow authorized individuals to use the indexes and databases when connecting through a computer off-campus.

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This page talked about donkeys being trained between the ages of being a new born- 10 months. This told me that donkeys learn the most before being weaned from their mothers.

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Donkeys have to chew their food in order to prepare it for digestion. As the article said "animal’s species, body size, physiologic state, level of intake, amount of fiber in the diet, physical form of the feed, and the size of the feed particle" all affect the feeding behavior (  P J P J Mueller). In Mueller's' study, he theorized that donkeys consume more quickly than ruminants because they do not chew their food as well.