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Huxley used "Brave New World" to warn about society and what some of the problems that are happening during his lifetime could get worse and eventually become the worst possible outcome from the situation. This TED Talk is about how people show not being ashamed of casually sex, something which the inhabitants of the World State enjoy, especially Lenina.

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Terri Conley: We need to rethink casual sex

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Social psychologist and sex researcher Terri Conley thinks it's high time we stop feeling guilty about enjoying casual sex-no matter what society says. In this entertaining talk, Conley interrogates three common myths about sexuality and gender and suggests a few new, guilt-free ways to think about our sex lives.

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"Drawn by the fascination of the horror of pain and, from within, impelled by that habit of cooperation, that desire for unanimity and atonement, which their conditioning had so inextricably implanted in them, they began to mime the frenzy of his gestures, striking at one another as the Savage struck at his own rebellious flesh, or at that plump incarnation of turpitude writhing in the heather at his feet." In this statement, John uses Lenina as a personification of all of the immoral things in the World State, and he severely beats her as a result

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The Disturbing Sexualization of Really Young Girls

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The Disturbing Sexualization of Really Young Girls

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This article is just one of many real life examples that we can find showing that what Aldous Huxley was writing about in his book is happen in real time. Although it is not the extreme that Huxley has portrayed in his book, “Brave New World”, it does not mean that in the future it could happen.

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Whenever I think popular culture, and the companies that control it for their own profiteering ends, has gone as low as it can go in its wanton disregard for basic decency in general and children in particular, it always seems to find a way to dig deeper within itself and discover new depths to plumb.

Cases in point was the release of a new line of girls' bathing suits by the actress Elizabeth Hurley that has caused quite a stir, along with two recent research studies that, taken in toto, should leave any parent of a young girl absolutely mortified. This isn't the first time I've explored the unhealthy relationship between popular culture and girls. It's such a big issue for me because I have two young daughters of my own. I see them surrounded by these awful messages and want to do everything I can to protect them for as long as I can (while recognizing that I can't protect them forever).

Some might argue that all this concern for young girls' exposure to sexuality is just much ado about nothing. These girls are just wearing clothes that are fun and they don't even know what sex is. Or we Americans are such prudes; girls in other parts of the world run around naked and no one cares. Or girls might as well get used to it because that's the world they are now growing up in.

But my harsh reaction isn't about religious beliefs, personal standards of conduct, or legal views on decency. Rather, my condemnation is based on my own work in child development and parenting as well as the latest research on the impact of early exposure of sexuality to girls' development. And the impact of this early sexualization of girls is real and it ain't good.

As I write about in my third parenting book, Your Children are Listening: Nine Messages They Need to Hear From You, children are sponges for the early messages they get. Further, thanks to television, movies, and the Internet, popular culture sends its unhealthy messages loudly and persistently, drowning out other healthier messages (e.g., from parents) that might be trying to get through. When children are exposed to these messages enough, they can't help but internalize them and make them their own. And, sadly, these unhealthy messages shape the values, attitudes, and beliefs they come to hold about themselves and the world. It's not hard to see, then, how early exposure to sexuality can set girls on an unhealthy life path.

A recent study found that girls as young as six years old wanted to be like dolls who were dressed in a sexy way compared to dolls who were dressed stylishly, but covered up. These young girls associated being sexy with being the way they wanted to look, being popular in school, and who they wanted to play with. Another finding of the study was the girls who spent a lot of time with media and who had mothers who were overly invested in their own appearance were more likely to identify with the sexily clad dolls.

One study found that about one-third of the clothes for girls sold had "sexualizing characteristics." Interestingly, most of these clothes also had age-appropriate elements, perhaps obscuring the sexual side of the designs.

So, what impact does all of this have on young girls? It definitely not good. An American Psychological Association task force report found that girls who are exposed to sexual messages in popular culture are more likely to have low self-esteem and depression, and suffer from eating disorders. I see girls in my daughters' school wiggling their behind, strutting their stuff, posing with hands on hips and one hip out, and giving off that "sassy" (code word for "sexy girl") attitude.

The bad news is that mothers can actually cause their young daughters to buy into this early equalization, potentially causing them to develop attitudes about their sexuality that can have serious long-term consequences on how they view themselves and their future sexual behavior.

But, thankfully, mothers' influence on their daughters is two sides of the same coin. The good news is that mothers also have the ability to mitigate this unhealthy messages about sexuality by limiting exposure to age-inappropriate sexuality, using early exposure to sexual messages as teachable moments, instilling healthy values and attitudes about sexuality, and, probably most importantly, not sexually objectifying themselves.

Hey, don't forget us fathers either in whether or not young girls see themselves as sexual beings. If you don't think dads have an impact, you're being naïve. Think about it. If you read men's magazines, ogle cheerleaders while watching football on TV, or get upset when your wife isn't all "dolled up," what messages are you sending to your daughters?

