# data[].attributes.body
How to create and kid voice over video

# data[].attributes.body
Find out what it takes to be a voice over actor

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The main responsibility of a voice-over artist is to, in most cases, read a script and speak. That's it. Sound simple? Think again.

First and foremost, a voice-over artist must have a good voice. However, they should also be able to read and speak well. Usually, this means that they need to read whatever script that's put in front of them with the right attitude and tone. In general, these artists must be able to convey the right type of message, with real feeling and emotion in order to make it believable.

Depending on the project, a voice-over artist might be called upon to read scripts several different ways. A voice-over artists working on a television commercial, for instance, might be asked to sound genuinely excited and cheerful about a product or service. A voice-over artist working on a public service message, on the other hand, may be asked to convey a message in such a way that it creates an emotional impact on its listeners.

Talented voice-over artists may be able to read a script a handful of times before his clients are completely satisfied. There are times, however, when a voice-over job may require a voice-over artist to read through a script several times before the clients are truly satisfied. This is not always the artist's fault, though. Sometimes, a message might be read a few different ways, such as with different words emphasized each time or pauses in different places, each time until it's perfect.

Although it may seem like an easy job, it does require hard work, talent, and dedication for a successful voice-over career.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Voice Over | Careers | Salary | TheArtCareerProject.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The main responsibility of a voice-over artist is to, in most cases, read a script and speak. That's it. Sound simple? Think again. First and foremost, a voice-over artist must have a good voice. However, they should also be able to read and speak well.

# data[].attributes.body
Step by step directions on how to draw anime and manga

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Hey ya'll! I love Dawn's new "for kids" tutorials SO MUCH! So I decided to draw up my own "for kids" anime tutorial. Normally my anime characters come out a lot more detailed than this, but since it is a for kids tutorial, I went ahead and left them pretty bare so no one gets overwhelmed. If anyone wants to add more detail to the basics of these guys, I encourage it! I love to see what people do with my tutorials.....

You will find incredible drawing tutorials for kids with step-by-step explanation how to create great drawings. All how to draw tutorials on HelloKids are provided by our partner, Dragoart.com. Pets, Pokémon, fantstic beast and dragons, be sure you will find something to draw on Hellokids!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to draw how to draw anime for kids - Hellokids.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Hey ya'll! I love Dawn's new "for kids" tutorials SO MUCH! So I decided to draw up my own "for kids" anime tutorial. Normally my anime characters come out a lot more detailed than this, but since it is a for kids tutorial, I went ahead and left them pretty bare so no one gets overwhelmed.

# data[].attributes.body
Learn how to draw

# data[].attributes.body
The art of designing shoes

# data[].attributes.body
What sites allow you to design your own sneaker

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Attention, fashionistos: There is a great way for you to express your creativity through your shoes. There are sites, as well as popular athletic brands, that allow you to design your own personalized pair of kicks. The best part? You can show off your artistic creation to the world in a functional way. Here are five of the best sites where you can design your own custom sneakers.

1. NIKEiD

Nike, the world's leading company in athletic footwear, has its own custom shoe program called NIKEiD where you can customize your sneakers by color and choose your sport. You can customize anything from basketball shoes to track spikes, performance options, and colors to get the perfect kick-ass sneakers. Men, in particular, have more than 100 styles to get creative with.

2. YourReebok

Unlock your creativity with Reebok's YourReebok, which has about 30 options for sneaker design. While the program has a smaller range of customizable shapes to choose from compared to Nike, it doesn't mean your creative design skills are limited. Quite the opposite, because practically every part of the shoe is up for interpretation - from the sole to the laces and the logo. Custom orders usually take three to five weeks to create and deliver.

3. MYSWEAR

Though MYSWEAR is a bit pricier, it's the most unique customization program of the bunch in terms of aesthetics. You can create and design the ultimate shoe, and the service is loved by fashion insiders such as Nick Wooster, men's streetwear style icon. The way it works is that state of the art 3D modeling technology allows you to see and choose everything from the shape of the sneaker to the laces. The site touts that expert Portuguese artisans craft your creations by hand. Your choices for customization range from the lining to the shoelace, the soles to the eyelets, copper toecaps or uppers crafted from silver alligator skin. This site is definitely for the highly creative type who loves to let his footwear do the talking for him.

4. Vans Customs

Vans will always remind us of our youth. Whether you favor the slip-ons, deck shoes, or skate classics, almost every laid back dude for the past 50 years has rocked a pair of Vans. The shoe brand has left its mark on youth culture and pop culture, so it makes sense that Vans has finally moved into custom footwear with Customs. You can create your own using customized colors and patterns, or you can even buy the creative designs of others.

5. Alive Shoes

AliveShoes has a very unique marketing idea: Not only can you create and design your own sneaker, but you can customize a logo for the sneaker and the packaging. Additionally, you can choose to design your own unique sneaker for yourself, or you can design the sneaker and buy in bulk to resell your design. All customized designs are made in Italy and take four to six weeks to create. AliveShoes gives you the chance to be creative and also make some money in the process. That's a pretty sweet deal.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
5 Sites That Let You Design Your Own Sneakers

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Attention, fashionistos: There is a great way for you to express your creativity through your shoes. There are sites, as well as popular athletic brands, that allow you to design your own personalized pair of kicks. The best part? You can show off your artistic creation to the world in a functional way.

# data[].attributes.body
How to make shoes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
wikiHow is a wiki similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are written collaboratively. To create this article, 41 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. Together, they cited 10 references.

Categories: Shoemaking

In other languages:

Italiano: Fare le Scarpe, Español: hacer zapatos, Deutsch: Schuhe selber herstellen, Français: faire des chaussures, Русский: пошить обувь, Português: Fazer Seu Próprio Sapato, Bahasa Indonesia: Membuat Sepatu, العربية: , Nederlands: Schoenen maken

Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 652,464 times.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
How to Make Shoes. Shoes make an important fashion statement. After all, you're walking around in them all day, so why shouldn't you be wearing shoes with some pizzazz? Although it can be a pretty complicated procedure in untrained hands,...

# data[].attributes.body
Famous inventors and inventors

# data[].attributes.body
Game of inventions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation

# data[].attributes.body
Play to find out how things work

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
**New Games Weekly!**

Dynamic Systems - Get the metal ball in the bucket by building a path using the objects available. Browser(non-flash) Version now available!

Connect It - Solve the puzzle by placing gears in the right place, to put things in motion and connect the wires. Browser(non-flash) Version now available!

Black - Paint everything black!

Green - Paint everything green!

Blue - Paint everything blue!

Red - Paint everything red!

Sugar, Sugar 2 - Engineer a sequence that will deliver the materials through the right processes to the right destinations.

Sugar, Sugar - Engineer a sequence that will deliver the materials through the right processes to the right destinations.

Shift - Shift to Rotate!

Shift 2 - Can you traverse the mind bending puzzles when "Up" and "Down" lose their meaning?

Trafficator - Control city traffic from one side of the map to the other without any accidents.

Motherload - Dig for iron, gold platinum and more!

2048 - The classic 2048 game.

Mini-Putt - Finish 18 holes of mini-putt with the lowest score.

Golphysics - Physics-based golf game! Bouncy platforms, changing gravities, magnetic fields, power boosters, and more, much more!

Color Move - Align the pieces with the right color.

Mad Bombs - Help the bombs kill the zombie-pirates on the far island!

Shifter - Shift the pieces of the level so you can access the door

JackSmith - You will design swords, bows, shields, and other weapons in a completely hands-on blacksmith shop.

Crush the Castle 2 - Use your catapult to damage the structures in as few tries as possible.

Linkage Draw - Connect the static parts with the rotating wheels to make the red pen draw over the red drawing.

A Bonte Christmas - Collect Christmas balls in the correct order to complete all 16 levels.

Layer MAZE 5: Switches - The fifth part of brain breaking 3D puzzle. Make your way through the maze to the exit the level.

Cursed Treasure 2 - An addictive tower defense style game with some RPG elements to mix things up a little. Use magic and turrets to keep the bad guys from stealing your gems. Your precious, precious gems.

Bob the Robber 2 - Is the city in danger again? It looks like a job for our hero - robber Bob!

JECT - Throw a bouncy ball into a circle.

Raft Wars 2 - Infiltrate a waterpark, fight your way past security and find back your treasure.

I Can Fly - Help the flying piggy avoid electric thunder clouds, birds and other obstacles as he collects star, bonuses and fuel in the air.

Belt Master - Become a 6 Sigma Assembly Line Belt Master. Using your mouse move/throw the parts to the correct conveyor.

Koutack - Your goal is to stack all the pieces into a single stack. Click a tile to move adjacent pieces to that spot.

Truck Loader 4 - Put the crates in their proper spot using a magnetic crane.

Fractured - Help a lost boy find his mom, in this unique platformer that features some very interesting puzzle mechanics.

A Blocky Christmas - Use the arrow keys to move blocks around until they fit into the shaded area.

Nuclear Gun - Control a nuclear gun and spread mayhem and chaos upon your enemies. Anyone that comes close will be vaporized!

Cargo Bridge 2 - Build a bridge and test your consctruction skills. Help your workers to collect items located on the other side of valley.

Let it Glow 2 - Connect the energy source to the bulbs by removing obstacles and moving the transmitters.

Sugar, Sugar 2 - This game is like a custom sugar factory. You have to engineer a sequence that will deliver the materials through the right processes to the right destinations.

Atomic Puzzle 2 - Clear each level by removing the atoms in the correct order. Can you predict the merging of the molecules so that there's none left at the end of each level?

Out Of Wind - Out of Wind is a physics-based gears construction game. Place gears in correct spots to reactivate the windmills.

Pigs Will Fly - Pigs Will Fly is a fun physics game. Your job is to help the pigs get their wings by manipulating objects with your potions.

Wooden Rolls - Rotate all the rolls 360 degrees to complete the level and proceed to the next one. Timing and strategic planning is everything in this game.

Learn 2 Fly - You learned how to fly, but Icebergs stopped you and crushed your dreams. Now you're back for revenge!

Civilizations Wars Ice Legend - Build up your civilization and upgrade your skills as you try to conquer the world! This real time strategy game will challenge your every move as you progress throughout the map.

Ninja Mushroom - Clear a path for your super shroom to reach the Golden Stump.

Phage Wars - Spread your parasites in this fast pace, strategy game. The goal is to overtake all other parasites and become the "Dominant Species". Learn to master each parasite effectively and infect all forms of cellular life.

Sugar, Sugar - Xmas Special - This game is like a custom sugar factory. You have to engineer a sequence that will deliver the materials through the right processes to the right destinations. It starts off easy, but gets challenging quickly.

Truck Loader 3 - Put the crates in their proper spot using a magnetic crane. Complete all 30 levels.

Into Space - How far into space can you go? Start with a basic rocket, and pilot it into outer space as you grab extra cash and fuel, but also avoid hazards.

WonderPutt - Adventure golf... but with cows, toads, ski slopes, torpedos and a little alien abduction.

The Successful Experiment - Place bowling balls, basketballs and bubbles on the screen to get the eight-ball to the flag in each level.

Knightfall 2 - Help Knight conquer an ancient evil in this epic puzzle RPG, set in a world of monsters, treasure and adventure!

Fault Line - Use the Arrow keys to move. Use the MOUSE to control join nodes and fold areas of the level away.

Cursed Treasure: Level Pack - An addictive tower defense style game with some RPG elements to mix things up a little. Use magic and turrets to keep the bad guys from stealing your gems. Your precious, precious gems.

Flight - Throw a paper plane as far as you can. Collect points and upgrade your plane so you can throw it even further.

Factory Balls 3 - Drag and drop a ball over different types of tools to produce the required ball physics.

Chronotron - Use your time machine to interact with past versions of yourself in this puzzle/platformer!

Mining Truck 2 - Deliver goods on a small trolley from point A to point B, through a complex system of underground mining tunnels.

Ozee - Move objects, solve puzzles and collect stars as you make your way to the exit in this physics-based platformer.

Cargo Bridge: Xmas - Build a bridge and test your construction skills. Help your workers collect items located on the other side of the valley.

Bouncy - A ball seeking its way home. Use your cannon skills, aim, power and a limited number of shots to get it there.

BattleShip - The Beginning - BattleShip - The Beginning is a classic naval strategy, in which the player tries to sink computer's hidden ships.

Perfect Balance 2 - Tricky physics game requires spatial visualization skills. You can spin and stack objects. It gets tough quickly.

Civilizations Wars - A fast thinking casual RTS/RPG, with deep tactic capabilities and amazing graphic.

A Bonte Escape - You find yourself dropped in a strange room, but are you smart enough to get out?

Insurgo - Build as quick as you can, as high as you can!

Magic Pen 2 - Make clever use of physic to collect all flags in each level.

Cursed Treasure - An addictive tower defense style game with some RPG elements to mix things up a little.

Cargo Bridge - Build a bridge and test your construction skills. Help your workers collect items located on the other side of the valley.

Civiballs 2 - Choose Rome, Inca or Vikings and solve the puzzles by cutting the chains. If you get stuck, just try another civilization!

Picma - Picmas are picture logic puzzles where numerical clues placed around a grid are used to discover a hidden image.

Dynamic Systems - Get the metal ball in the bucket by building a path using the objects available.

Use Boxmen - Use Boxmans friends to get ahead in this puzzle platformer! Get a boxman to the box!

Blinkout - How good is your visual memory under pressure?

Disk Field - Guide the disk over to the designated area by aligning the arrows.

PowerUp - Use metal boxes to create a circuit between the robot heads.

Shift 3 - Can you traverse the mind bending puzzles when "Up" and "Down" lose their meaning?

Civiballs - Choose Greece, Egypt or China and solve the puzzles by cutting the chains. If you get stuck, just try another civilization!

Ice Breaker - Save the frozen vikings by getting them back to their longboat!

Kinetikz - Fire discs at the puck to guide it to the target in this addictive game of skill.

Gravity Grid - Connect the blocks by rotating or flipping the grid in this clever and addictive puzzle game!

Ball Story - Move your ball and avoid obstacles, to complete all 50 levels.

Switch - Collect all of the balls before your time runs out. You can only grab ball of the same colour, click the mouse to switch colours.

Bridge Builder - You need to build the bridge to get the creatures to the other side. The bits the creature can walk along are build along the green line.

Hexiom - Change the colors of the tiles.

Simon - This one will test your memory to the limit, if not your sanity.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
ENGINEERING.com's Games & Puzzles section is an excellent way to keep your engineering brain sharp. Tackle a web-based game, or challenge yourself with an engineering quiz. Enjoy puzzles created by and for engineers.

# data[].attributes.body
Find out when tablets where created

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Apple's iPad is a revolutionary product that is cratering the PC industry. But it wasn't Steve Jobs' idea.

A full decade before Jobs launched the iPad in 2010, Bill Gates launched Microsoft's touch input tablet computer.

Here it is:

Two years later, Gates showed up with an improved model, a color tablet. It used the Windows XP Tablet operating system.

Here it is:

Unlike today, Microsoft didn't manufacture the tablet itself. Lenovo produced the tablet in 2000 and other partners, like Fujitsu, made the XP tablet in 2002. Here's a closer look at the Fujitsu tablet.

So if Microsoft was a decade ahead, why did Apple become the King of the Tablets?

Last July, during an interview with Charlie Rose, Bill Gates explained that Jobs "did some things better than I did. His timing in terms of when it came out, the engineering work, just the package that was put together. The tablets we had done before, weren't as thin, they weren't as attractive."

Get the latest Microsoft stock price here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Microsoft Invented A Tablet A Decade Before Apple And Totally Blew It

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Apple's iPad is a revolutionary product that is cratering the PC industry. But it wasn't Steve Jobs' idea. A full decade before Jobs launched the iPad in 2010, Bill Gates launched Microsoft's touch input tablet computer. Here it is: Two years later, Gates showed up with an improved model, a color tablet.

# data[].attributes.body
Ever wonder how iPads are made? Find out here

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A vertical stack of three evenly spaced horizontal lines.

# data[].attributes.body
Car games for kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Car Games & Awesome Racing Games | Hot Wheels

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Check out all our cool car games and awesome racing games featuring your favorite Hot Wheels cars! Throttle up your car engine and compete against friends in all of our action-packed games!

# data[].attributes.body
How cars were invented

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
When Were Cars Invented?

The 1901 Mercedes, designed by Wilhelm Maybach for Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, deserves credit for being the first modern motorcar in all essentials.

Its thirty-five-horsepower engine weighed only fourteen pounds per horsepower, and it achieved a top speed of fifty-three miles per hour. By 1909, with the most integrated automobile factory in Europe, Daimler employed some seventeen hundred workers to produce fewer than a thousand cars per year.

Nothing illustrates the superiority of European design better than the sharp contrast between this first Mercedes model and Ransom E. Olds ' 1901-1906 one-cylinder, three-horsepower, tiller-steered, curved-dash Oldsmobile, which was merely a motorized horse buggy. But the Olds sold for only $650, putting it within reach of middle-class Americans, and the 1904 Olds output of 5,508 units surpassed any car production previously accomplished.

The central problem of automotive technology over the first decade of the twentieth century would be reconciling the advanced design of the 1901 Mercedes with the moderate price and low operating expenses of the Olds. This would be overwhelmingly an American achievement.

Henry Ford and William Durant

Bicycle mechanics J. Frank and Charles Duryea of Springfield, Massachusetts, had designed the first successful American gasoline automobile in 1893, then won the first American car race in 1895, and went on to make the first sale of an American-made gasoline car the next year.