I can't really blame companies that sexualize young girls to fatten their bottom line. In the amoral free-market system, that is their reason for being. I do, however, blame the parents who buy this clearly inappropriate stuff, thus creating a market for these and other products that have no redeeming value and do plenty of harm. The calculus is simple: no demand, no market, no sexualization of girls. I do wonder about some of the executives of these companies who have young daughters of their own.

Is there any chance that we can convince the companies that sell sexuality to young girls to just stop it because it is wrong? No way! And I can't see our government doing anything that would place the welfare of children over the bottom line of Big Business (sorry for the cynicism). So, as is so often the case with children, the buck stops with us. We the parents have the power to turn our daughters into strong and confident women with a healthy relationship with their sexuality.

The choice is yours.

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The Disturbing Sexualization of Really Young Girls

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Whenever I think popular culture, and the companies that control it for their own profiteering ends, has gone as low as it can go in its wanton disregard for basic decency in general and children in particular, it always seems to find a way to dig deeper within itself and discover new depths to plumb.

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"Chastity means passion, chastity means neurasthenia. And passion and neurasthenia mean instability. And instability means the end of civilization. You can't have a lasting civilization without plenty of pleasant vices." This quote describes the World State's attitude towards sex perfectly. The people are taught to expect instant gratification, and the World State provides it for them, creating a docile society.

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TED-Ed talk about classical and operant conditioning

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TED-Ed talk about classical and operant conditioning

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Classical and Operant conditioning are the two ways to raise a child and teach them certain behaviors. In “Brave New World”, Huxley clearly states that everything that the inhabitants learn is taught from classical conditioning, when they are young, still fetuses, they are submitted to electroshock therapy to condition them to think a certain way about certain things. They are also continually conditioned with operant conditioning to take soma to stop them from feeling anything that might upset the balance of the community and the society as a whole.

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The difference between classical and operant conditioning - Peggy Andover

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" And being contented has none of the glamour of a good fight against misfortune, none of the picturesqueness of a struggle with temptation, or a fatal overthrow by passion or doubt. Happiness is never grand." This statement by Mustapha Mond ties into the themes of power, control and freedom. Mond is the only person in the novel that has full control of his actions, but he chooses to accept the artificial happiness that the rest of the citizens have no choice but to live through.

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"Do you like babies? Yes, babies. Mewling and puking'" he added, exasperated by their bestial stupidity into throwing insults at those he had come to save. The insults bounced off their carapace of thick stupidity;they stared at him with a blank expression of dull and sullen resentment in their eyes. "Yes, puking!" he fairly shouted. Grief and remorse, compassion and duty-all were forgotten now and, as it were, absorbed into an intense overpowering hatred of these less human monsters. (Huxley 217) This explains how even though babies how sometimes cute, they can use their control to take away people's freedom and happiness. And people have to stick with them because it's the way of life.

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"Her lips moved. 'Popé!' she whispered again, and it was as though he had had a pailful of ordure thrown in his face. Anger suddenly boiled up in him. Balked for the second time, the passion of his grief had found another outlet, was transformed into a passion of agonized rage. 'But I'm John!' he shouted. 'I'm John!' And in his furious misery he actually caught her by the shoulder and shook her." When John's mother mistakes him for her lover in a stupor,  John becomes furious and begins shaking his mother while screaming at her. John is constantly struggling with his identity throughout the novel, and when his own mother does not recognize him, he goes over the edge.

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"Well, if that's the case," said Fanny, with decision, "why don't you just go and take him. Whether he wants it or no." With this statement, Fanny seems to be suggesting that Lenina rape someone. Within the context of Brave New World and within the World State, everyone belongs to everyone else, and all desires are instantly gratified, there is no concept of rape.

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"Lenina suddenly felt all the sensations normally experienced at the beginning of a Violent Passion Surrogate treatment—a sense of dreadful emptiness, a breathless apprehension, a nausea. Her heart seemed to stop beating. 'Perhaps it's because he doesn't like me,' she said to herself. And at once this possibility became an established certainty: John had refused to come because he didn't like her. He didn't like her… " This is the first time Lenina has ever experienced rejection, and it's an unfamiliar and very painful thing for her. In the World State everyone is indoctrinated to believe that polygamy and romance are taboo. Rejection is completely unheard of in the World State, while by contrast John experienced an abundance of rejection in the Savage Reservation.

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"In the cinematographic twilight, Bernard risked a gesture which, in the past, even total darkness would hardly have emboldened him to make. Strong in his new importance, he put his arm around the Head Mistress's waist. It yielded, willfully. He was just about to snatch a kiss or two and perhaps a gentle pinch, when the shutters clicked open again." After finding acceptance and even fame from the World State, which had previously made him feel like an outcast, Bernard's actions begin to fall more in line with what is normal within the book's society.

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"'You made me have a baby' she screamed above the uproar. There was a sudden and appalling hush; eyes floated uncomfortably, not knowing where to look." Although sex is very commonplace as recreation in the World State, it is heavily tabooed(almost unheard of) to actually give birth to a child, as this is a consequence of sex and does not fit with society's values of instant gratification with no ill effects.