Thirty American manufacturers produced 2,500 motor vehicles in 1899, and some 485 companies entered the business in the next decade. In 1908 Henry Ford introduced the Model T and William Durant founded General Motors.

The new firms operated in an unprecedented seller's market for an expensive consumer goods item. With its vast land area and a hinterland of scattered and isolated settlements, the United States had a far greater need for automotive transportation than the nations of Europe. Great demand was ensured, too, by a significantly higher per capita income and more equitable income distribution than European countries.

Model T

Given the American manufacturing tradition, it was also inevitable that cars would be produced in larger volume at lower prices than in Europe. The absence of tariff barriers between the states encouraged sales over a wide geographic area. Cheap raw materials and a chronic shortage of skilled labor early encouraged the mechanization of industrial processes in the United States.

This in turn required the standardization of products and resulted in the volume production of such commodities as firearms, sewing machines, bicycles, and many other items. In 1913, the United States produced some 485,000 of the world total of 606,124 motor vehicles.

The Ford Motor Company greatly outpaced its competitors in reconciling state-of-the-art design with moderate price. Cycle and Automobile Trade Journal called the four-cylinder, fifteen-horsepower, $600 Ford Model N (1906-1907) "the very first instance of a low-cost motorcar driven by a gas engine having cylinders enough to give the shaft a turning impulse in each shaft turn which is well built and offered in large numbers." Deluged with orders, Ford installed improved production equipment and after 1906 was able to make deliveries of a hundred cars a day.

Encouraged by the success of the Model N, Henry Ford was determined to build an even better "car for the great multitude." The four-cylinder, twenty-horsepower Model T, first offered in October 1908, sold for $825. Its two-speed planetary transmission made it easy to drive, and features such as its detachable cylinder head made it easy to repair. Its high chassis was designed to clear the bumps in rural roads. Vanadium steel made the Model T a lighter and tougher car, and new methods of casting parts (especially block casting of the engine) helped keep the price down.

Committed to large-volume production of the Model T, Ford innovated modern mass production techniques at his new Highland Park, Michigan, plant, which opened in 1910 (although he did not introduce the moving assembly line until 1913-1914). The Model T runabout sold for $575 in 1912, less than the average annual wage in the United States.

By the time the Model T was withdrawn from production in 1927, its price had been reduced to $290 for the coupe, 15 million units had been sold, and mass personal "automobility" had become a reality.

Automotive Industry Growing Pains

Ford's mass production techniques were quickly adopted by other American automobile manufacturers. (European automakers did not begin to use them until the 1930s.) The heavier outlays of capital and larger volume of sales that this necessitated ended the era of easy entry and free-wheeling competition among many small producers in the American industry.

The number of active automobile manufacturers dropped from 253 in 1908 to only 44 in 1929, with about 80 percent of the industry's output accounted for by Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler, formed from Maxwell in 1925 by Walter P. Chrysler.

Most of the remaining independents were wiped out in the Great Depression, with Nash, Hudson, Studebaker, and Packard hanging on only to collapse in the post- World War II period.

The Model T was intended to be "a farmer's car" that served the transportation needs of a nation of farmers. Its popularity was bound to wane as the country urbanized and as rural regions got out of the mud with passage of the 1916 Federal Aid Road Act and the 1921 Federal Highway Act.

Moreover, the Model T remained basically unchanged long after it was technologically obsolete. Model T owners began to trade up to larger, faster, smoother riding, more stylish cars. The demand for basic transportation the Model T had met tended increasingly in the 1920s to be filled from the backlog of used cars piling up in dealers' lots as the market became saturated.

Car Sales Stall

By 1927 replacement demand for new cars was exceeding demand from first-time owners and multiple-car purchasers combined. Given the incomes of the day, automakers could no longer count on an expanding market. Installment sales had been initiated by the makers of moderately priced cars in 1916 to compete with the Model T, and by 1925 about three-quarters of all new cars were bought "on time" through credit.

Although a few expensive items, such as pianos and sewing machines, had been sold on time before 1920, it was installment sales of automobiles during the twenties that established the purchasing of expensive consumer goods on credit as a middle-class habit and a mainstay of the American economy.

GM Introduces 'Planned Obsolescence'

Market saturation coincided with technological stagnation: In both product and production technology, innovation was becoming incremental rather than dramatic. The basic differences that distinguish post-World War II models from the Model T were in place by the late 1920s-the self-starter, the closed all-steel body, the high-compression engine, hydraulic brakes, syncromesh transmission and low-pressure balloon tires.

The remaining innovations-the automatic transmission and drop-frame construction-came in the 1930s. Moreover, with some exceptions, cars were made much the same way in the early 1950s as they had been in the 1920s.

To meet the challenges of market saturation and technological stagnation, General Motors under the leadership of Alfred P. Sloan, Jr., in the 1920s and 1930s innovated planned obsolescence of product and put a new emphasis on styling, exemplified in the largely cosmetic annual model change-a planned triennial major restyling to coincide with the economics of die life and with annual minor face-liftings in between.

The goal was to make consumers dissatisfied enough to trade in and presumably up to a more expensive new model long before the useful life of their present cars had ended. Sloan's philosophy was that "the primary object of the corporation ... was to make money, not just to make motorcars." He believed that it was necessary only that GM's cars be "equal in design to the best of our competitors ... it was not necessary to lead in design or to run the risk of untried experiments."

Thus engineering was subordinated to the dictates of stylists and cost-cutting accountants. General Motors became the archetype of a rational corporation run by a technostructure.

As Sloanism replaced Fordism as the predominant market strategy in the industry, Ford lost the sales lead in the lucrative low-priced field to Chevrolet in 1927 and 1928. By 1936 GM claimed 43 percent of the U.S. market; Ford with 22 percent had fallen to third place behind Chrysler with 25 percent.

Although automobile sales collapsed during the Great Depression, Sloan could boast of GM that "in no year did the corporation fail to earn a profit." (GM retained industry leadership until 1986 when Ford surpassed it in profits.)

World War II and the Auto Industry

The automobile industry had played a critical role in producing military vehicles and war matériel in the First World War. During World War II, in addition to turning out several million military vehicles, American automobile manufacturers made some seventy-five essential military items, most of them unrelated to the motor vehicle. These materials had a total value of $29 billion, one-fifth of the nation's war production.

Because the manufacture of vehicles for the civilian market ceased in 1942 and tires and gasoline were severely rationed, motor vehicle travel fell dramatically during the war years. Cars that had been nursed through the Depression long after they were ready to be junked were patched up further, ensuring great pent-up demand for new cars at the war's end.

Detroit's Big Three carried Sloanism to its illogical conclusion in the postwar period. Models and options proliferated, and every year cars became longer and heavier, more powerful, more gadget-bedecked, more expensive to purchase and to operate, following the truism that large cars are more profitable to sell than small ones.

Rise of Japanese Automakers

Engineering in the postwar era was subordinated to the questionable aesthetics of nonfunctional styling at the expense of economy and safety. And quality deteriorated to the point that by the mid-1960s American-made cars were being delivered to retail buyers with an average of twenty-four defects a unit, many of them safety-related. Moreover, the higher unit profits that Detroit made on gas-guzzling "road cruisers" were made at the social costs of increased air pollution and a drain on dwindling world oil reserves.

The era of the annually restyled road cruiser ended with the imposition of federal standards of automotive safety (1966), emission of pollutants (1965 and 1970), and energy consumption (1975); with escalating gasoline prices following the oil shocks of 1973 and 1979; and especially with the mounting penetration of both the U.S. and world markets first by the German Volkswagen "Bug" (a modern Model T) and then by Japanese fuel-efficient, functionally designed, well-built small cars.

After peaking at a record 12.87 million units in 1978, sales of American-made cars fell to 6.95 million in 1982, as imports increased their share of the U.S. market from 17.7 percent to 27.9 percent. In 1980 Japan became the world's leading auto producer, a position it continues to hold.

U.S. Carmakers Retool

In response, the American automobile industry in the 1980s underwent a massive organizational restructuring and technological renaissance. Managerial revolutions and cutbacks in plant capacity and personnel at GM, Ford and Chrysler resulted in leaner, tougher firms with lower break-even points, enabling them to maintain profits with lower volumes in increasingly saturated, competitive markets.

Manufacturing quality and programs of employee motivation and involvement were given high priority. The industry in 1980 undertook a five-year, $80 billion program of plant modernization and retooling. Functional aerodynamic design replaced styling in Detroit studios, as the annual cosmetic change was abandoned.

Cars became smaller, more fuel-efficient, less polluting and much safer. Product and production were being increasingly rationalized in a process of integrating computer-aided design, engineering and manufacturing.

Legacy of the U.S. Auto Industry

The automobile has been a key force for change in twentieth-century America. During the 1920s the industry became the backbone of a new consumer goods-oriented society. By the mid-1920s it ranked first in value of product, and in 1982 it provided one out of every six jobs in the United States.

In the 1920s the automobile became the lifeblood of the petroleum industry, one of the chief customers of the steel industry, and the biggest consumer of many other industrial products. The technologies of these ancillary industries, particularly steel and petroleum, were revolutionized by its demands.

The automobile stimulated participation in outdoor recreation and spurred the growth of tourism and tourism-related industries, such as service stations, roadside restaurants and motels. The construction of streets and highways, one of the largest items of government expenditure, peaked when the Interstate Highway Act of 1956 inaugurated the largest public works program in history.

The automobile ended rural isolation and brought urban amenities-most important, better medical care and schools-to rural America (while paradoxically the farm tractor made the traditional family farm obsolete). The modern city with its surrounding industrial and residential suburbs is a product of the automobile and trucking.

The automobile changed the architecture of the typical American dwelling, altered the conception and composition of the urban neighborhood, and freed homemakers from the narrow confines of the home. No other historical force has so revolutionized the way Americans work, live, and play.

In 1980, 87.2 percent of American households owned one or more motor vehicles, 51.5 percent owned more than one, and fully 95 percent of domestic car sales were for replacement. Americans have become truly auto-dependent.

But though automobile ownership is virtually universal, the motor vehicle no longer acts as a progressive force for change. New forces-the electronic media, the laser, the computer, and the robot probably foremost among them-are charting the future. A period of American history that can appropriately be called the Automobile Age is melding into a new Age of Electronics.

The Reader's Companion to American History. Eric Foner and John A. Garraty, Editors. Copyright © 1991 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The 1901 Mercedes, designed by Wilhelm Maybach for Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, deserves credit for being the first modern motorcar in all essentials. Its thirty-five-horsepower engine weighed only fourteen pounds per horsepower, and it achieved a top speed of fifty-three miles per hour.

# data[].attributes.body
Play interactive games with plants

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
Interactive Learning Sites for Education

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Interactive Learning Sites for Education

# data[].attributes.body
Learn about plants and parts of a plant

# data[].attributes.body
Learn what it takes to solve medical mysteries

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Boost your health knowledge by playing these interactive health games.

# data[].attributes.body
Steps to becoming a nurse

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Steps to Becoming a Nurse

When you learn how to become a nurse you'll find the first step is getting a solid education, whether you hope to be an LPN, RN, or administrator. Every state and the District of Columbia require students to graduate from an accredited nursing program in order to become licensed.

Step 1: Choose a nursing path

Nursing can take you in many directions, from starting out as a certified nursing assistant (CNA) or staff nurse to working your way up to nurse administrator.

When choosing your career path, think about the type of work environment you prefer. For example, RNs can be found in hospitals, doctors' offices, and other medical settings, but certified nursing assistants often work in nursing homes. What type of setting will inspire you most?

Because there are so many facets to healthcare, nurses often specialize in certain areas, such as geriatrics or critical care. If you have a passion for a certain type of nursing, consider the type of schooling you'll need to get there.
That brings us to the next step in becoming a nurse:
Step 2: Earn a degree

The career path you're interested in pursuing will typically dictate the type of nursing degree you need. Nursing programs include classroom instruction as well as clinical experience. The latter will allow you to gain hands-on knowledge, ask questions in real-life scenarios, and connect with nurses. The experience will also give you the chance to observe how a medical facility runs.

Before choosing a program, determine how nursing school will fit into your busy life. Will you have time to get to campus? Many nursing bachelor's and master's degrees can be earned online (with clinical requirements completed in your local community).

An associate's degree program takes less time to complete, allowing you to enter the workforce sooner. The downside? Employers may be more apt to hire a nurse with a bachelor's degree because they received a more in-depth education. However, plenty of nurses with ADNs go on to earn higher degrees with the help of tuition reimbursement from their employer.

The following list details the types of nursing degrees available:
Step 3: Get licensed

Once you complete your education, you'll need to take an exam to demonstrate your knowledge and nursing skills. Nurses need to be licensed in order to practice, and exams are the prerequisite to licensing. The NCLEX exams, other certification exams, and the topics covered, differ based on your chosen career path.

To become a licensed certified nursing assistant (CNA), you'll need to pass a state competency exam.

Licensed practical nurses (LPNs) must pass the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-PN).

and all advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) are required to take the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN) to earn licensure.

Nurse practitioners must pass a national certification exam administered by a professional organization, such as the American Nurses Credentialing Center or the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners.

Upon completing their education, nurse midwives should pass the exam administered by the American Midwifery Certification Board (AMCB), while nurse anesthetists must pass the exam given by the National Board of Certification and Recertification for Nurse Anesthetists.

After you become a nurse...

Continuing education: Nurses are required to complete continuing education courses, usually every two years. Check with your state nursing board for requirements.

Get certified: If you decide to specialize in a certain area of nursing, consider earning professional certification. This cements your commitment to the field and demonstrates your skill set to employers.

Earn an advanced degree: Earning a master's degree will qualify you for a career as a nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, certified nurse midwife, and certified nurse anesthetist.

For the Career Changer: Accelerated BSNs

You want to become a nurse, but your background is in finance. No problem. Not all RNs start out in nursing. Motivated by job dissatisfaction, salary, and other reasons, some RNs choose to head back to school and earn a bachelor's degree in nursing, but who has the time and money to invest in another 4 years of school? Enter the accelerated BSN.
Accelerated BSNs are designed specifically for students who have already earned a bachelor's degree in another field.
While you may have to complete certain science and math prerequisites, accelerated BSN students aren't required to take general education courses again. Instead, the accelerated program (usually about 18 months) focuses solely on nursing skills. Students graduate with a BSN and should be prepared to take the NCLEX-RN.

Career changes within nursing

Nursing is infamously rewarding and challenging at the same time. After years of bedside care, some nurses look for a career switch within the field. Often, going back to school is the way to make a change.

Specialize: Earning a master's degree allows you to choose a specialty such as midwifery or informatics. If an MSN isn't what you're looking for, enroll in a certificate program, which takes less time to complete. You can choose from a variety of nursing specialties.

Teach: If you enjoy guiding new nurses in the workplace, you might be a good fit as a nurse educator. Colleges and universities hire nurses who hold a master's or doctorate to teach nursing courses.

Research: A Doctor of Nursing Philosophy (PhD) or Doctor of Nursing Scioence (DNSc) qualifies you to work in medical research. Your work could help make advances in the nursing profession.

Levels of Nursing

There are few career paths that offer the same opportunities for advancement and career diversity as nursing. A complex healthcare system creates a wide range of options for nurses. And, as more patients look for specialized approaches, nurses can fill this demand by gaining more education, which often equates to a higher salary.

Entry-level nursing

Entry-level nursing offers several career paths. Which one suits your goals?

Advanced nursing

Advanced nursing programs require students to hold a bachelor's degree before enrolling. Many students earn their BSN from one school and attend a different school for their MSN. However, bridge programs allow students to earn 2 degrees at the same time from a single school. An RN-to-MSN curriculum is designed in a way that students receive their undergraduate education first and then move on to MSN courses.

Job Outlook for Nurses

According to the American Nurses Association (ANA), there are more than 4 million registered nurses in the United States. Yet, there's still room for more.

RN WORKFORCE BY 2026

according to U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics

Increase of
438,000 JOBS
Factor in the number of nurses who will
leave the field during this time
and there could be
1+ million jobs
By 2026, it's expected the RN workforce will see an increase of 438,000 jobs, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). When you factor in the number of nurses who will leave the field during this time, there could be more than 1 million job openings by then.

It's common to hear about America's nursing shortage, but also be warned the job market is tight. If you're interested in becoming a nurse, which story should you believe?

The answer isn't black and white. Here's a look at the factors that make both scenarios true.

More Jobs: Nursing shortages exist in some areas of the country

Less Jobs: Nursing surpluses exist in some parts of the country

Spurred by the Affordable Care Act, more patients enter the healthcare system

Employers implement hiring freezes or layoffs due to recession

Baby b oomers are living longer, in need of care

Nurses delay retirement

Specialized nursing is growing

Interview process is rigorous and competitive

Where should you look for growth? In an ANA 2016 survey, respondents said they see increased opportunities in primary care, public health, nurse education, and advanced practice as drivers of future change in nursing.
Want to make yourself more marketable? Here are a few tips:

Learn another language: Many hospitals seek out nurses who speak more than English, with Spanish being in the highest demand.

Get certified: If you have expertise in a specialized area, secure professional certification.

Be flexible: Be open to working for different employers, even if you have your heart set on one in particular. The experience you gain will be priceless.

How to Find Jobs as a Nurse

You've graduated from school. Now, you need to know how to find jobs as a nurse. While you can take the traditional route of sending resumes to employers and hope for a call, there are savvier options that could help you land a nursing job. It's important to note that new nurses sometimes have difficulty since employers often look for more experienced staff.