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Then suddenly he found himself reflecting that he had only to take hold of the zipper at her neck and give one long, strong pull… He shut his eyes, he shook his head with the gesture of a dog shaking its ears as it emerges from the water. Detestable thought! He was ashamed of himself. Pure and vestal modesty…  John feels the way he does about sex because he escaped hypnopaedic sleep conditioning. Instead of thinking promiscuity is acceptable, he values chastity and monogamy. He adopted these values from Shakespeare.

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One day, when he came in from playing, the door of the inner room was open, and he saw them lying together on the bed, asleep—white Linda and Popé almost black beside her, with one arm under her shoulders and the other dark hand on her breast, and one of the plaits of his long hair lying across her throat, like a black snake trying to strangle her.

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"I thought we'd be more… more together here—with nothing but the sea and moon. More together than in that crowd, or even in my rooms. Don't you understand that?" This quote has Bernard trying to introduce the unfamiliar idea of emotional intimacy to Lenina, which doesn't really connect with her, as she's under the impression that there is nothing to do as an individual away from the rest of society.

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"Swallowing half an hour before closing time, that second dose of soma had raised a quite impenetrable wall between the actual universe and their minds. Bottled, they crossed the street; bottled, they took the lift up to Henry's room on the twenty-eighth floor." One of the purposes of sex in the novel is reducing alone time to stifle any independent thought. Soma is often used to increase the detachment from reality

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"For instance," she hoarsely whispered, "take the way they have one another here. Mad, I tell you, absolutely mad. Everybody belongs to every one else—don't they? don't they?" she insisted, tugging at Lenina's sleeve.  Like Lenina, Linda is defined by her sexuality—the women are essentially mirror-images of each other, but they reflect the differences between their two worlds.

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"'We had Elementary Sex for the first forty minutes,' she answered. 'But now it's switched over to Elementary Class Consciousness.' The Director walked slowly down the long line of cots. Rosy and relaxed with sleep, eighty little boys and girls lay softly breathing. " Huxley shows the reader just how commonplace sex is within the World State by showing children being indoctrinated to be promiscuous.

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"Charming, charming," murmured the Director and, giving [Lenina] two or three little pats, received in exchange a rather deferential smile for himself.The author hints at the promiscuity in the society before the audience can even see the whole picture."

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"Going to the Feelies this evening, Henry?" enquired the Assistant Predestinator. "I hear the new one at the Alhambra is first-rate. There's a love scene on a bearskin rug; they say it's marvellous. Every hair of the bear reproduced. The most amazing tactual effects." (chapter 3) This quote means that simulated sex helps to dehumanize the whole act. The aim is to eliminate all emotion from the act so that, as Mustapha will later explain, loyalty to the state is never in competition with loyalty to an individual. The more sex is prevalent in society, the less important it becomes along with the feelings attached to it.

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"The lift was crowded with men from the Alpha Changing Rooms, and Lenina's entry was greeted by many friendly nods and smiles. She was a popular girl and, at one time or another, had spent a night with almost all of them." (chapter 4) This quote supports that sex is a casual, meaningless act that is idolized by the citizens of Brave New World. Lenina also casually discusses her date with Bernard and asks freely if he still wants her.

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How do these themes appear in Brave New World?

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How do these themes appear in Brave New World?

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In Brave New World, Huxley uses the Freudian interpretation of what drives humanity. Freud believed that everything that we do as people was driven by sex, and this is how the citizens of the World State operated. Sex was used in the World State to instill a sense of entitlement for instant gratification. This attitude being held by nearly everyone in the novel is what allows the World State to continue functioning.

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While the last chapter was about using other things to allude to sex, this chapter is about using sex to allude to other things, such as freedom, sacrifice, and control. The author presents multiple examples of sex being used in literature to propel other plot points. Notably, the author brings up a novel with a main character that the reader is supposed to find revolting. The character is shown indulging his depravity through sex, thus establishing this trait.

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This chapter covers allusions to sex in literature and film, and how they relate to the theme/messages of the work. It also focuses on symbols for human sexuality, such as rolling landscapes, tall buildings, falling down stairs, knight's lances, waves, campfires, fireworks, curtains, trains among many more.

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Fertility Symbol- A phallic object used in rituals to symbolize procreation.
Oedipal- Freud's theory about desire felt for opposite sex parent.
Depravity- Moral corruption.
Prurience- Paying too much attention to sex.

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He wanted luck, he wanted it, he wanted it. When the two girls were plying dolls in the nursery, he would sit on his big rocking horse, charging madly into space, with a frenzy that made the little girls peer at him uneasily. Wildly the horse careered, the waving dark hair of the boy tossed, the eyes had a strange glare in them. The girls dared not speak to them. . . . He knew the horse could take him to where there was luck, if only he forced it. . . . At last he stopped forcing his horse into the mechanical gallops and slid down.