In most careers, including nursing, it's about who you know. Start by joining your local chapter of the American Nurses Association. By attending events held by the chapter, you'll have an opportunity to meet nurses in your area. Make contacts with others and if there's a job opening at their workplace, they might think of you first.

Specialized nursing associations, such as the Emergency Nurses Association or the National Association of School Nurses, also have chapters.

Another networking option? Join a registered nurse meetup in your area.

Find states with nursing needs

Some states are hit harder by the nursing shorter than others. If you're not tied to your current location, moving to a state that needs nurses could potentially open doors to job opportunities.

Research shows that certain states will see a shortage in the coming years, while only 2 states are projected to experience a surplus (Massachusetts and South Dakota).

Looking at the shortage by region, the West and the South will be hardest hit.

Military nursing jobs

The military is another avenue nurses can take as they build their career. A few possible job opportunities within the military include critical care nursing, OBGYN nursing, family nurse practitioner, and public health nursing.

As a military nurse on active duty, you may work overseas, on a ship, or on a base. You can also choose to enlist in the reserves. This allows you to continue working at home and only serve when you're needed.

Concerned about how you'll pay off your nursing school loans? As a nurse in the military, you may qualify for loan repayment.

Volunteering is another networking opportunity. Giving your time to a healthcare facility not only gives you experience working with patients in a medical environment, but you'll meet other healthcare professionals.

If you plan to choose a nursing specialty, look for volunteer opportunities in that area. While you won't be paid for your time, treat the experience as you would a job. Making a good impression could mean a career connection in the future.

Making connections during clinicals

When it's time for you to complete clinical rounds during school, you'll likely be assigned to a hospital where you'll shadow a nurse (preceptor). During this period, be an attentive learner and showcase a positive attitude. Make connections with your preceptor and even their managers. If a position opens up, they may be more willing to recommend you for the job.

Once your clinical ends, stay in touch with your preceptors as they may be a good resource for job opportunities.

10 Growing Nursing Specialties

Technology, advocacy, and education are just a few areas where nurses can excel. Here's a look at 10 growing career paths.

1. Nursing informatics specialist

Nursing informatics gets more attention in today's technology-obsessed world, but the discipline has been around for several decades. In the 1980s, nurse informatics specialists dreamed of big things:

"We envisioned such things as minimal time spent in documentation, working together with patients to document past history and care received, a lifetime healthcare record, and the use of aggregated data to improve nursing practice."
"Informatics, we believed, would free nurses and other healthcare professionals to spend more time with patients and minimize the pain of documentation."
Linda Thede, PhD, RN-BC.

While informatics has certainly changed the nursing landscape, experts say there is more work to be done. As electronic health records and mobile technology become the norm, nurse informatics is a field full of possibilities.

2. Virtual nurse

Nurses have plenty of stories to share about patients treating a health problem based on information they found on the i nternet. As a virtual nurse, you can provide valid, accurate guidance and care online or over the telephone. While the job mostly deals with basic care, virtual nurses may also specialize in a certain area.

Virtual nurses need at least an ADN or BSN and should be good communicators.

3. Nurse midwife

Nurse midwives go beyond delivering babies; they also work as primary care providers for women and newborns. Because of their versatility, more nurse midwives are needed. The BLS expects 21% job growth through 2026, which is 3 times faster than average.

According to the National Library of Medicine, nurse midwives have been instrumental in improving primary health care services for women in inner-city and rural areas of the country. There's even more good news: The National Institute of Medicine recommends that nurse midwives should have a larger role in providing women's healthcare.

4. Travel nursing

Travel nursing was created as a solution to the nursing shortage and remains a popular option for adventurous types. While some nurses are placed in beautiful locales, you may also be placed in an emergency situation or disaster zone. During a strike, a travel nurse may be called to fill the role of a regular employee. RNs work with an agency who match them with a short-term assignment in another city or country. Flexibility and the ability to adapt to new surroundings easily are necessary criteria.

Travel nursing tends to offer higher-than-average pay and housing may be provided.

To find travel nursing jobs, go online. You'll find different agencies, such as TravelNursing.org, who match nurses with job opportunities.

5. Nurse educator

Share your experience and knowledge with aspiring nurses by educating them. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), more than 75,000 qualified nursing school applicants were turned away in 2018 partly due to faculty shortages.

AACN says the next decade will see a significant number of faculty retirements, creating vacancies at campuses across the country. Also contributing to the shortage is too few job candidates with a master's or doctoral degree.

Want to educate others and join a growing area of nursing? Consider earning an advanced degree.

6. Nurse advocate

The healthcare system can be a complicated maze to navigate for patients, which is why nurse advocacy careers are surging. Health educators and community health workers, such as nurse advocates, are expected to see job growth of 16% through 2026.

As a nurse advocate, you'll represent a patient, help them understand their diagnosis, assist with insurance, and be the liaison between the patient and doctor. There may be instances where a patient's beliefs won't allow for a certain treatment. A nurse advocate will work with the doctor to find a solution.

7. Home-care nurse

Hospital stays may have gotten shorter, but patients still need care once they're discharged. This is why home-care nursing is experiencing a boost in employment. Another factor? Advances in technology allow patients to receive more elaborate treatments at home.

As a home-care nurse, your patients will have a variety of backgrounds; you may treat older people, new moms, patients recovering from an accident, and those with chronic illnesses.

If you prefer to work outside a hospital and build relationships with a regular set of patients, a home-care nurse career could be a good fit.

8. Case management nurse

The number of older people in the U.S. is increasing which has created opportunity for case management nurses. As people live longer, it's more likely they'll cope with chronic or long-term illnesses that require expert advice and guidance.

Case management nurses organize the type of care a patient will receive, monitor costs and resources, and ensure patients and families are supported.

As a case management nurse, you'll have the unique opportunity of providing patient care while also serving as an important decision-maker.

9. Geriatric nurse

The National Council on Aging estimates about 80% of older adults have a chronic condition. Combine this with the aging baby boomer population and it spells employment growth for geriatric nurses.

While many tasks of a staff RN will be the same for a geriatric nurse, you'll also focus on treating conditions more prevalent in old age, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and osteoporosis. Since some elderly patients may have trouble communicating their wishes, you'll also serve as a patient advocate.

10. Critical care nurse

Agility and good decision-making skills are crucial as a critical care nurse. Many work in a hospital's Intensive Care Unit, or ICU, treating patients suffering from burns, serious cardiac problems, and other grave conditions.

As more hospitals expand their ICUs and nursing homes care for very sick patients, critical care nursing has become a growing specialty. Critical care nurses should be comfortable with advanced technology and working at a fast pace.

Health Information Systems & Nursing

Emerging technology is changing the landscape of nursing and the use of health information systems (HIS) is a regular discussion among healthcare providers. For many nurses, their first introduction to HIS is with an electronic health record (EHR), or a digital version of a patient's paper chart. It can include information from multiple providers, hospitals, and specialists, and can be accessed at any time of day. EHRs are designed to be confidential and secure.

EHRs have been a long-time coming. More than 15 years ago, President George Bush outlined a plan where most Americans would have an EHR by 2014. During President Barack Obama's presidency, $30 billion was allotted as stimulus funds to help hospitals implement EHRs.
A robust health information system offers several benefits:

EHRs can be viewed by patients and providers in different locations.

Reminders can be set for follow-up tests which lessen the chance for error.

Information from medical devices can be automatically transferred to EHRs instead of by hand.

Medical prescriptions are clearer to read and understand.

Electronic health records can be used to analyze data about certain conditions, medications, and outcomes. This can lead to changes in health care.

Many healthcare facilities are also using mobile devices to collect information and communicate with patients.

In the 2017 HIMSS Mobile Technology Survey, 70.6% of respondents said at least some of the information on a mobile device is uploaded to EHRs.

As with any new technology, there is a learning curve. While today's nursing programs teach students about technology, you may find you'll need additional on-the-job training once you become a nurse. During your clinical time, learn as much as you can about emerging technology.

Other Technologies Affecting Nursing

Medicine and technology are moving fast and nurses will be required to keep up. As you embark on a nursing career, you'll need to be prepared for some of the latest innovations in the field.

Genetics | Gene mutations can predict whether a patient is at risk of developing a disease. The use of genetics and genomes can also help identify whether a parent will pass along a mutation to their child. Since nurses often have the most communication with patients, it's their job to gather as much information about family history and provide guidance to patients based on test results.

Biometrics | Proper healthcare can't exist without confidentiality and security, which is why biometrics is so important in today's fast-paced health care environment. Biometrics is the scientific method used to identify people using fingerprints, voice, or other physical qualities. In today's world, many medical facilities use fingerprints to identify a healthcare provider. As a nurse, you will be given access to the necessary patient information that allows you to do your job. Flipping through a patient's folder to find what you need? Those days are numbered.

Social Media | The use of social media in nursing has benefits and drawbacks. It can provide networking opportunities and an easier way to communicate with fellow students or colleagues. A quick scan of Facebook and Pinterest will also show you that nurses use social media for support and levity.

There can be a dark side to social media, however. Nurses must be careful not to post disparaging remarks or information that violates a patient's privacy. The American Nurses Association recognized social media's role in nursing in 2011 with its Principles for Social Networking and the Nurse: Guidance for the Registered Nurse.

Nurses and nursing students are encouraged to use this resource to equip themselves with the do's and don'ts of social media.

Highlights in Nursing History

Here are a few moments in history that helped shaped the nursing profession.

1900 › The first issue of the American Journal of Nursing was distributed.

1902 › Linda L. Rogers becomes the first school nurse.

1913 › The War Department accepts the Red Cross enrollment as a reserve for the Army Nurse Corps and Navy Nurse Corps.

1921 › The first class (512 student nurses) graduates from the Army School of Nursing.

1934 › The National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses establishes its New York City headquarters.

1940 › American Nurses Association forms a section for male nurses.

1945 › ANA collects uniforms and clothing for nurses in war-torn countries.

1952 › ANA dues increase from $3 to $5.

1967 › It's estimated there are 640,000 practicing RNs.

1973 › The number of RNs jumps to 815,000.

1987 › AIDS treatment and testing programs and community-based health services are recommended by ANA.

1995 › 25,000 nurses from across the country protest nurse cutbacks and improper use of unlicensed personnel.

2001 › Nurses play an instrumental role at hospitals in the wake of September 11. Many volunteer to help with rescue efforts.

2014 › "Nurses Leading the Way" is the theme of National Nurses Week.

Sources: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/813263_2; http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-17-2012/No1-Jan-2012/Informatics-Where-Is-It.html;
https://www.himssanalytics.org/sites/himssanalytics/files/2017_Essentials%20Brief_Mobile_SNAPSHOT%20REPORT.pdf"; http://www.nursingworld.org/functionalmenucategories/aboutana/history/basichistoricalreview.pdf.
*Salary information from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Learn How to Become a Nurse - Step by Step Guide | All Nursing Schools

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
When you learn how to become a nurse you'll find the first step is getting a solid education, whether you hope to be an LPN, RN, or administrator. Every state and the District of Columbia require students to graduate from an accredited nursing program in order to become licensed.

# data[].attributes.body
Steps to becoming a doctor

# data[].attributes.body
Play this game to find out

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Free Baking Games | Free Online Games for Kids | KidzSearch.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
KidzSearch Free Online Games for Kids. Features the Best Learning and Skill Games.

# data[].attributes.body
Wanna bake? Learn how to be a professional baker

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Step 1: Work as an Apprentice

Before becoming a professional, aspiring bakers must acquire experience. One option is to participate in an apprenticeship program to learn the skills, such as the best practices for measuring, preparing, and food safety, under professional supervision at restaurants, hotels or bakeries while also participating in more formal classes. While a college degree is generally not necessary, apprenticeship programs available through technical or community college programs often result in an associate degree or certificate.

Bakers often utilize industrial machines, including blenders and mixers, so it's a good idea to learn how to use such equipment while working with experienced bakers or by taking courses that cover the basics of commercial equipment operation.

Additionally, the way food is prepared is very important. If ingredients have gone bad, or if they're not handled properly, consumers can get sick. While working at an apprenticeship, potential bakers should take note of proper food handling methods. Students can also take a sanitation course, which could be useful when seeking certification.

Step 2: Learn to Operate a Business

Some bakers choose to open their own businesses. Some colleges and universities offer associate degree programs in small business or entrepreneurship that can teach students to operate their own businesses. Another option for prospective bakery owners is to take courses in small business management through a continuing education program. In these courses, students typically learn about marketing strategies, business plans and product costs. Aspiring business owners also need to know how to manage inventory and keep track of finances.

Step 3: Earn Certification

Certification is not required by most employers, but it can help bakers stand out from the competition. The Retail Bakers of America (RBA) offers certification options for different levels of bakers, including Certified Journey Baker (CJB), Certified Baker (CB) and Certified Master Baker (CMB). The CJB, Certified Journey Baker, is for those just starting out, the CB, Certified Baker, is for those who have some work experience, and the CMB, Certified Master Baker is intended for highly experienced bakers. Individuals seeking CB or higher credentials need to have completed a sanitation course. A Certified Decorator (CD) designation is also available for those who primarily work with sweet baked goods. The RBA notes that job prospects and income could be greater for certified bakers.

After four years of work experience, bakers are qualified to take the exam to become a CB, and after eight years of full-time work and professional development training, they can apply to become a CMB, Certified Master Baker. Bakers should keep on top of certification and move up to the next level after fulfilling minimum requirements in order to showcase their advanced skills.

Step 4: Acquire Additional Experience

The primary way to move up and advance as a baker is to gain work experience. Many bakers start off as baker's assistants and progress as they learn the techniques and skills necessary to manage a bakery or create high quality products.

Aspiring bakers need experience, often acquired through an apprenticeship, which might result in a certificate or an associate's degree.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
become a baker: career information and requirements

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Become a Baker: Career Information and Requirements

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Before becoming a professional, aspiring bakers must acquire experience. One option is to participate in an apprenticeship program to learn the skills, such as the best practices for measuring, preparing, and food safety, under professional supervision at restaurants, hotels or bakeries while also participating in more formal classes.

# data[].attributes.body
Have recess reading!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Reading Games for Kids and Elementary Students

With the educational standards for reading in our elementary schools rising, we at RoomRecess.com decided to create a page full of fun reading games. Our reading games and activities expose children to a variety of skills and reading strategies that will help to create better overall comprehension. To help make reading more engaging, we put options in our reading games that allow for teachers and parents to focus on specific educational standards. Skills covered in our free reading games include: main idea, drawing conclusions, context clues, cause and effect, fact and opinion, synonyms, antonyms, vocabulary, as well as, many more. Kids will stay engaged learning new and challenging skills while they play our reading games.

Free Reading Games

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Reading Games | Free Educational Computer Reading Games for Elementary Students | RoomRecess.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Reading Games for Kids and Elementary Students With the educational standards for reading in our elementary schools rising, we at RoomRecess.com decided to create a page full of fun reading games. Our reading games and activities expose children to a variety of skills and reading strategies that will help to create better overall comprehension.

# data[].attributes.body
This book is available in the Learning Commons. Check out the trailer here

# data[].attributes.body
Check out this book trailer and read Charlotte's Web

# data[].attributes.body
How to make fluffy stuff slime

# data[].attributes.body
What you need to make fluffy stuff

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
After seeing Lisa Murphy do I had to try it. All you need is a bottle of shaving cream and a box of corn starch. This was enough for two tubs of this wonderful, fluffy stuff! We poured about half the box of corn starch in each tub and then just squirted the shaving cream into them. We used the entire bottle between the two tubs. The incredible thing about this is that after a bit, it's moldable! The kids LOVED it. Now to replenish my shaving cream supply. Next time we will try adding some color too. So fun and a great fine motor and sensory experience!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
After seeing Lisa Murphy do I had to try it. All you need is a bottle of shaving cream and a box of corn starch. This was enough for two tubs of this wonderful, fluffy stuff! We poured about half the box of corn starch in each tub and then just squirted the shaving cream into them.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
One subject most kids enjoy learning about is animals. Picture books with animal characters are firm favorites with the younger crowd, and non-fiction books about animals are popular with curious older kids. Kids also love to observe animals, in real life visits to the zoo perhaps, or via some of the well-made documentaries available. Children with access to companion animals learn lots about the special joy such animals bring to our lives.

There are a number of fascinating websites devoted to helping us learn about animals. Here are some you might like to explore with your kids.
Looking for book and reading ideas? Sign up for our Scholastic Parents newsletter.

Children and adults alike can't help grinning delightedly when they see baby animals. Help your kids explore this website, devoted to the newest, cutest baby animals from the world's accredited zoos and aquariums. It's a great place to play conversation games like choosing the cutest one or deciding on a fantasy pet. It might also make a good jumping-off point for research on animals or a school project. If your child can't get enough of baby animals, there'sMy Encyclopedia of Baby Animals, a squeal-worthy guide to the most adorable animals around.

National Geographic and National Geographic Kids
Both sites offer stacks of resources on animals, including videos. Young children will benefit from your help with some of the heavier reading, and there'll be lots of opportunities for you to discuss what you learn. Kids also will be mesmerized with the wild animals in 101 Animal Secrets and LEGO Nonfiction: Big Book of Animals, which burst with gorgeous photographs.

Australia's ABC Splash
This is a rabbithole of a website where we can easily lose track of time! As well as lots of general educational resources, including videos, interactive games and digi-books, it offers helpful materials on animals like this one on Remarkable Animal and Plant Life Cycles. Discover the animals native to the vast continent of Australia with A True Book: Australia and Oceania.

Walking With Dinosaurs
Despite being better suited for older children, young dinosaur fans will still adore looking at the images and videos about dinosaurs on this BBC site. Moms and dads can help youngsters read some of the fascinating fact sheets seen by clicking on images. Hungry for more? Young readers will gobble up the full-bleed photos and fun facts inFly Guy Presents: Dinosaurs, while older readers (grades 3 and up) will revel in the "terrifying truths" revealed about the giant reptiles who ruled the skies, land and sea in The Science of Dinosaurs series.

World Wildlife Fund
As well as discovering more about endangered species and the important work the WWF does, this website has lots of great educational materials about animals. Check out tabs like Species, browse the excellent close-up images, and find the answers to questions like Why Are Sloths Slow? To learn more about the precious animals protected by the WWF, read the A True Book: The Most Endangered series, which features educational books on gorillas, big cat species, polar bears, and more.

I wrote about ARKive back in 2010, and it's still one of my favorite web spaces. Again, children will get more from this site if their parents spend time discussing and sharing it with them. You can browse by topics, species, habitats, and more, but make sure to check out the education section. I love that it has materials suitable even for 5- to 7-year-olds, with children encouraged to learn through activities like making animal masks. For more creative activities, try our animal-related Klutz kits - your creative child can make animal paper lanterns and miniature animal plushies.

Kids Planet
If some of the websites above seem a little too serious for your kids, help them visit Kids Planet. As well as finding some excellent fact sheets, here they can play animal-themed games, like Who Am I, where they need to identify animal sounds. For another lighthearted approach to learning about animals, try the What If You Had Animal... series, which teaches kids fun facts about animals as they try to imagine what it would be like to have a shark's teeth or a porcupine's quills.

Switch Zoo is another site where the learning is slightly disguised by fun! Children can play animal games, create their own wacky new animals, even solve jigsaw puzzles. Can't you just imagine the fun kids will have making a unique animal and imagining its diet, its habitat, and its special features? For even more educational fun, try The Magic School Bus Back in Time with the Dinosaurs Science Kit - your child can mold fossils, build a dinosaur replica, and more, all while learning!

Sharing websites like these with our kids is a wonderful way to demonstrate safe online behavior, as well as our own enthusiasm for learning. Follow up with a visit to your local library or zoo to extend the experience. Searching publisher websites will bring an amazing array of animal-themed bookish goodness, where you're sure to find resources just right for your children.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
8 Top Websites Where Kids Can Learn About Animals

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
One subject most kids enjoy learning about is animals. Picture books with animal characters are firm favorites with the younger crowd, and non-fiction books about animals are popular with curious older kids. Kids also love to observe animals, in real life visits to the zoo perhaps, or via some of the well-made documentaries available.

# data[].attributes.body
Games about dirt and soil

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Check out these fun soil games we've collected from around the web.

Soil Tris

Build a soil profile with sand, silt and clay blocks like you are playing Tetris®. Remember not to pack the particles too tightly though - soil must be loosely packed for the best results.
https://seedsurvivor.com/just-for-kids/games/Play Now

A-Maze-ing Underground

Play this Pac Man™ like game to create the perfect balance of nutrients for a crop of corn. While you are down there, take lots of pictures to review later!

https://seedsurvivor.com/just-for-kids/games/

Find the right water balance for corn plants. If you do well, you will get more plants that need attention. https://seedsurvivor.com/just-for-kids/games/
Play Now

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Check out these fun soil games we've collected from around the web. Soil Tris Build a soil profile with sand, silt and clay blocks like you are playing Tetris®. Remember not to pack the particles too tightly though - soil must be loosely packed for the best results.

# data[].attributes.body
Learn about dirt and soil

# data[].attributes.body
Learn about rocks and minerals while playing a game

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BBC Bitesize - KS2 Science - Rocks, soils and fossils

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
KS2 Science Rocks, soils and fossils learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers.

# data[].attributes.body
Learn about the three types of rocks by watching this animated lesson

# data[].attributes.body
Fractions the easy way

# data[].attributes.body
Play Math games here

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Math games can make learning more fun and engaging. When children play games, they can apply their math skills to new and unique scenarios while building logic and critical thinking skills. They also get a chance to practice math in a way that is fun and appeals to their interests.

Math Game Time's free and fun math videos appeal to children at many different grade levels and with many different interests. Children can enjoy racing games, logic games, puzzle games, and even games based on activities they enjoy every day. The games also cover a variety of concepts and skills, ranging from basic addition and subtraction skills to solving complex equations and graphing. Below are a variety of math games ranging from Pre-K through 7th grade.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Free Math Games - Fun, Educational Math Games for Kids & Teachers

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Play free math games for Pre-K through 7th grade. Our fun math games cover subjects from addition, fractions, and multiplication to measurement, graphing and probability!

# data[].attributes.body
Learn your 9 multiplication facts using your fingers

# data[].attributes.body
Math is everywhere

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website.

If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked.

To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser.

12,100 possible mastery points

Learn with the Khan Academy Kids app

Kids ages 2-8 (preschool-2nd grade) can read, play, and learn with fun animal friends in our free interactive mobile app, Khan Academy Kids. We have tools for teachers, too!

Learn more

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Learn early elementary math-counting, shapes, basic addition and subtraction, and more.

# data[].attributes.body
Learn how to style hair

# data[].attributes.headline
How to become a professional hairstylist

# data[].attributes.subject
How to become a professional hairstylist

# data[].attributes.body
Want to do hair professionally? This is how

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
If you want to work as a hair stylist in the United States, you will have to attend a cosmetology program that has been approved by the state in which you want to work. Many states also stipulate that anyone working in this field have a high school or equivalency diploma.

Some high schools offer programs in cosmetology to their students. If yours does not, or if you already have a high school or equivalency diploma, you can attend a program at a vocational school. These programs usually last at least nine months, but some may be almost two years long. Many grant an associate degree upon completion. Some programs offer classes in languages in addition to English.

To find a program, you can do a search on the American Association of Cosmetology Schools' (AACS) website. Look for one that offers a specialty in hair. According to this non-profit organization that represents cosmetology, skin, nail, barbering, and massage schools, tuition costs between $6,500 and $10,000, depending on whether the program is located in a rural or metropolitan area. Tuition in rural areas is lower than it is in metropolitan ones. You will also need to pay for your tools.

Before enrolling in a program, it is essential that you find out whether it is approved by the state in which you want to work. If you attend a program that is not state-approved, you will not be able to get a license and, subsequently, will be unable to work as a hairstylist. If you have any question's about a program's credentials, contact your state's licensing board. Find a list of them on the AACS website.

While specific coursework may differ depending on the program you choose, certain classes are typically part of every school's curriculum. Here are some courses you should expect to take:

Sanitation and sterilization

Hair cutting and shaping

Hair analysis

Hair and scalp disorders and diseases

Texturizing

Hair extensions

Color methods

Permanent Waving

Relaxing

Salon management

A hair stylist's professional development doesn't end with the initial training he or she receives. To keep up with current trends, you will have to continue to take courses throughout your career.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If you want to work as a hair stylist in the United States, you will have to attend a cosmetology program that has been approved by the state in which you want to work. Many states also stipulate that anyone working in this field have a high school or equivalency diploma.

# data[].attributes.body
Pebblebrook High School offers a cosmetology program. You could learn how to do hair in high school

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Cosmetology program emphasizes specialized training in theory; safety; sanitation; state laws, rules and regulations; chemistry; anatomy and physiology; hair, skin, and nail care; hair styling, coloring, cutting; reception; lab and salon management.

# data[].attributes.body
Top 25 colleges or universities that offer majors in dance

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Each year, OnStage Blog takes a deep look at the many theatre programs across the country. With thousands of prospective students and families researching what makes one program a better fit than another, we feel it's important to provide as many resources as possible.

As we've mentioned before, OnStage Blog's rankings are based on a rating system that looks at a number of different factors that should be considered when looking into these schools. In case anyone has any questions about our ranking process, we've described it here.

Today, we kick off our annual rankings with programs in dance. Over the years we've seen careers in dance take off in a number of ways. Broadway is no longer the only destination. Programs are preparing dancers for a number of different types of performance settings and jobs.

So here is our list of the best college dance programs for this year, both BFA and BA. Please note that non-degree awarding studio programs will not be included in these rankings.

25. USC Glorya Kaufman School of Dance - Los Angeles, CA

Highlight: Program includes concentrations such as the Choreography for Stage & Cinematic Arts. This concentration is designed to guide students who are interested in the field of dance for the stage, motion pictures, television, digital media and animation. Students will also be mentored in experimental dance media, both as individual performers and in collaboration with other visual and performing artists.

24. University of South Florida - Tampa, FL

While CalArts is a name you might not automatically associate as a dance power, you should. Because their's is one of the best in the west and only getting better. Their BFA curriculum builds a strong foundation in ballet and contemporary dance styles. Two technique classes a day, four days a week provide a consistent means for developing the necessary skills throughout the four-year degree program. The School's performance calendar includes 8-10 concerts featuring student and faculty work each year.

9. University of Arizona - Tucson, AZ

If you're thinking of heading out west to major in dance, your first stop should be U of A. One of the big aspects of U of A's program we like is their emphasis on dancer's health. Since 2013, UA Dance students have had access to specialized onsite musculoskeletal care through a weekly Dance Medicine Clinic. The Clinic is run by Dr. Daniel Latt, a specialist in sports medicine and foot and ankle surgery. The goal of the Clinic is to provide the students of the School of Dance timely and accurate evaluations of their injuries, advice on effective treatments for simple injuries, and referrals for more complex problems. By improving access to specialized care, it is hoped that both the frequency and the duration of injuries will be reduced, thus improving the training of every UA Dance student.

8. University of North Carolina School of the Arts - Winston Salem, NC

As part of their Dance Composition and Improvisation course, third-year Contemporary Dance students are given the stage to showcase their original choreography during the M3 Spree concert. The performances are presented twice a year and feature small-group works of three to five dancers. Often in collaboration with composers from the School of Music, the performances feature original contemporary dance choreography from the cutting-edge, creative minds of our Contemporary Dance students.

Fourth year students participate in the Pluck Project, a school-sponsored group of graduating dancers who choreograph solos and perform original works in New York City for professional choreographers and directors. Alumni include Claire Kretzschmar(New York City Ballet), Camille A Brown, and Gillian Murphy(American Ballet Theatre).

7. Southern Methodist University - Dallas, TX

Deep in the heart of Texas lies one of the best dance programs in the nation. SMU's Meadows School of the Arts students can earn a B.F.A. in Dance Performance or a minor in Dance Performance. Coursework centers on ballet, modern and jazz, all three of which are required for all first-years and sophomores. During junior and senior years, students select the techniques they wish to concentrate on. In addition to technique training, students are immersed in theoretical studies that include dance history, kinesiology, music theory/history, and choreography.

Alumni currently are or have been employed by the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, Ballet Hispanico, Dance Theatre of Harlem, Martha Graham Company, Paul Taylor Dance Company, Complexions and many more. SMU is also one of the rare BFA programs that encourages and supports students wishing to double major.

6. Butler University - Indianapolis, IN

Boasting the best ballet program outside of New York City, the Jordan College of the Arts at Butler University should be a top choice for aspiring dancers. The program features studio coursework in Ballet, Modern, and Jazz, with an emphasis on classical ballet. They also offer supplementary studio classes in Pointe, Men's Allegro, Character Dance, World Dance, Pas de Deux, and Classical Variations as well as classes in Choreography, Improvisation, Laban Movement Analysis, Music for Dance, Dance History, Theory and Philosophy.

ButlerBallet, the performance component of the program, offers extensive pre-professional opportunities, including full-length classical productions of The Nutcracker, Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty, Coppélia, Cinderella, and Giselle; all performed to live orchestra.

Alumni include Holt Walborn, a member of the Rioult Dance New York.

5. Point Park University - Pittsburgh, PA

Hands down the best college in the country that offers both a BA and BFA in dance. The school provides instruction in ballet, jazz and modern. Point Park also features one of the best facilities in the country. It's four-story George Rowland White Performance Center is a sight to behold. Interesting note, it is a Gold LEED-certified building and one of the few green arts facilities in the region. This dance studio can be converted into a fully functional performance space to meet the needs of various projects at the conservatory. It offers intimate audience seating for 188 and a 40-foot-by-30-foot performance space, the second largest in Downtown Pittsburgh. Alumni include Tony-winning choreographer Rob Ashford( Thoroughly Modern Millie, Frozen), Neil Haskell, and Megan Sikora(Wicked, Curtains).

4. The Juilliard School - New York, NY

At Juilliard, dance students will have the chance to perform, a lot. Juilliard's Dance Division presents some 30 public performances. They include a New Dances series in December, which features each class of students in a new work made especially for them by a prominent choreographer. In the spring semester, the Juilliard Dances Repertory series gives dancers the opportunity to perform in established works from repertory. The dance calendar also includes an annual Senior Production, a performance series featuring works by senior choreographers; and the popular Choreographers and Composers (also known as ChoreoComp) concert, which presents the results of a collaboration of six Juilliard student choreographers with six Juilliard student composers.

This renowned program also features possibly the finest collection of faculty in the world. They include Deborah Wingert, a former principal at the New York City Ballet under George Balanchine. As well as Janis Brenner, whose work has been commissioned and restaged by more than 45 companies and colleges in Germany, Sweden, France, Taiwan, Indonesia, Singapore, Russia, and the U.S.

3. Oklahoma City University - Oklahoma City, OK

In our opinion, no college in the country is doing a better job of preparing versatile dancers for this industry than The Ann Lacy School of American Dance and Entertainment at Oklahoma City University. In addition to their program in Dance Performance, OCU also offers programs Dance Management, American Dance Teacher, and Entertainment Business. Students take a foundation curriculum of dance technique, arts management and production, teaching dance, choreography, dance history, music fundamentals, and general education courses in the first two years. Students are placed in one of the three dance major degree tracks (Dance Performance, Dance Teacher, or Dance Management) for their junior and senior years.

The school offers a number of performing groups and opportunities. From their American Spirit Dance Company to their Spirit of Grace Liturgical Dance Company, students will have plenty of chances to perform.

In addition to becoming known as a recruiting ground for the Rockettes, a number of alums have recently appeared on Broadway and elsewhere such as Ashley Stover( Hello Dolly!), Chip Abbott( Charlie and the Chocolate Factory), and Nathan Peck( Wicked).

2. The Ailey School at Fordham University - New York, NY

The Ailey School is housed in the beautiful Joan Weill Center for Dance. This mecca for dance is located in the heart of midtown Manhattan. It houses 16 climate-controlled studios equipped with sprung floors, pianos, sound systems, state-of-the-art acoustics; the 275-seat Ailey Citigroup Theater, physical therapy facilities, the Ailey Boutique, a library and student and faculty lounges. It is largest building for dance education in the dance capital of New York City.

According to their website, students take a rigorous core curriculum of daily classes in Classical Ballet, Horton, and Graham-based Modern. In addition, students also take a variety of other dance technique and creative courses that are specific to the BFA in Dance program including Jazz, West African dance, Partnering, and Improvisation, among others.

Alumni include Taeler Cyrus who's performed in Hello Dolly! and An American in Paris as well as Natasha Diamond Walker who is performing with the Martha Graham Dance Company.

1. NYU Tisch School of the Arts - New York, NY

As opposed to most four year programs, NYU Tisch School of the Arts offers a three year BFA program in Dance which includes a two summer curriculum. One course we like that they offer is "Production Crew in Dance", which is offered during the first year. The course is described as, "Offers working knowledge of lighting and sound equipment, stage management, crew work, programming, publicity, house management, wardrobe, multi-camera live production, and other technical requirements for dance production. All students, whether graduate or undergraduate, are required to participate each semester in production crew." Knowledge in this area is proven to be helpful when preparing for a career in dance.

Also noteworthy is their Second Avenue Dance Company, a fantastic performance opportunity for students where they are given the chance to work with guest choreographers.

The admission process is selective and staggering. Not only is NYU Tisch looking for talented dancers but strong students as well. A student matriculating in the Tisch School of the Arts must be admitted at two levels: as a student within a department of specialization or major, and as a student of New York University. The audition process involves two steps. First, students audition within the context of a technique class at Tisch, and if the applicant is selected, they will then proceed to the solo audition.

~~~
Full Disclosure: Our dance research team consisted of two current BFA dance students, three professional dancers, two college admissions professional, one dance casting director and three dance administrators. They're associated with the following schools - Rutgers University, University of Utah, University of Texas, Point Park University, SCAD, Elon University, Temple University, The Juilliard School, SUNY Purchase and Shenadoah University. To avoid conflict of interest, they did not adjudicate their associated programs.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Top 25 College Dance Programs for 2018-19

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Today, we kick off our annual rankings with programs in dance. Over the years we've seen careers in dance take off in a number of ways. Broadway is no longer the only destination. Programs are preparing dancers for a number of different types of performance settings and jobs.

# data[].attributes.body
Learn how to create your own video game!

# data[].attributes.body
Dance videos that tell a story about dance

# data[].attributes.body
Want to know what each color means? Check it out here!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Are you ready to make your game's Enemies a whole lot more interesting? Brain Boards are a brand new feature in Bloxels that gives creators the ability to give the Enemies in their games "Brains"! Use your Bloxels Gameboard to make your enemies faster, stronger, or bigger.

# data[].attributes.body
Wanna dance? Here are the top 10 dance forms.